Object Motion Tracking using a Moving Direction Estimate and Color Updates

Samuel Henry Chang,심덕선,김희영,최광남 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2012 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.10 No.1

This paper presents a direction detection and tracking object color update algorithm used to track moving objects that change colors. Different from traditional color-based tracking methods, which use an initial color distribution in order to track objects as long as the object carries the full or partial initial color, this method introduces a color update method used to quickly find the new object color in a new location if the object changes its color partially or completely; the updated color is then used to locate the object. In our algorithm, an initial color pattern is used to track an object using the color. During the tracking, an object’s new location is at first estimated and then used to detect any color change. If the color has changed, a new color pattern is updated based on the changes in the previous color distribution, and then the new color pattern is used to calculate the current location of the object. This algorithm utilizes the property that the movement of an object can be estimated either by using the object’s shadow or by background subtraction. The implementation of our algorithm results in an effective real-time object tracking. The validity of the approach is illustrated by the presentation of experiment results obtained using the methods described in this paper.

American MNC`s and the Local Business Environment in Taiwan: Chinese Managers and Foreign Training Programs as Underutilized Resources

( Samuel K. C. Chang ),( Cal Clark ) 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 1993 Pacific Focus Vol.8 No.1

EVALUATION OF DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM USING SEAWATER HEAT SOURCE

Samuel Kim,Jin Young Park,Ki Chang Chang 한국신재생에너지학회 2013 AFORE Vol.2013 No.-

Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Tongue

Samuel Ryu(류삼열),Chang Gul Lee(이창걸),In Kyu Park(박인규),Chang Ok Suh(서창옥),Gwi Eon Kim(김귀언),John J.K.(노준규) 대한방사선종양학회 1987 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.5 No.2

구강 내 설암은 설의 전방 삼분의 이에서 발생하는 것으로 근치적 요법으로는 수술과 방사선 치료가 그 근간을 이루어 왔으며, 같은 병기에서 두 요법간의 완치율은 거의 동일한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 특히 조기병소(T1, T2)에서는 이 두 요법간에 비슷한 국소 퇴치율을 보이므로 치료법의 선택에는 그 치료로 인해 발생하는 기능적 손상 및 미용적 결손을 최소화하는데 역점을 두어야 할 것이다. 그러므로 큰 기능적 손상 없이 용이하게 절제할 수 있는 첨단부 및 배부의 작은 병소를 제외하고 대부분의 조기병소는 방사선 요법으로 정상적인 발성 및 연하작용을 유지하며 치료할 수 있다. 그러나 비교적 진행된 병소(late T2, T3) 중 하부 침윤이 심하지 않으면 방사선 치료만으로 완치될 수 있으며 수술은 방사선 치료 후 재발암의 구원요법으로 유보해 두는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 방사선 치료의 방법으로는 외부 조사법 외에 자입요법 등이 있으나 최대의 국소 퇴치를 위해서는 자입요법이 필수적인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 자입요법으로 치료기간을 단축할 수 있음은 말할 것도 없고 투여되는 선량을 증가시킴으로서 국소 퇴치율의 향상을 기대하고 나아가 생존율을 높일 수 가 있을 것이다. Fourty nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue were reviewed retrospectively for the evaluation of clinical manifestation and for the comparison between therapeutic modalites. The gross shape of the tumor was infiltrative in 22, ulcerative in 12, ad ulcer-oinfiltrative type in 10 patients. Direct extension of the tumor was most commonly to the floor of the mouth. The incidence of nodal metastasis generally increased with tumor stage. 55% of the patients showed neck nodal metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Ipsilateral subdigastric node were most commonly involved, followed by submandibular nodes. The 5-year survival rate of patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy was 58.7% in contrast to 21.6% in radiation alone group. Overall 5-year survival rate was 31% In radiation alone group, half of the patients in stage I, II were locally controlled. But the local control In stage III, IV was much inferior to early lesions. Especially, of 4 patients combined with implantation technique, 3 were completely controlled. 5-year survival rate of these implanted patients was 50%, 49.4% of patients treated over 7,000cGy survived 5 years. This was significant in contrast to 6.4% of the group treated below 7,000cGy. The most common sites of failures were primary sites. In early lesions primary radiotherapy with implantation would be an appropriate treatment in cancer of oral tongue, operation reserved for radiation failure. Operation and adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended in cases of advanced disease.

