Severity Staging of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Differences in Pre- and Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry

Sheng-Hsiang Lin,Ping-Hung Kuo,Sow-Hsong Kuo,Pan-Chyr Yang 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.5

Purpose: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uses the post-bronchodilator spirometry for diagnosis and severity staging. We evaluated differences in the severity classification of COPD, based on pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry. Materials and Methods: From 2000 to 2004, 207 COPD patients who underwent spirometry before and after inhalation of 400 μg of fenoterol were analyzed. A responder to the bronchodilator test (BDT) was defined by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) as an increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity ≥ 12% and ≥ 200 mL, and by the European Respiratory Society (ERS) as an increase in FEV1 ≥ 10% of the predicted value. COPD severity was classified according to the 2008 GOLD guidelines. Results: For the entire study population, the FEV1 increased by 11.8 ± 12.5% of baseline after BDT and 41.1% and 27.1% of subjects were classified as responders using the ATS and ERS criteria, respectively. Based on pre-BDT spirometry, 55, 85, 58, and 9 patients were classified as Stage I-IV COPD, respectively. Sixty-seven (32.4%) patients changed severity staging after BDT, including 20.0%, 28.2%, 44.8%, and 66.7% of pre-BDT patients Stages I through IV, respectively. More ATS or ERS BDT-responders had a change in severity staging than non-responders (52.9% vs. 18.9% and 62.5% vs. 21.2%, both p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the severity staging of COPD using pre-BDT spirometry might lead to significant differences as compared to staging, based on post-BDT spirometry, as recommended by the current GOLD guidelines. Purpose: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uses the post-bronchodilator spirometry for diagnosis and severity staging. We evaluated differences in the severity classification of COPD, based on pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry. Materials and Methods: From 2000 to 2004, 207 COPD patients who underwent spirometry before and after inhalation of 400 μg of fenoterol were analyzed. A responder to the bronchodilator test (BDT) was defined by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) as an increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity ≥ 12% and ≥ 200 mL, and by the European Respiratory Society (ERS) as an increase in FEV1 ≥ 10% of the predicted value. COPD severity was classified according to the 2008 GOLD guidelines. Results: For the entire study population, the FEV1 increased by 11.8 ± 12.5% of baseline after BDT and 41.1% and 27.1% of subjects were classified as responders using the ATS and ERS criteria, respectively. Based on pre-BDT spirometry, 55, 85, 58, and 9 patients were classified as Stage I-IV COPD, respectively. Sixty-seven (32.4%) patients changed severity staging after BDT, including 20.0%, 28.2%, 44.8%, and 66.7% of pre-BDT patients Stages I through IV, respectively. More ATS or ERS BDT-responders had a change in severity staging than non-responders (52.9% vs. 18.9% and 62.5% vs. 21.2%, both p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the severity staging of COPD using pre-BDT spirometry might lead to significant differences as compared to staging, based on post-BDT spirometry, as recommended by the current GOLD guidelines.

Portable Laser Doppler Flowmeter for Microcirculation Detection

Chang-Lin Hu,Meng-Lin Li,Zhan-Sheng Lin,Yen-Yu Chen,Yuan-Hsiang Lin 대한의용생체공학회 2013 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.3 No.2

Purpose The microcirculatory system of the human body is closely related to its physiological conditions. The laser Doppler flowmeter can detect symptoms through variations in the microcirculation; however, the present commercial Doppler flowmeter is very expensive, heavy, and inconvenient to carry. Therefore, an inexpensive, small, and portable laser Doppler flowmeter is proposed. Methods In this study, we designed a laser Doppler flowmeter transmitting receiving module based on the fundamental principles of laser Doppler, using a common computer for flow calculation. A self-designed correction system was used to validate the portable laser Doppler flowmeter. Results The coefficient of correlation between the mean frequency offset <ω> of the flowmeter and the actual mimicked blood flow rate reached a high value of R = 0.99, and the variations in microcirculation flow could be accurately measured. Conclusions The results proved that the low-cost portable laser Doppler flowmeter can be used extensively in early symptom detection for disease prevention and control.

