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Chu, Jia-Qi,Jing, Kai-Peng,Gao, Xiang,Li, Peng,Huang, Rui,Niu, Yan-Ru,Yan, Shou-Quan,Kong, Jun-Chao,Yu, Cai-Yuan,Shi, Ge,Fan, Yi-Ming,Lee, Young-Ha,Zhou, Yu,Quan, Juan-Hua Landes Bioscience 2017 Cell Cycle Vol.16 No.5
<P>Autophagy and apoptosis are critical for controlling Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection. T. gondii infection during pregnancy can damage the fetus and cause birth defects; however, the molecular mechanisms of this process are poorly understood. This study aims to determine the activities of autophagy and apoptosis as well as their regulatory mechanisms during T. gondii infection by using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) as a model of congenital diseases. LC3B, a hallmark protein of autophagy was incrementally upregulated with the infection duration, whereas p62 was downregulated in T. gondii-infected hUC-MSCs. Concurrent to this result, the invasion of T. gondii into hUC-MSCs increased in a time-dependent manner. The expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bim, Bax, Bid and Bak were not altered; however, Mcl-1 levels in hUC-MSCs were dramatically decreased upon T. gondii infection. In addition, at 24h post-infection, cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels were elevated in hUC-MSCs. Importantly, Mcl-1 overexpression reduced the levels of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins in T. gondii-infected hUC-MSCs. Mcl-1 proteins were primarily expressed in the fraction containing mitochondria and strongly interacted with Beclin-1 under normal conditions; however, these interactions were remarkably attenuated by T. gondii infection. These results suggest that mitochondrial Mcl-1 is an essential signaling mediator regulating the activation of autophagy and apoptosis during T. gondii infection.</P>
Directed Evolution of Beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli into Beta-glucuronidase
Xiong, Ai-Sheng,Peng, Ri-He,Zhuang, Jing,Liu, Jin-Ge,Xu, Fang,Cai, Bin,Guo, Zhao-Kui,Qiao, Yu-Shan,Chen, Jian-Min,Zhang, Zhen,Yao, Quan-Hong Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.3
In vitro directed evolution through DNA shuffling is a powerful molecular tool for creation of new biological phenotypes. E. coli $\beta$-galactosidase and $\beta$-glucuronidase are widely used, and their biological function, catalytic mechanism, and molecular structures are well characterized. We applied an in vitro directed evolution strategy through DNA shuffling and obtained five mutants named YG6764, YG6768, YG6769, YG6770 and YG6771 after two rounds of DNA shuffling and screening, which exhibited more $\beta$-glucuronidase activity than wild-type $\beta$-galactosidase. These variants had mutations at fourteen nucleic acid sites, resulting in changes in ten amino acids: S193N, T266A, Q267R, V411A, D448G, G466A, L527I, M543I, Q626R and Q951R. We expressed and purified those mutant proteins. Compared to the wild-type protein, five mutant proteins exhibited high $\beta$-glucuronidase activity. The comparison of molecular models of the mutated and wildtype enzymes revealed the relationship between protein function and structural modification.
Two-sided Matching Decision under Multi-granularity Uncertain Linguistic Environment
Qi Yue,Yongshan Peng,Bingwen Yu,Yu Hong,Quan Xiao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.11
With respect to the two-sided matching problem, where the agents’ preferences are in the format of multi-granularity uncertain linguistic terms, a matching method is proposed. Some basic concepts and definitions on uncertain linguistic term and 2-tuple are firstly given. Based on this, the two-sided matching problem with multi-granularity uncertain linguistic terms is described. Then, multi-granularity uncertain linguistic term matrixes are transformed into multi-granularity 2-tuple matrixes. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization model is developed by using the extended 2-tuple weighted average. By using the normalization method and the linear weighted method twice, the multi-objective optimization model can be converted into a single-objective optimization model. By solving the model, the matching alternative can be obtained. Example of matching demand and supply in agricultural knowledge illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
Profiling Gene Expression During Gland Morphogenesis of a Glanded and a Glandless Upland Cotton
Ying-Fan Cai,Min Chen,Quan Sun,Yong-Fang Xie,Sheng-Wei Li,Jian-Chuan Mo,Ming-Feng Jiang,You-Lu Yuan,Yu-Zhen Shi,Huai-Zhong Jiang,Zheng Pan,Yun-Ling Gao,Peng-Sheng Ye,Hua-Lan Zeng 한국식물학회 2009 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.6
The pigment gland is an important character of the Gossypium plant. With the aim of identifying genes involved in pigment gland morphogenesis in cotton, gene expression during pigment gland morphogenesis in Chuan 2802, which is glanded both in seed and plant, and a glandless line N5 was profiled using Affymetrix Cotton microarray. The results showed that there were 564 differentially expressed genes greater than twofold during gland morphogenesis. About 60.2% of these genes shares similarity with known genes on GenBank and about 39.8% with no functional description in the database. These described genes may play roles in defense response, response to oxidative stress, peroxidase activity, and the other metabolic pathways. The KEGG Orthology-Based Annotation System indicated that these above twofold expressed genes involved seven biochemical pathways on KEGG. These findings suggest that a complicated regulation is associated with pigment gland morphogenesis and the associated defense response including gossypol biosynthesis in cotton.
