양안간 격리증(Orbital hypertelorism)교정을 위한 Major Craniofacial Treatment 의 마취 경험 1 예

박영철,박경숙,김순점,길찬일,신정순,채병국 대한마취과학회 1982 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.15 No.3

It is a well known fact that the major craniofacial operation is a complicated procedure. In this procedure, the operative period is extremely long and blood loss is large, extremely difficult to estimate and continuous into the early postoperative period. The air way should be protected intraoperatively and postoperatively due to frequent airway obstruction. We had experienced of an anesthetic management for correction of hypertelorism. Anesthetic management of this case should focus on reduction intracranial pressure and volume. We had performed neurolept anesthesia with controlled hyperventilation. The careful monitoring and frequent measuring of blood gas analysis, hematocrit, hourly urine output, electrolytes, body temperature, CVP, ECG, and acid-base balance status are recommend. We report a case of anesthetic management for a patient.

트스트랜드 강화 ALS 계 복합재료의 파괴인성 평가

차용훈,김덕종,이연신,성백섭,채경수 한국산업안전학회 1998 한국안전학회지 Vol.13 No.1

It is well known in the fracture mechanics community that the fracture toughness of brittle materials, such as ceramics, can be improved improves significantly when fibers are added into the material. This is because in presence of fibers the cracks cannot propagate as freely as it can in absence of them. Fibers bridge the gap between two adjacent surfaces of the crack and reduce the crack tip opening displacement, thus make it harder to propagate. Several investigators have experimentally studied how the length, diameter and volume fraction of fibers affect the fracture toughness of chopped strand reinforced matrix composite materials. In this paper, matrix used ALS, Arizona Lunar Simulant, types of fiber used carbon steels and stainless steels. To analyze quantitatively fiber reinforced ALS composites, experimental and analytical methods was progressed. Load-displacement curve is used to experimental method, and FEM analysis program using ABAQUS is used analytical method.

CO2 FCAW 에서 용접조건이 Fume 발생량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

채현병,김정한,김희남 한국산업안전학회 1998 한국안전학회지 Vol.13 No.4

The use of flux cored arc welding(FCAW) process has grown dramatically since it has been developed because of the remarkable operating characteristics and the resulting weld properties. The feature that distinguishes the FLAW process from other arc welding processes is the enclosure of fluxing ingredients within a continuously fed tubular electrode. The benefits of FCAW process are the increased productivity due to continuous wire feeding, the metallurgical effects derived from the reactions with flux, and the shapes of weld bead formed by slag. However, FCAW process causes the problem in working environment because it generates much more fume than other welding processes. Recently, the welding fume became a hot issue in the field after some welders were diagnosed as manganese toxcosis and siderosis. This study was started to investigate the characteristics of welding fume and utilize the results from the investigation to protect the welders from welding fume. As a first step, the effect of welding conditions on the fume generation rate(FGR) were investigated during FCAW process with CO₂ shielding. The considered welding conditions were welding current, arc voltage, travel speed, contact tube to work distance, and torch angle. The results showed that FGR. was affected by all of these factors.

