An Imaging System for Monitoring the Feeding Behavior of Dairy Cows

( Cheng-yu Kuan ),( Yu-chi Tsai ),( Chen-yu Cheng ),( Jih-tay Hsu ),( Shih-torng Dnig ),( Ta-te Lin ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

In sub-tropical countries, dairy cows tend to experience heat stress problems. This phenomenon may lead to declines in feed intake, milk production, and fertility. Under normal conditions, the dairy cows have a regular feeding and drinking time. For this reason, changes in feeding behavior can be a possible indicator to detect heat stress phenomena that can help farm owners monitor dairy cow health. In order to monitor and record the feeding behavior of dairy cows, an imaging system is proposed herein. The imaging system uses Raspberry Pi 3, as the embedded system, and a camera module to acquire images for dairy cow face detection in front of the feeding area to confirm if the dairy cow is eating. The dairy cow faces are detected through cascade-AdaBoost algorithms which can automatically select weak classifiers to form a strong classifier with fast processing speed in an embedded system. The factors affecting the performance of the dairy cow face detection algorithm have been tested and optimized. The system has been tested in a feeding area in National Taiwan University’s dairy farm, which has 25 dairy cows in total. By converting the frequency of dairy cow face detection into feeding time, the feeding behavior of grouped dairy cows can be analyzed. Furthermore, combining the temperature humidity index (THI) and feeding behavior can provide the farm owners with an index to evaluate the level heat stress of dairy cows.

Relationships between Antioxidants and Quality Characteristics from Velvet Antlers of Formosan Sambar Deer

Shih-Lin Cheng,You-Ling Jian,Chih-Ming Chen,Bing-Tsan Liu 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.4

The quality characteristics of velvet antlers obtained from Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor Swinhoi) (SDVA), harvested from 63 to 81 d during the velvet antler growth period, were evaluated by investigating the relationships between antioxidant levels; including content, activity, and content/activity ratios, and physical properties; including shear force values, color, and Ca content. The hardness of samples from base velvet antler sections increased, and that the color of these samples tended to become reddish-yellow (redder and more yellow), suggesting that the Ca content in the base section of the sample was not ossified yet. Samples from the upper sections of velvet antler showed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) content (3.91 to 1.50 mg/mL, 2.53 to 0.90 mg/mL, and 3.95 to 1.58 mg/mL, respectively) than did samples from the middle and base sections (p<0.05). The activity and content/activity ratios of GPX measured in the upper section were also found to be significantly greater than in the middle and base sections (p<0.05). We further observed that the content and activity of GPX was significantly and negatively correlated with Ca content, shear force values, and the content/activity ratio of this antioxidant (p<0.01). The study findings may serve as a reference index for quality evaluations of velvet antlers of Formosan sambar deer in future.

Taiwanese Identity And The Memories Of 2-28: A Case For Political Reconciliation

( Cheng Feng Shih ),( Mu Min Chen ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2010 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.34 No.4

This article examines how the native Taiwanese identity has been formulated in the 20th century, and how this identity affects the relations between the native Taiwanese and Mainlander minorities. During the Kuomintang`s (KMT) authoritarian rule on Taiwan, Mainlanders considered themselves distinct and enjoyed more privileges than the natives. The 2-28 Massacre of 1947 and the following oppressive policies toward the natives by the KMT regime reinforced the distrust and animosity between native Taiwanese and Mainlanders. This article finds that it is very difficult to achieve reconciliation and rebuild a common identity among all groups in Taiwan, as neither the KMT nor the following government of the Democratic Progressive Party was able to build a new Taiwanese identity on the basis of ethnic reconciliation. Yet efforts by both sides to uncover the truth and seek justice about the Massacre have made progress. Taiwan`s attainment of "transitional justice" appears in the later part of the article.

Liquidity in Up and Down Markets for Asset Pricing: Evidence from the Taiwan Stock Market

Yi-Cheng Shih,Xuan-Qi Su 한국증권학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.45 No.5

Using a sample of stocks listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange during 1991–2014, this study investigates the liquidity in up and down markets, which is important for understanding asset pricing. Firm-level original Amihud, Journal of Financial Markets, 5, 2002, 31. illiquidity is decomposed into two half-Amihud measures for up- and down-market days. First, we show that the ability of the down-market liquidity level to explain the cross-section of returns subsumes the up-market liquidity level. Second, only loadings on systematic down-market liquidity factors are significantly priced. Third, a liquidity risk factor constructed by the downmarket component, rather than the up-market component significantly explains the time-series and cross-sectional variation in returns sorted by firm size, suggesting that the liquidity risk factor associated with down-market days performs better in capturing the flight-toliquidity. Overall, the findings support the view that the liquidity in down markets plays a more important role in asset pricing than the liquidity in up markets.