The Influence of Changing PV Array Interconnections under a Non-uniform Irradiance
Kun Ding,Li Feng,Si-Yu Qin,Jing Mao,Jing-Wei Zhang,Xiang Wang,Tao Peng,Quan-Xin Zhai 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.2
Usually, the output characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) array are significantly affected by non-uniform irradiance which is caused by ambient obstacles, clouds, orientations, tilts, etc. Some local maximum power points (LMPP) in the current-voltage (I-V) curves of a PV array can result in power losses of the array. However, the output power at the global maximum power point (GMPP) is different in different interconnection schemes in a PV array. Therefore, based on the theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation of different topological structures of a PV array, this paper investigated the output characteristics of dual series PV arrays with different interconnections. The proposed mathematical models were also validated by experimental results. Finally, this paper also concluded that in terms of performance, the total cross tied (TCT) interconnection was not always the optimal structure, especially in a dual series PV array. When one of the PV modules was severely mismatched, the TCT worked worse than the series parallel (SP) structure. This research can provide guidance for switching the interconnection to gain the greatest energy yield in a changeable- structure PV system.
The Influence of Changing PV Array Interconnections under a Non-uniform Irradiance
Ding, Kun,Feng, Li,Qin, Si-Yu,Mao, Jing,Zhang, Jing-Wei,Wang, Xiang,Peng, Tao,Zhai, Quan-Xin The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.2
Usually, the output characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) array are significantly affected by non-uniform irradiance which is caused by ambient obstacles, clouds, orientations, tilts, etc. Some local maximum power points (LMPP) in the current-voltage (I-V) curves of a PV array can result in power losses of the array. However, the output power at the global maximum power point (GMPP) is different in different interconnection schemes in a PV array. Therefore, based on the theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation of different topological structures of a PV array, this paper investigated the output characteristics of dual series PV arrays with different interconnections. The proposed mathematical models were also validated by experimental results. Finally, this paper also concluded that in terms of performance, the total cross tied (TCT) interconnection was not always the optimal structure, especially in a dual series PV array. When one of the PV modules was severely mismatched, the TCT worked worse than the series parallel (SP) structure. This research can provide guidance for switching the interconnection to gain the greatest energy yield in a changeable- structure PV system.
Numerical study on unsteady film cooling performance under the mainstream swing condition
Wei Zhang,Hui-ren Zhu,Quan-peng Yu,Guang-chao Li 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.11
Significant unsteady film cooling performance of a turbine shroud can be found under the periodic disturbance of rotor blades. The mainstream flow in film cooling on a turbine shroud is simplified as the periodic swing based on the alternate appearance of the cascade passage flow and the blade tip clearance flow. Three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation was employed to analyze the film cooling effectiveness with a single cylindrical hole injection at mainstream swing frequencies of 100, 160 and 220 Hz, and at blowing ratios of 0.5, 0.8, 1.1 and 1.4, respectively. A steady simulation was also carried out as a comparison. The results show that mainstream swing provides instantaneous film spots. It is a novel phenomenon in film cooling. Spanwise coverage of film was more uniform compared with the steady case. There are considerable differences of film cooling effectiveness under the various mainstream swing frequencies. A larger swing frequency results in higher spanwise averaged time-averaged film cooling effectiveness.