Needle Tract Implantation after Percutaneous Interventional Procedures in Hepatocellular Carcinomas: Lessons Learned from a 10-year Experience

Samuel Chang,Seong Hyun Kim,임효근,김승훈,이원재,최동일,김영선,임현철 대한영상의학회 2008 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.9 No.3

Percutaneous interventional procedures under image guidance, such as biopsy, ethanol injection therapy, and radiofrequency ablation play important roles in the management of hepatocellular carcinomas. Although uncommon, the procedures may result in tumor implantation along the needle tract, which is a major delayed complication. Implanted tumors usually appear as one or a few, round or oval-shaped, enhancing nodules along the needle tract on CT, from the intraperitoneum through the intercostal or abdominal muscles to the subcutaneous or cutaneous tissues. Radiologists should understand the mechanisms and risk factors of needle tract implantation, minimize this complication, and also pay attention to the presence of implanted tumors along the needle tract during follow-up.

American MNC's and the Local Business Environment in Taiwan : Chinese Managers and Foreign Training Programs as Underutilized Resources

Chang, Samuel K.C.,Clark, Cal Center for International Studies, Inha University 1993 Pacific Focus Vol.8 No.1

간세포암종의 경피 생검 후 발생한 생검경로 이식 1예 ?Abstract, M.D., and M.D

장삼열 ( Samuel Chang ),임효근 ( Hyo Keun Lim ) 대한간학회 2006 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.12 No.3

Causal model of insight and psychopathology based on the PANSS factors: 1-year cross-sectional and longitudinal revalidation.

Hwang, Samuel Suk-Hyun,Chang, Jae Seung,Lee, Kyu Young,Kim, Se Hyun,Ahn, Yong Min,Kim, Yong Sik Clinical Neuroscience Publishers 2009 International clinical psychopharmacology Vol.24 No.4

<P>This study presents results of a 1-year follow-up investigation of the causal model of insight in schizophrenia using a subsample of acute patients starting or switching to amisulpride included in an earlier study. Our causal model of insight based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors, with the positive, negative, and autistic preoccupation factors designated as the primary predictors, and the activation factor as a mediating variable of insight, was examined for fitness at the stabilized stage (8 week) and at the chronic stage (1 year) using the structural equation modeling method. Results showed that the intercorrelations among the factors and regression coefficients toward insight changed in their magnitudes, but the validity of our hypothesized model of insight was still confirmed for both the stages with nearly perfect goodness-of-fitness indices. The fitness of the model was also confirmed for the longitudinal changes in the scores of insight and psychopathology. An alternative model, which included the anxiety/depressive factor as a second mediating variable between insight and the positive and negative factors, was also found to be valid for both the stages. A post-hoc causal model with anxiety/depressive factor showed tentative evidence favoring anxiety/depressive variable predicting insight than the other way around.</P>

Volumetric Parameters Changes of Sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT for Early Prediction of Recurrence and Death in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated With Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy

Kim, Seong-Jang,Chang, Samuel Lippincott 2015 Clinical nuclear medicine Vol.40 No.12

