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Cellular-uptake Behavior of Polymer Nanoparticles into Consideration of Biosafety
Do, Jeong-Hoe,An, Jeong-Ho,Joun, Yong-Seung,Chung, Dong-June,Kim, Ji-Heung The Polymer Society of Korea 2008 Macromolecular Research Vol.16 No.8
Nanoparticles have tremendous potential in cancer prevention, detection and augmenting existing treatments. They can target tumors, carry imaging capability to document the presence of tumors, sense pathophysiological defects in tumor cells, deliver therapeutic genes or drugs based on the tumor characteristics, respond to external triggers to release an appropriate agent, document the tumor response, and identify the residual tumor cells. Nanoparticles < 30 nanometers in diameter show unexpected and unique properties. Furthermore, particles < 5 nanometers in size can easily penetrate cells as well as living tissues and organs. This study evaluated the safety of nano materials in a living body and the relationship between the living tissue and synthetic nano materials by examining the in-vitro cytotoxicity of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nano-spheres and fluorescein isothiocynate(FITC)-labeled dendrimers as polymer nanoparticles. PLGA was chosen because it has been used extensively for biodegradable nanoparticles on account of its outstanding bio-compatibility and its acceptance as an FDA approved material. The dendrimer was chosen because it can carry a molecule that recognizes cancer cells, a therapeutic agent that can kill those cells, and a molecule that recognizes the signals of cell death. Cytotoxicity in L929 mouse fibroblasts was monitored using MTT assay. Microscopic observations were also carried out to observe cell growth. All assays yielded meaningful results and the PLGA nanoparticles showed less cytotoxicity than the dendrimer. These nano-particles ranged in size from 10 to 100 nm according to microscopy and spectroscopic methods.
Impact of Liver Fibrosis on Long-Term Outcome in Ischemic Stroke Patients
( Seung Up Kim ),( Minyoul Baik ),( Sungwoo Kang ),( Hyung Jong Park ),( Hyo Suk Nam ),( Ji Hoe Heo ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Do Young Kim ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Kwang-hyub Han ),( Young 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: To investigate whether there are differences in long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by the burden of liver fibrosis or steatosis in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA, who underwent transient elastography (TE) from January 2014 to December 2014, were considered eligible. The influence of liver fibrosis or steatosis, assessed using TE, on long-term outcomes was investigated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Among 395 patients included in this study, there were 37 (9%) patients with significant fibrosis (>8.0 kPa) and 164 (41.5%) patients with fatty liver (>250 dB/m). During the follow-up (median 2.7 years), all-cause and cardiovascular mortality occurred in 28 (7.1%) and 20 (5.1%) patients. On multivariate analyses, significant liver fibrosis was independently associated with increased risk of all-cause (HR 8.14, 95% CI 3.03-21.90, P< 0.001) and cardiovascular (HR 4.04, 95% CI 1.17-13.98, P=0.028) mortality, whereas fatty liver was not (all > p 0.05) Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the burden of liver fibrosis, not steatosis assessed on TE was an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality during long-term follow-up in patient with ischemic stroke.
Jung, Hoe-Yune,Kim, Yu-Hee,Kim, In-Bo,Jeong, Ju Seong,Lee, Jung-Han,Do, Myoung-Sool,Jung, Seung-Pil,Kim, Kwang-Soo,Kim, Kyong-Tai,Kim, Jong-Bae Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-
<P>This study investigates the inhibitory effects of Korean mistletoe extract (KME) on adipogenic factors in 3T3-L1 cells and obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice fed a high-fat diet. Male C57Bl/6 mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with KME (3 g/kg/day) for 15 weeks for the antiobesity and NAFLD experiments. Body weight and daily food intake were measured regularly during the experimental period. The epididymal pad was measured and liver histology was observed. The effects of KME on thermogenesis and endurance capacity were measured. The effects of KME on adipogenic factors were examined in 3T3-L1 cells. Body and epididymal fat pad weights were reduced in KME-treated mice, and histological examination showed an amelioration of fatty liver in KME-treated mice, without an effect on food consumption. KME potently induces mitochondrial activity by activating thermogenesis and improving endurance capacity. KME also inhibited adipogenic factors <I>in vitro</I>. These results demonstrate the inhibitory effects of KME on obesity and NAFLD in mice fed a high-fat diet. The effects appear to be mediated through an enhanced mitochondrial activity. Therefore, KME may be an effective therapeutic candidate for treating obesity and fatty liver caused by a high-fat diet.</P>
Morphological Characteristics of Korean Dried Ginseng Products
Hong, Hee-Do,Cho, Chang-Won,Kim, Young-Chan,Kim, Eun-Young,Rhee, Young-Kyung,Rho, Jeong-Hae,Choi, Seung-Hoe The Korean Society of Ginseng 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.3
The purpose of this study was to determine a standard quality characteristic through the evaluation and statistical analysis of the morphological characteristics of dried ginseng (white ginseng) products. Samples of 4-year-old 30 and 50 piece grade curved ginseng and 5-year-old 25 and 15 piece grade straight ginseng products were collected from a market, with 5 to 10 packs of each product being collected annually over a 5-year period (2006-2010). Morphological characteristics, such as weight, length, diameter, and surface color, were measured and statistically analyzed to present a standard quality characteristic value using $mean{\pm}3SD$, a range that excluded outlier. The 4-year-old curved ginseng samples of 50 and 30 piece grade were 4.80 to 6.12 cm and 5.28 to 7.60 cm long, 0.22 to 1.70 cm and 0.21 to 2.07 cm wide, and weighed 5.28 to 7.40 g and 8.62 to 12.26 g, respectively. The 5-year-old straight ginseng samples of 25 and 15 piece grade were 9.66 to 15.47 cm and 10.66 to 16.80 cm long, 1.32 to 1.94 cm and 1.48 to 2.43 cm wide, and weighed 9.18 to 16.40 g and 15.89 to 24.82 g, respectively. The surface color of the different piece grades in the same type of dried ginseng product was similar, whereas the straight ginseng demonstrated a lower level of brightness, but the relative redness and yellowness were of higher levels, than that of curved ginseng.