Effects of Dietary Algal Docosahexaenoic Acid Oil Supplementation on Fatty Acid Deposition and Gene Expression in Laying Tsaiya Ducks

Cheng, C.H.,Ou, B.R.,Shen, T.F.,Ding, Shih-Torng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.7

The current study was designed to determine the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on fatty acid deposition in egg yolk and various tissues of laying Tsaiya ducks, and on the mRNA concentrations of hepatic lipogenesis-related transcription factors. Thirty laying ducks were randomly assigned to three treatments with diets based on corn-soybean meal (ME: 2803 kcal/kg; CP: 17.1%; Ca: 3.4%) supplemented with 0% (control diet), 0.5% or 2% algal DHA oil. The DHA content in egg yolks of the ducks was elevated significantly (p<0.01) with the supplementation of dietary DHA. The DHA percentage of the total fatty acids in the egg yolk of laying ducks was 0.5%, 1.3% and 3.4% for 0%, 0.5% and 2% algal DHA oil treatments, respectively, for the $1^{st}$ week, and 0.5%, 1.5% and 3.3% for the $2^{nd}$ week. Therefore, algal DHA oil can be utilized by laying Tsaiya ducks to enhance the egg-yolk DHA content. The concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol in plasma of laying Tsaiya ducks were not affected by dietary DHA treatments (p>0.05). The DHA concentration in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle was increased with the addition of dietary algal DHA oil (p<0.05). The mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and SREBP2 in the livers of laying Tsaiya ducks was not affected by dietary DHA, suggesting that the expression of these transcription factors is tightly controlled and not sensitive to DHA treatments.

On-line Error-matching Measurement and Compensation Method for a Precision Machining Production Line

Shih-Ming Wang,Chun-Yi Lee,Hariyanto Gunawan,Chin-Cheng Yeh 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.2

When producing a matching part for good mating with its counterpart (assembly part), good matching accuracy between the matching part and assembly part is highly required. The matching errors are influenced by not only the errors of the matching part but also the errors of the assembly part. Because the errors of an assembly part could be different from others, it is very difficult to have very good mating accuracy, if the manufacturing of a matching part does not take the actual errors of the assembly into account. Furthermore, it will need additional off -line assembly mating tests to find a good mating pair. This study proposes an error-matching compensation method to solve the not-good-mating problem for manufacturing assembly modules with good matching accuracy. In this method, the actual errors of an assembly part are directly in-line measured and used to compensate the machining process of a matching part so that a dedicated part with the good mating condition can be on-line made for the error-measured assembly part. In addition to having better matching accuracy, this method also provides advantages of high production efficiency and cost saving, because it will not need the off -line mating test to find good mating pairs. This method also includes a function of in-line auto-generation of error compensation NC programs to support continuous production. In this study, error analysis of two mating types (planar mating and triangle mating) were explored and discussed. The Human–Machine Interface was built with the use of C# language. Finally, machining experiments with in-line measurements were conducted to verify the proposed method. The experimental results have shown the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Effects of Cold Storage and Harvest Time on the Quality of Pear Scions in Taiwan

Shih-Tsung Tsai,Tsu-Liang Chang,Wan-Cheng Liao,Iou-Zen Chen 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Formation of Solid-Solution Cu-to-Cu Joints Using Ga Solder and Pt under Bump Metallurgy for Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

Shih-kang Lin,Hao-miao Chang,Cheng-liang Cho,Yu-chen Liu,Yi-kai Kuo 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.4

Three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs) are the most important packaging technology for next-generation semiconductors. Cu-to-Cu throughsilicon via interconnections with micro-bumps are key components in the fabrication of 3D ICs. However, significant reliability concerns have been raised due to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds in the entire 3D IC joints. This study proposes a Ga-based Cu-to-Cu bonding technology with Pt under bump metallurgy (UBM). A systematic analysis of reactive wetting between Ga solders and polycrystalline, single-crystalline, and Ptcoated Cu substrates was conducted. Pt UBM as a wetting layer was identified to be a key component for Ga-based Cu-to-Cu bonding. Pt-coated Cu substrates were bonded using Ga solders with various Ga-to-Pt ratios (n) at 300°C. When n ≥ 4, the Cu/Pt/Ga/Pt/Cu interface evolves to Cu/facecentered cubic (fcc)/γ1-Cu9Ga4/fcc/Cu, Cu/fcc/γ1-Cu9Ga4 + Ga7Pt3/fcc/Cu, and finally Cu/fcc + Ga7Pt3/Cu structures. The desired ductile solid solution joint formed with discrete Ga7Pt3 precipitates. When n ≤ 1, a Cu/Ga7Pt3/Cu joint formed without Cu actively participating in the reactions. The reaction mechanism and microstructure evolution were elaborated with the aid of CALPHAD thermodynamic modeling.

Veracity Model of Streaming XML Document

Shih-Ying Chen,Cheng-Fu Ji 한국정보기술학회 2019 Proceedings of The International Workshop on Futur Vol.2018 No.1

FEM ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT VALIDATION ON MULTI-PASS FORGING OF TORX ROUND FLANGE BOLT

Shih-Hsien Lin,Dyi-Cheng Chen,Un-Chin Chai,Gow-Yi Tzou 한국자동차공학회 2020 International journal of automotive technology Vol.21 No.5

This study aims at exploring the multi-pass forging of Torx Round Flange Bolt (automotive fastener) to simulate each pass forging process using FEM simulation. The software is used to carry out the simulation analysis. Constant shear friction is always assumed at the interface between die and workpiece to explore the effective stress, the effective strain, the velocity filed, and the forging force for each pass. Through the pass schedule plan and design based on FEM analysis, the four-pass forging process is designed to form the Torx Round Flange Bolt compared the five-pass forging. It is noted that the total forging force is 1204kN, so the 200 tons machinery in the factory can be chosen to manufacture this automotive fastener. The die stress analysis for each pass has been explored to realize whether the dies are damaged or not. The forming feasibility of Torx Round Flange Bolt can be performed by FEM simulation. All dies designs and forming results can be proposed to the dies manufacture so as to perform the realistic experiments. Comparisons between FEM and experiment for final product dimensions can be carried out. The maximum dimension error is just around 3.32% to show a good agreement with the experiment. The research results can provide to the industries as the references of establishment of multi-pass forging technology.