: The goal of the present study was to determine whether volumetric parameters such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) measured by sequential F-FDG PET/CT imaging could be used as prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who received preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: A total 64 patients with LARC patients were included in the current study. All patients were evaluated by F-FDG PET/CT before and after 45 Gy of radiotherapy with concurrent oral capecitabine chemotherapy. Initial, second, and the percent changes ([INCREMENT], %) of semiquantitative and volumetric parameters were used to calculate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The cutoff values of semiquantitative and volumetric parameters were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The prognostic significance was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS: For RFS, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (&khgr; = 10.7, P = 0.002), surgical margin (+) (&khgr; = 3.39, P = 0.037), lymphatic invasion (+) (&khgr; = 6.8, P = 0.0078), RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) (&khgr; = 46.3, P < 0.0001), SUVmax1 (&khgr; = 10.1, P = 0.025), &Dgr;SUVmax (&khgr; = 20.4, P < 0.0001), &Dgr;SUVmean (&khgr; = 28.8, P < 0.0001), MTV1 (&khgr; = 24.1, P < 0.0001), &Dgr;MTV (&khgr; = 27.4, P < 0.0001), TLG1 (&khgr; = 21.9, P < 0.0001), TLG2 (&khgr; = 23.3, P < 0.0001), and &Dgr;TLG (&khgr; = 55.6, P < 0.0001) are associated prognostic factors. For OS, AJCC stage (&khgr; = 6.0, P = 0.021), surgical margin (+) (&khgr; = 3.2, P = 0.042), lymphatic invasion (+) (&khgr; = 3.8, P = 0.048), RECIST (&khgr; = 10.4, P = 0.0015), &Dgr;SUVmax (&khgr; = 6.0, P = 0.013), &Dgr;SUVmean (&khgr; = 10.5, P = 0.0009), MTV1 (&khgr; = 14.5, P = 0.0008), &Dgr;MTV (&khgr; = 14.7, P = 0.0002), TLG1 (&khgr; = 15.8, P = 0.0002), TLG2 (&khgr; = 13.5, P = 0.0006), and &Dgr;TLG (&khgr; = 17.5, P < 0.0001) are potent predictors. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that the initial MTV (MTV1) and &Dgr;TLG were the potent predictors for RFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that MTV on initial pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT and &Dgr;TLG of sequential F-FDG PET/CT after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in LARC patients could provide prognostic information.

Damping index of Doppler hepatic vein waveform to assess the severity of portal hypertension and response to propranolol in liver cirrhosis: a prospective nonrandomized study

Kim, Moon Young,Baik, Soon Koo,Park, Dong Hun,Lim, Dae Wook,Kim, Jae Woo,Kim, Hyun Soo,Kwon, Sang Ok,Kim, Young Ju,Chang, Sei Jin,Lee, Samuel S. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 2007 Liver International Vol. No.

<P>Abstract</P><P>Background and Aims</P><P>Alterations in the Doppler hepatic vein (HV) waveform are associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. We prospectively evaluated the correlation between the extent of abnormal Doppler HV waveforms expressed as damping index (DI) and the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and response to propranolol in patients with cirrhosis.</P><P>Material and Methods</P><P>In 76 patients with cirrhosis (69 men and seven women), both DI of Doppler HV waveform and HVPG were measured, and the relationship between them was analysed. DI was calculated by the minimum velocity/maximum velocity of the HV waveform. An HVPG>12 mmHg was defined as severe portal hypertension. In a subgroup of 19 patients receiving propranolol, changes in both DI and HVPG were evaluated after propranolol administration for 3 months. One author (S. K. B.) performed all DI of Doppler HV waveform studies.</P><P>Results</P><P>Abnormal HV waveforms were seen in 66 of 76 patients (86.8%). DI significantly correlated with the grade of HVPG, i.e. with higher HVPG increased DI was observed (<I>P</I><0.01). By logistic regression analysis, DI>0.6 was significantly more likely to be severe portal hypertension (odds ratio: 14.19, 95% confidence interval: 4.07–49.55). Receiver-operating characteristic curve according to the value of 0.6 of DI showed a sensitivity of 75.9% and a specificity of 81.8% for the presence of severe portal hypertension. In 19 patients of the propranolol subgroup, change of DI following propranolol treatment also significantly correlated with that of HVPG (<I>P</I><0.01).</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>Damping index of the HV waveform by Doppler ultrasonography might be a non-invasive supplementary tool in evaluating the severity of portal hypertension and in responding to propranolol in patients with liver cirrhosis.</P>