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Hypodermic-Needle-Like Hollow Polymer Microneedle Array: Fabrication and Characterization
Po-Chun Wang,Seung-Joon Paik,Seong-Hyok Kim,Allen, Mark G. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2014 Journal of microelectromechanical systems Vol. No.
<P>A hollow polymer microneedle array with tips and lumens that mimic conventional hypodermic needles, fabricated using UV lithography, and a single-step micromolding technique, is presented for drug delivery into skin. This 6 × 6 needle array consists of 1-mm tall high-aspect ratio hollow microneedles with sharp beveled tips and 150-μm diameter side-opened lumens. A 2-D lithographic mask pattern and the topography of the micromold are utilized simultaneously to define the geometry of the beveled tip and the position of the lumen. Mechanical insertion and fluidic injection characterization of these hypodermic-needle-like (HNL) microneedles (MNs) were performed using excised porcine skin as a substrate. The required insertion force of an HNL MN is 0.275 N, which is comparable with that of a 26-gauge hypodermic needle, 0.284 N. These results are an order of magnitude reduction in insertion force over pyramidal-tip MNs of comparable diameter previously reported by us. This insertion force reduction confirms that the tip geometry is an important factor in utilization of MNs in these applications. No needle fracture was observed under an optical microscope following the pressing of an HNL MN against excised porcine skin with application force of 50 N. Preliminary manual injection of dye through an HNL MN from a syringe into excised porcine skin verified the injection functionality of HNL MNs. [2013-0219].</P>
A Gain-Adjustable Class AB Bipolar Linear Transconductor
Seong-Hoon Kim,Min-Young An,po Lee,Jin-Woong Jung,Won-Sup Chung,Sang-Hee Son 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
A gain-adjustable class AB bipolar linear transconductor using unity-gain buffers is proposed. It consists of a voltage follower, a resistor, and a gain-adjustable current amplifier. SPICE simulations using an 8 ㎓ bipolar transistorarray parameter show that the linear transconductor with a transconductance of 1 mS exhibits a linearity error of less than ±0.87% over an input voltage range of ±1 V for a supply voltage of ±2.0 V. The temperature coefficient of the trans- conductance is less than ?47 ppm/℃.
Seong-Chun Jo,Ki-Chang Nam,Byoung-Rok Min,Dong-Uk Ahn,Sung-Hwan Cho,Woo-Po PArk,Seung-Cheol Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.10 No.4
The antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts (PM) from the fruit of Prunus mume after liquor manufacturing were determined in a chicken breast meat system. When PM was added to chicken breast meat, 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value at day 3 was decreased by about 25% compared to control meat without PM. PM did not significantly affect the color of chicken meat compared to the control. The amounts of volatile aldehydes and hydrocarbons were decreased by the addition of PM. Hexanal was the predominant volatile compound in the control, accounting for the majority of total volatiles; PM reduced the amount of hexanal to 81% of that in the control meat at 3 days.
찬송가와 독경이 수술실에서 마취전 환자의 불안에 미치는 영향
김성곤,강포순,이예철,임정애 대한마취과학회 1996 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.31 No.6
Background: Most surgical patients experience preoperative anxiety. This anxiety can effect the amount of preanesthetic medication and anesthetic agents needed, and contribute to postoperative pain. Music has been recognized as a way to reduce anxiety and fear. The effect of hymn and sutra-chanting on the preanesthetic patient's anxiety in the operating room were studied. Methods: 98 patients were divided into two groups according to the religionist or atheism. Group I(n=50, religionist) and Group II(n=48, atheism) listened to hymn or sutra-chanting according to the patients religion and choice. At ward, hemodynamic variables including systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were measured as control values. Hemodynamic variables and measurements of anxiety score with Hamilton anxiety rating scale were made at pre-music and post-music in the operating room. Also, patients response to the music was measured on the postoperative 5-6th day. Results: There were no difference between ward, pre-music, and post-music in terms of systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and pulse rate except the systolic pressure at pre-music that is grater than that of controls in both groups. Both group, anxiety score at post-music was significantly lower than that of pre-music (10.2±3.4 vs 4.4±2.9, 11.0±3.2 vs 5.7±3.1). At post-musie, anxiety score in Group I showed significant reduced compaired with Group II (p$lt;0.05). Patients showed relatively good satisfaction with music in both groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that music with hymn and Sutra-chanting were effective to reduce preanesthetic anxiety in both religionist group and atheism group.
Jo, Seong-Chun,Nam, Ki-Chang,Min, Byoung-Rok,Ahn, Dong-Uk,Cho, Sung-Hwan,Park, Woo-Po,Lee, Seung-Cheol The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2005 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.10 No.4
The antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts (PM) from the fruit of Prunus mume after liquor manufacturing were determined in a chicken breast meat system. When PM was added to chicken breast meat, 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value at day 3 was decreased by about $25\%$ compared to control meat without PM. PM did not significantly affect the color of chicken meat compared to the control. The amounts of volatile aldehydes and hydrocarbons were decreased by the addition of PM. Hexanal was the predominant volatile compound in the control, accounting for the majority of total volatiles; PM reduced the amount of hexanal to $81\%$of that in the control meat at 3 days.