A New Interfacial Model for Transverse Mechanical Properties of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Composites

Deng’an Cai,Xiaopei Wang,Yaohui Shi,Xufeng Hao,Yuan Qian,Guangming Zhou 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.2

Transverse mechanical properties play an important role in the study of fiber reinforced composite materials. Anexperimental and numerical study on mechanical properties and damage behavior of unidirectional fiber reinforcedcomposites under transverse load is presented. The quasi-static tensile and compressive tests were carried out to obtainmechanical properties of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites under transverse tension and compression. The fracturemorphologies of the specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to reveal their distinct damagemechanism. Considering the effects of interface, a new interfacial model is proposed. Two representative volume elements(RVEs) of basic and interfacial models are established for comparison analysis. The predicted results agree well with theexperimental data. The introduction of interfacial layer has little effect on the prediction of transverse modulus, but canimprove the accuracy of the predicted transverse strength. The fiber volume fraction has a great influence on the transversemechanical properties of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites. As the fiber volume fraction increases, its transversemodulus increases, but both the transverse strength and the ultimate strain decrease.

총성 없는 전쟁터 : 1950년대 중국에서의 북한문학 번역장

등천 ( Deng¸ Qian ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2020 민족문학사연구 Vol.74 No.-

본고에서는 1950년부터 1960년까지 중국에서 번역된 북한문학 작품들을 전반적으로 검토함으로써 1950년대 중국에서 북한문학 번역의 전모, 특징과 의의를 살펴보고 아울러 번역과 전쟁의 관계를 조명했다. 우선, 평화 시기와 달리 1950년대에 번역된 북한문학 작품들은 강한 시효성, 호소력과 대중성을 드러냈다. 장르별로 보면 르포르타주, 시가, 아동문학, 북한, 희곡 등을 폭넓게 번역함으로써 다양한 독자층을 최대한 포섭했다. 주제별로 보면 조선 인민의 수난과 투쟁, 미 제국주의의 침략과 폭행, 중· 조(中朝) 인민의 전우애를 형상화한 작품들을 번역함으로써 동맹국으로서의 상상된 공동체를 구축했다. 1950년대 북한문학 번역의 또 다른 특징은 동맹국 사이의 협업 번역으로 꼽힌다. 중국측에서는 일본어와 러시아어에 능통한 베테랑 번역자, 대학에 재직 중인 한인 교원, 한반도에서 귀국한 화교(華僑) 등 다양한 번역진을 조직하여 북한문학을 적극적으로 도입했다. 북한 측에서는 중국어에 능통한 번역자를 동원하여 자국문학을 계획적으로 중국에 수출했다. 6·25전쟁의 군사적 충돌과 이데올로기 간의 대치는 번역의 장에서 작용하여 문학 텍스트에 교묘하게 녹아들었다. 북한 작가 이북명의 소설 「악마」는 두 차례의 중국어 번역을 통해 각기 다른 양상으로 드러났다. 베이징 대학 한인 교원 마초군의 충실한 번역태도와 달리, 『인민문학』판 역본에는 편집자가 교묘한 첨삭을 통해 ‘사랑’과 ‘원한’의 이원적 감성 구조를 부각시키는 한편 전쟁으로 인해 조성된 부정적 감정을 대폭 은폐시켰다. 요컨대 1950년대 북한문학 번역장에서 선택과 배제, 강조와 은폐의 메커니즘이 작동하여 전쟁의 ‘실상’을 재구성하고 냉전의 심리적인 토대를 구축했다. 이런 측면에서 보면 1950년대 중국에서 활발하게 펼쳐진 북한문학 번역장은 이데올로기 투쟁의 ‘총성 없는 전쟁터’라 할 수 있다. In the early period after the foundation of the People’s Republic of China translation was institutionalized and entailed a political effect, which demonstrated in national translation program. It laid an institutional foundation for the translation of North Korean literature during the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. The translation of North Korean literature in the 1950s was not only second only to Soviet literature in scale and quantity, but also reflected the publicity and propaganda function of wartime translation, thus presenting a special translation ecology. The paper, based on a survey of translation works of North Korean published in China from 1949 to 1960, through quantitative analysis and text reading, reveals three features of wartime translation. Firstly, the political orientation of the selection of source texts is prominent as well as popular. Secondly, import national translation by China and export national translation by DPRK, direct and indirect translation, foreign and local translators coexist simultaneously, which constitutes a pluralistic translation model. Thirdly, rewriting strategy is adopted to strengthen the Cold War mentality and weaken the negative emotions caused by the war, in order to demonstrate the justice of the war and prove the legitimacy of the People’s Republic of China. The authors contend that the translation of North Korean literature in the 1950’ subjectively demonstrated the wartime demands of the National Translation Program, and objectively participated in the construction of the literary genealogy of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea.