Metal - Tubex Combined 탄성 저항운동이 각근 힘효율 , 지면 반력 및 근 특성에 미치는 효과

채홍원 한국운동과학회 2000 운동과학 Vol.9 No.1

Metal-Tubex Combined 탄성저항 운동이 각근 함효휼, 지면 반력 및 근 특성에 미치는 효과. 운동과학. 제 9권 제 1호. (51)-(64), 2000. ERT는 다리의 힘토크와 탄성파워 개선에 이용되는 트레이닝법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 다리 근력과 탄성파워 증강과 ERT가 근조직 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 조사·분석하는데 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 K대학 체육전공학생 14명으로 하였으며 그 신체 특성은 연령, 키, 몸무게 각각 19.0±1.34세, 172.3±2.76㎝, 64.9±3.92㎏이었다. 실험에 채용된 방법은 Metal-Tubex 콤바인 탄성 트레이닝을 8주간 주간빈도 3일, 운동강도 30RM∼50RM×3세트로써 점증과부하법에 의거하여 실행되었다. 다리근 최대 힘토크와 근지구력은 Cybex 340 dynamometer에 의해 트레이닝 실시전과 트레이닝 실행후 측정되었고 근특성 변화 검사는 biopsy기법으로 조사 분석되었다. 실험후 측정된 결과는 종단분석 되었는바, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. <60, <180 등속운동시 다리근 굽히기와 펴주기 최대 힘토크는 8주 ERT 후 각각 유의한 증가(P<.01)를 나타내었고 <240 30RM 등속운동시 다리 굽히기와 펴주기 근지구력은 펴주기는 유의한 증가(P<.01)를 나타내었으나 굽히기는 유의하지 않았으며 폭발적 지면반력은 제1, 제2 도약시 그 성적은 유의한 변화로 증강되었다(P<.05). 근 biopsy 결과는 Type I, Type IIa, Type IIb 근특성 변화는 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았으나 근섬유 1본당 모세혈관수는 Type I과 Type IIa, Type IIb 섬유에서 각각 유의한 증가를 나타내었고(P<.01) 모세혈관 확장 면적도 각각 매우 유의한 증가를 나타내었으나(P<.01) Type IIa 섬유는 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같은 변화는 근조직 특성 변화에 의한 부분적 경우로 추이·해석된다. The Effect on Muscular Peak Torque, Reaction Force and Muscular structure in Chronic Adaptation of Elasticity Resistive Training. Exercise Science, 9(1): 51-64, 2000. The elasticity resistive training(ERT) is popular for improvement of leg muscle peak torque and elastic recoil power. The purpose of this study was to investigate ERT affected muscle morphological characteristic with the enhancement of leg elastic power. Subjects were 14 college students who majored in physical education. Their age, height, and body weight were 19.0±1.34 years old, 172.3±2.76㎝, and 64.9±3.92㎏, respectively. The training methods was "30RM∼50RM × 3 set" intensity on every three days per week for 8 week progressive overload method at metal-tubex tension combined exercises. The leg muscle peak torque and leg muscle endurance at cybex 340 dynamometer were measured prior to end after training. To determine any changes of muscle characteristics, muscle biopsy was performed. The every record was measured pre-post test with longitudinal analysis. The results of which are as follows; Flexion peak torques at <60 and <180 were significantly improved after 8-week ERT, and all extension peak torque was nonsignificantly changed(p<.01), respectively. Leg endurance in flexion was significantly improved, and right leg endurance in extension was only enhanced. Explosive reaction force at 1st and 2nd force platform jump was significantly changed(p<.05), respectively. At the results of muscle biopsy, the percentage of each muscle fiber was changed, but the area of type I and type II a, type II b fiber was significantly increased after 8 week ERT. The number of capillary per muscle fiber was significantly increased at type I and type II b fiber and diffusion area per capillary was significantly changed(p<.01), respectively, but type II a fiber was not changed for diffusion area. This enhancement was party ceased by the changes of muscle characteristics.

Arc 용접시 Fume 발생량 평가에 관한 연구

채현병,김정한,김희남 한국산업안전학회 1998 한국안전학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The cases of welders illness by welding fume generated during arc welding are recently reported, which makes the legal regulation in the welding work place. Also, this situation makes the employers and welders be concerned about the welding fume seriously. At this point of time it is necessary that a standard testing method is developed as a fundamental tool for the evaluation of Fume Generation Rate(FGR) required for making progress in the development of low fume electrodes and welding process technology and also constructing the ventilation system in welding area. However, the current standard(KS D 0062) is only applicable to the manual covered electrode arc welding. In this study the evaluation procedure for the FGR is established by developing the fume collection chamber which can be applicable to semiautomatic and automatic arc welding as well as manual arc welding. This evaluation system and procedure can be used as a tool not only to develop the low fume welding electrode and welding process technology but also to construct the equipment controlling the welding workshop atmosphere.

자돈의 아미노산 회장소화율

김지훈,채병조,한인규,조원탁 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

양돈사료 배합에 있어 아미노산을 균형있게 공급하기 위해서는 사료내 아미노산 소화율은 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 진정 혹은 외관상 회장 가소화 아미노산 요구량은 총 아미노산 요구량보다 낮게 나타나는데 80∼90%에 해당한다. 회장 가소화 아미노산은 실제 동물이 이용할 수 있는 아미노산의 양에 근접하기 때문에 이에 근거한 사료배합은 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 일반적으로 단백질 공급원의 단백질 회장 소화율은 정상이유자돈이 조기이유자돈보다 높은데, 대두제품 특히 대두박 또는 정제 대두박의 경우에 그렇다. 사료내 아미노산의 회장소화율은 돼지의 연령, 사료의 영양소 수준, 내생 아미노산, 항영양인자 및 사료가공과 사료의 물리화학적 성상에 따라 좌우된다. Knowledges of digestibility of amino acids in feedstuffs and requirements of amino acids based on digestibility are very important in formulating diets to provide adequate levels of amino acids to swine. The requirements based on a true or apparent ileal digestibility is lower than those based on a total basis. 80∼90% of the total requirement is the digestible requirement. Applicability of ileal digestibility values in diet formulation is reasonable, since these values account for the endogenous cost of digestion of a feedstuff. Ileal digestibilities of protein sources were generally higher in conventionally weaned pigs than in early weaned pigs, especially for soybean products such as soybean meal and isolated soy protein. Reported factors influencing ileal digestibility of amino acids in feedstuffs are age of pigs, levels of diet and nutrients in the feeds, endogenous amino acids, antinutritional factors, feed processing and physical and chemical properties of feeds, etc.