A Neurofeedback Protocol for Executive Function to Reduce Depression and Rumination: A Controlled Study

Sheng-Hsiang Yu,Chao-Yuan Tseng,Wei-Lun Lin 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.3

Objective: Rumination is a maladaptive emotional-regulation strategy that is strongly associated with depression. Impaired executive function can lead to difficulties in disengaging from rumination, thus exacerbating depression. In this study, we inspect an electroencephalograph neurofeedback protocol that enhance the target peak alpha frequency (PAF) activation in the prefrontal region. We examine the protocol’s effects on depression and rumination. Methods: We randomly assigned 30 dysphoric participants into either the neurofeedback training group or the control group. We then evaluated their depression, rumination, and executive function at pre- and posttraining so as to examine the effects of the neurofeedback. Results: The results show that this neurofeedback protocol can specifically enhance participants’ target PAF. The participants’ executive function performances significantly improved after undergoing 20 neurofeedback sessions. Compared with those in the control group, those in the neurofeedback group had significantly fewer depressive symptoms and significantly reduced rumination. Moreover, as target PAF and executive function improved, depression and rumination both declined. Conclusion: Our data are in line with those of previous studies that indicated a relationship between upper-band alpha activity and executive function. This PAF neurofeedback can effectively enhance participants’ executive function, which can reduce rumination and ameliorate depression. This neurofeedback training is based on basic cognitive neuroscience, so it sheds light on depression’s pathological factors and etiology

Application of physical vapor deposition process to modify activated carbon fibers for ozone reduction

Yu-Chih Lin,Chung-Liang Chang,Tser-Sheng Lin,Hsunling Bai,Ming-Gu Yan,Fu-Hsiang Ko,Chia-Tien Wu,Cheng-Hsiung Huang 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.3

This study utilized the activated carbon fiber (ACF) modified with metal catalyst via physical vapor deposition (PVD) process (ACF/PVD) to diminish ozone. Furthermore, the ozone removal efficiency of ACF/PVD was compared with that of original ACF and ACF modified with metal catalyst via impregnation process (ACF/impregnation). In addition to the kinds of coated metal and the inlet ozone concentrations, the effects of the coating thickness and the reaction temperature on ACF/PVD for ozone removal were also examined. The results indicate that the ozone removal efficiency of ACF/PVD is better than that of original ACF and ACF/impregnation. The ozone removal efficiency of different metal-coated ACF/PVD in the superior order is gold (Au), and manganese (Mn). The increase of Au-coated thickness (3 nm to 80 nm) on ACF/PVD will enhance the ozone removal. However, when the Mn-coated thickness on ACF/PVD is larger than 15 nm, the ozone removal efficiency displays a declining trend. Furthermore, a higher reaction temperature will result in a better ozone removal of ACF/PVD and the original ACF.

Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of TbCo/(Co/SiN<SUB>x</SUB>)<SUB>n</SUB> Films

Pai Li Lin,Po Cheng Kuo,Sheng Chi Chen,Yen Hsiang Fang 한국자기학회 2007 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

VEGF and FGF2 improve revascularization, survival, and oocyte quality of cryopreserved, subcutaneously transplanted mouse ovarian tissues

( Cheng-en Hsieh ),( Yuh-ming Hwu ),( Sheng-hsiang Li ),( Chung-hao Lu ),( Ming-huei Lin ),( Robert Kuo-kuang Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.102 No.-

Objective: To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on revascularization, survival, and oocyte quality of cryopreserved, subcutaneously transplanted mouse ovarian tissue. Methods: Outbred ICR mice (n = 112) were used as the animal model. Vitrified mouse ovarian tissues were treated without (control group) or with VEGF and FGF2 before autologous subcutaneous transplantation. After transplantation for 2 or 3 weeks, grafts’ survival, angiogenesis, and oocyte quality were examined. Results: VEGF and FGF2 promoted revascularization and significantly increased the survival rate of subcutaneously transplanted cryopreserved ovarian tissues compared with the untreated grafted control. The two growth factors did not show long-term effects on the ovarian grafts. In contrast to the untreated ovarian grafts, active folliculogenesis was revealed as the number of various follicles was significantly higher or had an increased trend in the VEGF and FGF2-treated ones. Though the fertilization rate had no differences between VEGF/FGF2 and control group; however, the oocyte quality was much better in the VEGF/FGF2-treated grafts as demonstrated by the higher ratio of blastocyst development. Conclusions: Introducing of angiogenic factors such as VEGF and FGF2 may be a promising strategy to improve revascularization, survival, and oocyte quality of cryopreserved, subcutaneously transplanted mouse ovarian tissue.

