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Modelling of strains in reinforced concrete flexural members using alpha-stable distribution
K. Balaji Rao,M. B. Anoop,K. Kesavan,S. R. Balasubramanian,K. Ravisankar,Nagesh R. Iyer 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2013 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.11 No.5
Large fluctuations in surface strain at the level of steel are expected in reinforced concrete flexural members at a given stage of loading due to the emergent structure (emergence of new crack patterns). This has been identified in developing deterministic constitutive models for finite element applications in Ibrahimbegovic et al. (2010). The aim of this paper is to identify a suitable probability distribution for describing the large deviations at far from equilibrium points due to emergent structures, based on phenomenological, thermodynamic and statistical considerations. Motivated by the investigations reported by Prigogine (1978) and Rubi (2008), distributions with heavy tails (namely, alpha-stable distributions) are proposed for modeling the variations in strain in reinforced concrete flexural members to account for the large fluctuations. The applicability of alpha-stable distributions at or in the neighborhood of far from equilibrium points is examined based on the results obtained from carefully planned experimental investigations, on seven reinforced concrete flexural members. It is found that alpha-stable distribution performs better than normal distribution for modeling the observed surface strains in reinforced concrete flexural members at these points.
G. R. KANNAN,K. R. BALASUBRAMANIAN,R. ANAND 한국자동차공학회 2013 International journal of automotive technology Vol.14 No.4
This study intends to predict the influence of injection pressure and injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking palm oil based biodiesel using the artificial neural network (ANN) model. To acquire data for training and testing in the proposed ANN, experiments were carried out in a single cylinder, four stroke direct injection diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and at full load (100%) condition. From the experimental results, it was observed that waste cooking palm oil methyl ester provided better engine performance and improved emission and combustion characteristics at injection pressure of 280 bar and timing of 25.5o bTDC. An ANN model was developed using the data acquired from the experiments. Training of ANN was performed based on back propagation learning algorithm. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) network was used for non-linear mapping of the input and output parameters. Among the various networks tested the network with two hidden layers and 11 neurons gave better correlation coefficient for the prediction of engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The ANN model was validated with the test data which was not used for training and was found to be very well correlated.
Characteristics of pulse plated CdxZn1−xSe films
K.R. Murali,M. Balasubramanian 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.3
CdxZn1-xSe films (0≤ x ≤ 1) were deposited for the first time by the pulse plating technique at different duty cycles in the range 6–50% at room temperature from an aqueous bath containing zinc sulphate, cadmium sulphate and selenium oxide. To the author’s knowledge this is the first report on pulse plated CdxZn1-xSe films. The deposition potential was 0.9 V (SCE). The as deposited films exhibited cubic structure. Composition of the films was estimated by Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray studies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies indicated the binding energies corresponding to Zn(2p3/2), Cd(3d5/2 and 3d3/2) and Se(3d5/2 and 3d3/2). Optical band gap of the films varied from 1.72 to 2.70 eV as the composition varied from CdSe to ZnSe side. Atomic force microscopy studies indicated grain size in the range of 20–150 nm.
S. R. Balasubramanian,K. Balaji Rao,Dhiman Basu,M. B. Anoop,C. V. Vaidyanathan 대한토목학회 2011 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.15 No.2
From a review of literature, it is found that while few methods are proposed by various researchers for estimation of lateral stiffness of brick masonry walls with openings, these methods are suitable for strong spandrel-weak pier condition. For weak spandrel-strong pier condition, these methods over estimate the stiffness. An improved method for estimation of stiffness of brick masonry shear walls with opening is presented in this paper. For the weak spandrel-strong pier condition, they overestimate the stiffness of the wall. The proposed method is applicable to both strong spandrel-weak pier and weak spandrel-strong pier conditions. It has been observed that the results of the proposed method are generally in good agreement with the results of finite element analysis and experimental results and are better than the other methods available in literature.
( A. K. Lakshminarayanan ),( V. Balasubramanian ),( R. Varahamoorthy ),( S. Babu ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2008 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.14 No.6
Control of dilution is important in hardfacing, where low dilution is typically desirable. At present, most fabrication industries use shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding and submerged arc welding processes for hardfacing purposes. In these processes, the percentage of the dilution level is higher, ranging between 10 % and 30 %. In Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) hardfacing, a solidified metallurgical bond between the deposit and the substrate is obtained with minimum dilution (less than 10 %). This paper highlights the application of response surface methodology to predict and optimize the percentage of the dilution of a cobalt-based hardfaced surface produced by the PTA process. Experiments were conducted based on a fully replicable five-factor, five-level central composite rotatable design and a mathematical model was developed using response surface methodology. Furthermore, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters that yield the lowest percentage of dilution.
Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions of a Class of Second Order Quasilinear Difference Equations
E. Thandapani,S. Pandian,R. K. Balasubramanian 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2004 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.44 No.2
In this paper, we study asymptotic behavior of solutions of a class of second order quasilinear difference equations. All proper solutions are classfied into four types by means of their asymptotic behavior. Necessary and / or suffcient conditions are given for such equations to have solutions of each of the four types.