Surface Treatment of Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) Condensation Plates

Rachel Ananda Harianto,Rio Aryapratama,Seockheon Lee,Wonjin Jo,Heon Ju Lee 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.5

Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) is one of several technologies that can be used to solve problems fresh water availability. AGMD exhibits several advantages, including low conductive heat loss and higher thermal efficiency, due to the presence of an air gap between the membrane and condensation wall. A previous study by Bhardwaj found that the condensation surface properties (materials and contact angle) affected the total collected fresh water in the solar distillation process. However, the process condition differences between solar distillation and AGMD might result in different condensation phenomena. In contrast, N. Miljkovic showed that a hydrophobic surface has higher condensation heat transfer. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study that investigates the effect of condensation surface properties in AGMD to overall process performance (i.e. flux and thermal efficiency). Thus, in this study, we treated the AGMD condensation surface to make it hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The condensation surface could be made hydrophilic by immersing and boiling plate in deionized (DI) water, which caused the formation of hydrophilic aluminum hydroxide (AlOOH) nanostructures. Afterwards, the treated plate was coated using hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The result indicated that condensation surface properties do not affect the permeate flux or thermal efficiency significantly. In general, the permeate flux and thermal efficiency for the treated plates were lower than those of the non-treated plate (pristine). However, at a 1 mm and 3 mm air gap, the treated plate outperformed the non-treated plate (pristine) in terms of permeate flux. Therefore, although surface wettability effect was not significant, it still provided a little influence.

Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: Evaluation and Management

Rachel U. Lee,Donald D. Stevenson 대한천식알레르기학회 2011 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.3 No.1

The clinical syndrome of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a condition where inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) induces attacks of upper and lower airway reactions, including rhinorrhea and varying degrees of bronchospasm and laryngospasm. Although the reaction is not IgEmediated,patients can also present with anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions, including hypotension, after exposure to COX-1 inhibiting drugs. All patients with AERD have underlying nasal polyps and intractable sinus disease which may be difficult to treat with standard medical and surgical interventions. This review article focuses on the management of AERD patients with a particular emphasis on aspirin desensitization and continuous treatment with aspirin.

Failure mode and effects analysis drastically reduced potential risks in clinical trial conduct

Lee, Howard,Lee, Heechan,Baik, Jungmi,Kim, Hyunjung,Kim, Rachel Dove Medical Press 2017 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.11 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a risk management tool to proactively identify and assess the causes and effects of potential failures in a system, thereby preventing them from happening. The objective of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of FMEA applied to an academic clinical trial center in a tertiary care setting.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A multidisciplinary FMEA focus group at the Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Trials Center selected 6 core clinical trial processes, for which potential failure modes were identified and their risk priority number (RPN) was assessed. Remedial action plans for high-risk failure modes (RPN >160) were devised and a follow-up RPN scoring was conducted a year later.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 114 failure modes were identified with an RPN score ranging 3–378, which was mainly driven by the severity score. Fourteen failure modes were of high risk, 11 of which were addressed by remedial actions. Rescoring showed a dramatic improvement attributed to reduction in the occurrence and detection scores by >3 and >2 points, respectively.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>FMEA is a powerful tool to improve quality in clinical trials. The Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Trials Center is expanding its FMEA capability to other core clinical trial processes.</P>

무문토기시대 가구(家口) 연구 : 미세형태학적 분석을 통해서

Rachel Lee,윤호필(Ho-Pil Yun),박용근(Yong-Geun Park) 한국고고학회 2013 한국고고학전국대회 발표문 Vol.- No.37

A small lunar swirl and its implications for the formation of the Reiner Gamma magnetic anomaly