Traditional Chinese medicine attenuates hospitalization and mortality risks in diabetic patients with carcinoma in situ in Taiwan

Tsai Li-Jen,Chung Chi-Hsiang,Lin Chien-Jung,Su Sheng-Chiang,Kuo Feng-Chih,Liu Jhih-Syuan,Chen Kuan-Chan,Ho Li-Ju,Kuo Chih-Chun,Chang Chun-Yung,Lin Ming-Hsun,Chu Nain-Feng,Lee Chien-Hsing,Hsieh Chang-H 한국한의학연구원 2022 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.11 No.2

Background: Diabetic patients are at high risk of developing cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become increasingly popular as an adjuvant treatment for patients with chronic diseases, and some studies have identified its beneficial effect in diabetic patients with cancer. The purpoes of this study was to outline the potential of TCM to attenuate hospitalization and mortality rates in diabetic patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS). Methods: A total of 6,987 diabetic subjects with CIS under TCM therapy were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, along with 38,800 of 1:1 sex-, age-, and index year-matched controls without TCM therapy. Cox proportional hazard analysis was conducted to compare hospitalization and mortality rates during an average of 15 years of follow-up. Results: A total of 3,999/1,393 enrolled-subjects (28.62%/9.97%) had hospitalization/mortality, including 1,777/661 in the TCM group (25.43%/9.46%) and 2,222/732 in the control group (31.80%/10.48%). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed a lower rate of hospitalization and mortality for subjects in the TCM group (adjusted HR=0.536; 95% CI=0.367–0.780, P<0.001; adjusted HR=0.783; 95% CI=0.574– 0.974, P = 0.022). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative risk of hospitalization and mortality in the case and control groups was significantly different (log rank, P<0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). Conclusions: Diabetic patients with CIS under TCM therapy were associated with lower hospitalization and mortality rates compared to those without TCM therapy. Thus, TCM application may reduce the burden of national medical resources.

Three methods for studying coupled vibration in a multi flexible disk rotor system

YiJui Chiu,Xiao-Yun Li,Yi-Cheng Chen,Sheng-Rui Jian,Chia-Hao Yang,I-Hsiang Lin 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.11

This paper improved and developed Shaft-disk-blade (SDB) rotor system based on the previous studies of the authors in the last decade from Yang and Huang (2005) to Chiu et al. (2017). This paper also explored blade-bending, disk-transverse, and shaft-torsion coupling vibration of a multi flexible disk rotor system. Unlike the previous studies of the authors, this paper adopted three methods: (a) Assumed mode method (AMM), (b) Finite element method (FEM), and (c) experimental method. The first approach is the main method, and the two other methods are complementary. Results generated from the three methods were then compared and analyzed. Based on the previous definition of the authors, a flexible disk rotor system displays three types of coupling vibrations: Inter-blade, SDB, and diskblade modes. The system changes the rules of natural frequencies and mode shapes. This paper presents several interesting results. First, the author determined the change rules of the mode shapes and natural frequencies using the AMM, FEM (including three kinds of software), and the experimental method. Second, numerical calculation results also revealed that two phenomena regarding the distance of disk and flexible disk would be affected by the natural frequencies. Third, the experimental results would be explored in this paper. Last, the flexible disk could affect the system instability in the case study of rotation effects.

Simple but Organized Neurology Residency Training Improves the Quality of Acute Stroke Care: From the Outset to Long-Term Effect

Yu-Ming Chang,Chun-Min Wang,Po-Yu Lin,Pi-Shan Sung,Sheng-Hsiang Lin,Chih-Hung Chen 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.2

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