점증적인 운동 후 수영 선수의 폐기능 변화

조홍관,채정룡 한국운동과학회 2000 운동과학 Vol.9 No.1

점증적인 운동 후 수영 선수의 폐기능 변화. 운동과학. 제 9권 제 1호. (41)-(50), 2000. 대학 수영 선수들의 운동 후 폐기능 변화를 알아보기 위하여, 14명의 일반학생과 10명의 수영선수들을 대상으로 폐기능 테스트인 노력성 폐활량, 노력성 호기량 1초치, 최대호기유속 및 노력성 호기유속 등을 측정하였다. 노력성폐활량은 안정시, 운동 후에 각각 운동선수가 비운동선수보다 다소 증가를 보이거나 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 노력성 호기량은 안정시, 예비운동 후, 운동 후 등에서 각각 운동선수가 비운동선수보다 높았고, 이에 따라 노력성 호기량 1초치도 역시 운동선수가 비운동선수보다 높게 나타났다. 최대호기유속 및 노력성 호기유속 등은 운동 후에 FEF_(25%)만이 운동선수가 비운동선수에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 비운동선수는 오히려 감소하거나 비슷한 수준을 나타냈다. 또한 운동시간 경과에 따른 변화는 운동선수가 다소 증가한 반면, 비운동선수는 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 체력단련이나 지구력 훈련을 통하여 노력성 폐활량은 증가하지 않는다는 선행연구들과 달리 운동선수가 다소 높거나 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. The change of pulmonary function after graded exercise in swimmers. Exercise science, 9(1): 41-50, 2000. In order to investigate of the pulmonary functions after exercise in non-athletes and athletes, 10 male athletes from swimming were tested with 14 male college students. Pulmonary function test of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, and forced expiratory flow were performed using the spiro-analyzer test system. Followings were obtained by tests and analyses : 1. Forced vital capacity(FVC) of resting had significant difference between athletes of 4.88±0.20ℓ and non-athletes of 4.22±0.21ℓ (p <.05). After exercise FVC were higher than resting both in non-athletes(4.18±0.24ℓ) and in athletes(5.12±0.20ℓ, p< .05) respectively. 2. Forced expiratory volume for 1 second(FEV₁) of resting showed significant difference between athletes of 4.41±0.28ℓ and non-athletes of 3.61±0.19ℓ (p< .05). On this, FEV_(1%) also came out difference between athletes of 90.37±3.89% and non-athletes of 85.55±4.10%. After exercise FEV₁ were lower than resting or were much the same as resting in non-athletes(3.34±0.41ℓ) and athletes(4.69±0.16ℓ) respectively. 3. After exercise FEV_(25%) only was revealed significant difference between athletes of 7.54±0.76ℓ/sec and non-athletes of 4.98±0.44ℓ/sec(p< .05) whereas, PEFR, FEF_(50%) and FEF_(75%) male no difference between the two.

