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Inequality of effort in an egalitarian education system
Ryoji Matsuoka 서울대학교 교육연구소 2017 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.18 No.3
Japanese compulsory education is considered as relatively egalitarian since poorer regions receive more funding from the central government, which standardizes the quality of education nationwide. Nevertheless, the literature indicates socioeconomic status-based achievement and educational attainment gaps. As parts of explanations of these gaps, previous studies have indicated an association between students’ socioeconomic status and their study efforts, or inequality of effort. This study is the first to assess this phenomenon while the most critical mass education selection in Japan is approaching, building on relevant theoretical frameworks regarding educational expectations, including anticipatory socialization. To investigate inequality of effort among ninth-grade students, the study also examines the differences between students’ neighborhoods on the basis of mechanisms of neighborhood inequalities (i.e., social contagion and collective socialization). Overall, using multilevel modeling with nationally representative data from Japan, this study provides empirical evidence for inequality of effort and the role of post-secondary educational expectations at both the individual and neighborhood levels. This inequality of effort is observed despite the pressure that occurs about three months before the period of selections by high schools. In particular, students from advantaged families and community environments expect to pursue higher education and therefore tend to spend longer hours studying, whereas those from disadvantaged families and communities exert less effort. As Japan is not the only country where the relation between students’ socioeconomic status and efforts is evident, this study’s results may be applied to other societies to better understand mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of inequality.
Changes of Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Tissues of Mice treated with Methylmercury
Ryoji, Tamamoto,Kimiaki, Sumino,Lee, Myeong Jin,Lee, Won Chang,Kim, Jin Suk 대한보건협회 1992 대한보건연구 Vol.18 No.2
메칠水銀(Methylmercury)을 經口投與한 마우스 組織內 SOD(superoxide dismutase)活性의 變化를 觀察한바, 腎臟內의 메칠水銀과 總水銀分布는 初回 및 再投與 모두에서 他臟器의 水準 보다 높았다(p<0 05). 그리고 腦, 肝 및 腎臟組織內의 SOD活性은 메칠水銀의 初回投與에서 減少됨을 보였으나, 實驗末期에는 實驗前의 水準으로 恢復되었다. 腦組織中의 SOD活性은 肝과 腎臟에서의 그것보다 메칠水銀의 量이 낮은 水準에서 抑制되고 있었다. (p<0.05) Methylmercury(MeHg) shows remarkable toxicity in the central nervous system. while the living systems have specific protective action reacted with enzymes like as quenching systems to peroxidation. The change of superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was examined in tissues of mice treated with MeHg. Kidneys contained the higest concentration of MeHg and total mercury leves compared to those in other tissues after one or reapeted administration of MeHg. Activity of SOD in brain, liver and kidneys were decreased with an increase of mercurial concentrations at the first stage after MeHg administration but got back to normal levels at the end of experiment. The SOD activity in the brain was inhibited at comparatively lower leyels of MeHg than those in liver and kidneys(p<0.05).
Ryoji Sahara,Hiroshi Mizuseki,Kaoru Ohno,Yoshiyuki Kawazoe 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.4
Temperature dependence of the bulk modulus in five fcc metals are analyzed by using a fcc lattice-gas model. To treat actual systems as quantitatively as possible, we introduce two empirical potentials, which have been widely used for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The potentials are mapped onto the fcc lattice by using the potential renormalization technique, which gives a reasonable way to map interatomic potentials, such as MD potentials, onto lattice models, in order to overcome the shortcomings of lattice-gas models of neglecting the internal entropy of the system. By comparing the results with experimental, MD and first-principles data, the renormalized potential is found to reproduce the temperature dependence of the bulk modulus well. Temperature dependence of the bulk modulus in five fcc metals are analyzed by using a fcc lattice-gas model. To treat actual systems as quantitatively as possible, we introduce two empirical potentials, which have been widely used for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The potentials are mapped onto the fcc lattice by using the potential renormalization technique, which gives a reasonable way to map interatomic potentials, such as MD potentials, onto lattice models, in order to overcome the shortcomings of lattice-gas models of neglecting the internal entropy of the system. By comparing the results with experimental, MD and first-principles data, the renormalized potential is found to reproduce the temperature dependence of the bulk modulus well.
Effectiveness of Priority Control Method by Using Cgroups in KVM
Ryoji Kinoshita,Hideaki Moriyama,Yohei Ishikawa,Akira Suganuma 대한전자공학회 2015 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2015 No.6
Recently, the performance of CPUs is improving by the technology of integrating circuits. By this improving, CPUs satisfies the demand which is needed for executing software on the computer. Therefore, CPUs aren’t always used fully. To use CPU more efficiently, the virtualization technology is used in various situations such as Web service, database service, cloud computing service, and so on. In this technology, users can integrate plural VMs (Virtual Machines) on one physical computer. However, when the number of processor cores is less than the number of VMs, the scheduler can’t concurrently allocate the CPU to all VMs. In this situation, each VM is allocated the CPU by the time sharing. Therefore, when all processor cores are allocated to other executions, the executable VM waits for allocating the CPU. This situation becomes the problem when the CPU is needed for real time processing on the VM, which is ready to execute. To solve this problem, we proposed Priority Control Method, which enables us to control allocating the CPU resources for each VM. Moreover, we evaluated the effectiveness of Priority Control Method by using the priority of the process before. However, we didn’t evaluate this method in Fedora 20 that is latest version of Fedora. Moreover, Fedora 20 has cgroups (Control Groups) that is the function of managing resources. Cgroups includes the function for the control of allocating the CPU to each VM. In this paper, we describe the effectiveness of Priority Control Method with KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine), which is one of methods for the virtualization of the computer. Moreover, we describe the evaluation that we tried to control allocating CPU for VMs by using cgroups in KVM.