Lee, Jung-Kyu,Maxwell, Rachel,Jin, Ho,Baek, Seul-Min,Ghassemi, Omid,Kelley, Megan,Lee, Hyojeong,Kim, Khan-Hyuk,Lee, Seongwhan,Garrick-Bethell, Ian Elsevier 2019 Icarus Vol.319 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Moon does not currently possess a dynamo, but its crust contains numerous magnetic anomalies detected from orbit. The geologic origins of these anomalies are still unknown, including the archetypal Reiner Gamma magnetic anomaly. To gain insight, we study a small magnetic anomaly, herein called the octopus, which is possibly associated with Reiner Gamma. The octopus has curving bright albedo patterns characteristic of features known as swirls. We use high cadence 9 Hz Lunar Prospector magnetometer data, along with constraints provided by this swirl's albedo pattern, to perform inversions for the swirl's magnetic source body characteristics. We use three different inversion methods, and they all return similar results. We also estimate the depth of magnetization from characteristics of the horizontal component of the magnetic field and the albedo pattern. We find that performing inversion for source body properties at small swirls has advantages compared to larger anomalies, or anomalies without albedo markings. We find the octopus is magnetized in the same direction as the main Reiner Gamma anomaly (within 1<I>σ</I> uncertainties), suggesting they formed contemporaneously. The large spatial distance between these coeval anomalies and their inferred shallow source body depths are compatible with formation in a hot ejecta deposit that cooled in the presence of a dynamo field, as suggested by <I>Hood</I> et al. (2001). However, a key remaining enigma is why the northeastern Reiner Gamma “tail” formation has a magnetization direction ∼60° different from the main body and octopus.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We study one of the smallest lunar magnetic anomalies using 9 Hz magnetometer data. </LI> <LI> We use three different inversion methods to determine its magnetization. </LI> <LI> We find its magnetization direction is nearly equal to that of the Reiner Gamma anomaly. </LI> <LI> We infer that this anomaly and Reiner Gamma formed at the same time. </LI> <LI> We infer these anomalies likely formed as an ejecta deposit magnetized by a dynamo field. </LI> </UL> </P>

Surface Treatment of Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) Condensation Plates: Techniques and Influences on Module Performance

Harianto, Rachel Ananda,Aryapratama, Rio,Lee, Seockheon,Jo, Wonjin,Lee, Heon Ju The Korean Vacuum Society 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.5

Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) is one of several technologies that can be used to solve problems fresh water availability. AGMD exhibits several advantages, including low conductive heat loss and higher thermal efficiency, due to the presence of an air gap between the membrane and condensation wall. A previous study by Bhardwaj found that the condensation surface properties (materials and contact angle) affected the total collected fresh water in the solar distillation process. However, the process condition differences between solar distillation and AGMD might result in different condensation phenomena. In contrast, N. Miljkovic showed that a hydrophobic surface has higher condensation heat transfer. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study that investigates the effect of condensation surface properties in AGMD to overall process performance (i.e. flux and thermal efficiency). Thus, in this study, we treated the AGMD condensation surface to make it hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The condensation surface could be made hydrophilic by immersing and boiling plate in deionized (DI) water, which caused the formation of hydrophilic aluminum hydroxide (AlOOH) nanostructures. Afterwards, the treated plate was coated using hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The result indicated that condensation surface properties do not affect the permeate flux or thermal efficiency significantly. In general, the permeate flux and thermal efficiency for the treated plates were lower than those of the non-treated plate (pristine). However, at a 1 mm and 3 mm air gap, the treated plate outperformed the non-treated plate (pristine) in terms of permeate flux. Therefore, although surface wettability effect was not significant, it still provided a little influence.

Identification of the <i>MUC2</i> Promoter as a Strong Promoter for Intestinal Gene Expression through Generation of Transgenic Quail Expressing GFP in Gut Epithelial Cells

Woodfint, Rachel M.,Chen, Paula R.,Ahn, Jinsoo,Suh, Yeunsu,Hwang, Seongsoo,Lee, Sang Suk,Lee, Kichoon MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.1

<P>Identification of tissue- and stage-specific gene promoters is valuable for delineating the functional roles of specific genes in genetically engineered animals. Here, through the comparison of gene expression in different tissues by analysis of a microarray database, the intestinal specificity of mucin 2 (<I>MUC2</I>) expression was identified in mice and humans, and further confirmed in chickens by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) analysis. An analysis of <I>cis</I>-acting elements in avian <I>MUC2</I> gene promoters revealed conservation of binding sites, within a 2.9 kb proximal promoter region, for transcription factors such as caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4A), and transcription factor 4 (TCF4) that are important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and functional integrity. By generating transgenic quail, we demonstrated that the 2.9 kb chicken <I>MUC2</I> promoter could drive green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter expression exclusively in the small intestine, large intestine, and ceca. Fluorescence image analysis further revealed GFP expression in intestine epithelial cells. The GFP expression was barely detectable in the embryonic intestine, but increased during post-hatch development. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of the reporter gene confirmed that the 2.9 kb <I>MUC2</I> promoter could retain the regulatory element to drive expression of target genes in intestinal tissues after hatching. This new transgene expression system, using the <I>MUC2</I> promoter, will provide a new method of overexpressing target genes to study gene function in the avian intestine.</P>