돼지에서의 회장소화율 측정기술

김지훈,채병조,한인규 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

지난 30년간 양돈사료의 회장 소화율측정기술 개발이 이루어졌다. 돼지의 회장소화율 측정방법이 다양하게 개발되었고, 각각의 방법에 대한 장단점이 알려졌다. 본고에서는 도체분석법, T-cannula 방법, re-entrant cannula 방법, ileo-rectal anastomosis 방법, mobile nylon bag 방법, in vitro 방법 NIR (Near Infrared Reflectance) 방법과 같은 회장소화율 측정 방법에 대해 각각의 장단점을 비교해 보고자 한다. 또한 회장소화율에 미치는 요인에 대해 간단히 살펴보았다. 최근 학계에서는 내생질소를 고려한 진정소화율에 관한 연구가 진행 중에 있으며, 내생질소를 정량하기 위한 몇 가지 방법들이 제안되었다. 그러나 아직 내생질소를 정확히 측정할 수 있는 방법은 제안되지 않았다. 다양한 방법에 의해 측정된 회장 소화율을 실제 사료배합에 적용하기 위해서는 아직도 많은 연구가 필요하다. Considerable development has been achieved concerning the ileal digestibility of feedstuffs in swine diets for the last three decades. A numerous methods were devised to measure ileal digestibility in pigs and each has their advantages and drawbacks. Some major skills and their merits and demerits are reviewed in this report. Those are slaughter technique, T-piece cannula, re-entrant cannula, ileo-rectal anastomosis, mobile nylon bag technique, in vitro approaches and near infrared reflectance. There are also some concerns about the factors affecting the digestibility in pigs. These are also briefly reviewed in this report. Presently, scientists are trying to obtain true ileal digestibility that is not biased by endogenous nitrogen compounds. Several techniques have been proposed to estimate the amount of endogenous nitrogen compounds. So far, no technique provides absolutely correct values. A lot of works are still required to validate the values obtained with different technique to extrapolate these values into practical swine diet formulation.

오스테나이트계 Fe-25Mn-Al-0.5C 강의 피로성질에 미치는 Al 첨가의 영향

도정호,권숙인,전채홍 한국열처리공학회 1998 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

The effect of Al addition on the fatigue properties of austenitic Fe-25Mn-Al-0.5C steels was studied. When Al was not added to the Fe-25Mn 0.5C steel. the strain induced ε martensites, deformation twins and slip bands were formed during fatigue deformation. When 2wt% of Al was added to the steel, the deformation twins and slip bands were formed during fatigue deformation. When 5wt% of Al was added, only slip bands were formed. In low cycle fatigue test, the alloys containing 0wt% and 2wt%Al showed the cyclic hardening due to ε martensites and deformation twins, resulting in shorter fatigue lives than the alloy containing 5wt%Al. In fatigue crack propagation test, the alloy without Al showed the highest crack propagation rate. The fracture surface of the alloy without Al was flat, whereas that of the alloy with 2% or 5%Al was rough. The ΔK_(th), values of the alloys with 0%, 2% and 5%Al were 16, 17.5, and 20.5 MPam^(1/2), respectively.

몰리브덴인산화물에서의 3- 피콜린의 가암모니아 산화반응 속도론

장태선,이동구,조득희,신채호,이영길 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.35 No.3

수용액상에서 몰리브덴산암모늄염과 인산의 반응으로 P/Mo=1.0의 비율을 가진 몰리브덴인산화물을 제조하였다. 제조한 몰리브덴인산화물을 촉매로 사용하여 상압하에서 3-피콜린의 가암모니아 산화반응을 수행하였으며, 3-피콜린, 산소, 암모니아의 각각의 분압과 반응온도의 영향을 살펴보았다. 본 실험조건하에서 촉매활성은 반응 300시간까지는 계속적인 활성증가가 있었고 이후 500시간까지 안정상태를 유지하였다. 안정화 상태에서의 3-피콜린의 반응 속도식은 -r=kP₃_pP^0_(NH₃) P^γ_(o₂)[γ=0.2;0.25≤P_(o₂)(㎪)≤:5γ=0;5≤P_(o₂)(㎪)]으로 3-피콜린에 대해서는 1차, 암모니아에 대해서는 0차이었으며, 산소에 대해서는 0차와 0.2차로 구간에 따라 차이가 있었다. 3-피콜린의 전환율 증가에 따라 3-시아노피리딘의 선택도가 증가하였으며 동시에 아미드와 산의 선택도는 감소하였다. Molybdenum phosphate(P/Mo=1.0) has been synthesized with ammonium molybdate and phosphoric acid under aqueous solution. The kinetics of ammoxidation of 3-picoline over the molybdenum phosphate catalyst were investigated with the variation of reaction temperature and partial pressure of 3-picoline, oxygen, and ammonia, respectively at atmospheric pressure. The catalytic activity was increased until 300 hrs on stream and then maintained until 500 hrs on stream under our experimental conditions, At the steady-state conditions, the rate equation of 3-picoline ammoxidation was shown as -r=kP₃_pP^0_(NH₃) P^γ_(o₂)[γ=0.2;0.25≤P_(o₂)(㎪)≤:5γ=0;5≤P_(o₂)(㎪)]. The correlation between the conversion of 3-picoline and the selectivity of 3-cyanopyridine had the proportional relationship. As the selectivity of 3-cyanopyridine increases, the selectivity of amide and acid decreases.