Comparison of Breast Feeding Trends in Urban Versus Rural Areas: Recommendations to Improve Breast Feeding in Rural America

Lee, Connie W.,Willoughby, Deborah,Mayo, Rachel Korean Society of Women Health Nursing 2005 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Breast feeding can play a very important role in the development of strong, healthy children. Many studies over the years have shown that breast milk provides defense against common ailments of childhood such as otitis media, gastrointestinal distress, and atopic diseases (allergies). For these reasons the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breast feeding for at least the first twelve months of an infant's life. Goals of the Health People 2010 Initiative include that at least 75% of mothers will be breast feeding upon discharge from the hospital and at least 50% will be still nursing at six months post-partum. Currently, about 60% of new mothers initiate breast feeding and about 26% are still breast feeding at six months. However, research has shown that breast feeding trends are below these averages in rural areas of the United States. This may be due in part to lack of breast feeding knowledge and teaching in rural areas. Rural hospitals and birthing centers have not initiated many of the breast feeding promotional programs, such as the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and Best Start, that have been successful in improving breast feeding trends in urban areas. Often new mothers who live in rural areas do not have access to a lactation consultant to help them with proper follow up. This paper will examine these concerns and propose recommendations to improve breast feeding in rural areas.

The Wilms Tumor Suppressor WT1 Encodes a Transcriptional Activator of Amphiregulin

Lee, Sean-Bong,Huang, Karen,Palmer, Rachel,Truong, Vivi B,Doris Herzlinger,Kolquist, Kathryn A.,Wong, Jenise,Paulding, Charles,Woon, Seung-Kew,Gerald, William,Oliner, JonathanD.,Haber, Daniel A. 가톨릭대학교 2000 Bulletin of The Catholic Research Institutes of Me Vol.28 No.-

WT1 encodes a zinc finger transcription factor implicated in kidney differentiation and tumorigenesis. In reporter assays, WT1 represses transcription from GC- and TC-rich promoters, but its physiological targets remain uncertain. We used hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays to search for native genes whose expression is altered following inducible expression of WT1. The major target of WT1 was amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor family. The WT1(-KTS) isoform binds directly to the amphiregulin promoter, resulting in potent transcriptional activation. The in vivo expression profile of amphiregulin during fetal kidney development mirrors the highly specific pattern of WT1 itself, and recombinant Amphiregulin stimulates epithelial branching in organ cultures of embryonic mouse kidney. These observations suggest a model for WT1 as a transcriptional regulator during kidney differentiation. (Cell 98:663-673, 1999)

Mortality predictors in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy

( Kristianne Rachel P. Medina-liabres ),( Jong Cheol Jeong ),( Hyung Jung Oh ),( Jung Nam An ),( Jung Pyo Lee ),( Dong Ki Kim ),( Dong-ryeol Ryu ),( Sejoong Kim ) 대한신장학회 2021 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.40 No.3

Background: Because of high cost of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and the high mortality rate among severe acute kidney injury patients, careful identification of patients who will benefit from CRRT is warranted. This study determined factors associ-ated with mortality among critically ill patients requiring CRRT. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 414 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of four hospitals in South Korea who received CRRT from June 2017 to September 2018. Patients were divided according to degree of fluid overload (FO) and disease severity. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the effect of relevant variables on mortality. Results: In-hospital mortality rate was 57.2%. Ninety-day mortality rate was 58.5%. Lower creatinine and blood pH were significant predictors of mortality. A one-unit increase in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was associated with increased risk of and 90-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; p < 0.001). The risk of 90-day mortality in FO patients was 57.2% (p < 0.001) higher than in those without FO. High SOFA score was associated with increased risk for 90-day mortality (HR, 1.79; p = 0.03 and HR, 3.05; p = 0.001) in patients without FO and with FO ≤ 10%, respectively. The highest mortality rates were in patients with FO > 10%, independent of disease severity. Conclusion: FO increases the risk of mortality independent of other factors, including severity of acute illness. Prevention of FO should be a priority, especially when managing the critically ill.