Phase II Trial of Loubo^® (Lobaplatin) and Pemetrexed for Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer not Responding to Anthracycline or Taxanes

Deng, Qian-Qian,Huang, Xin-En,Ye, Li-Hong,Lu, Yan-Yan,Liang, Yong,Xiang, Jin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: This phase II study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of Loubo$^{(R)}$ (Lobaplatin) in combination with pemetrexed in treating patients with metastatic breast cancer who failed to respond to anthracycline or taxanes. Patients and Methods: Metastatic breast cancer cases who had previously received an anthracycline and a taxane in either adjuvant or metastatic settings, were enrolled. All patients were recruited from Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, and were treated with Loubo$^{(R)}$ (Lobaplatin) 35 $mg/m^2$ (intravenous; on day 1) and pemetrexed 500 $mg/m^2$ (intravenous; on day 1) every 21 days. Efficacy and side effects were evaluated after at least two cycles of chemotherapy. Results: All eligible 19 patients completed at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy with pemetrexed and lobaplatin, and were evaluable. Overall, 3 (15.8%) patients achieved partial response, 11 (57.9%) stable disease, 5 (26.3%) progression of disease, with no complete remission. Response rate was 15.8%, disease control rate was 42.1%. The median survival time was 10.3 months. Neutrophil suppression occurred in 36.8% of patients who had grade 2 toxicity, and 26.3% had grade 3, 26.4% had grade 4. Thrombocytopenia was encountered as follows: 21.1% grade 2, 15.8% grade 3 and 5.5% grade 4. Incidences of anemia were 10.5% in grade 2, 5.3% grade 3 and 0% grade 4. Only 5.3% of patients required packed red blood cell transfusion. Grade 3 digestive tract toxicity occurred in 5.5% of patients. Other toxicities included elevated transaminase,oral mucositis and skin rashes. Conclusions: The regimen of lobaplatin and pemetrexed is modestly active in metastatic breast cancer patients who failed anthracycline or taxanes, and the toxicity profile suggesting that the doses of chemotherapy should be further modified.

Influence of Force Loading Methods on the Prediction Accuracy of Electromagnetic Vibration and Noise in Electric Motors with Different Pole/Slot Combinations

Deng Wenzhe,Qian Zhe,Chen Wei,Qian Cheng,Wang Qunjing 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.3

This study investigates the infuence of three force loading methods on the prediction accuracy of electromagnetic vibration and noise in electric motors with diferent pole/slot combinations. The calculation approach of diferent electromagnetic force loading methods is frstly deduced and analyzed. Then, a multi-physics model for vibration and noise prediction is established and validated with a noise test. Finally, electric motors with three pole/slot combinations are selected, and the electromagnetic noise predicted by diferent force loading methods is compared. The results show that distributed force loading method of the electromagnetic force leads to a more accurate solution to the acoustic noise, even if the concentrated force considers the equivalent force couple produced by the translation of the nodal force action point. This study can provide guidance for the design of low-noise electric motors.

MicroRNA-206 Reduces Osteosarcoma Cell Malignancy In Vitro by Targeting the PAX3-MET Axis

Qian-Rong Deng,Fang-Biao Zhan,Xian-Wei Zhang,Shi-Long Feng,Jun Cheng,You Zhang,Bo Li,Li-Zhong Xie 연세대학교의과대학 2019 Yonsei medical journal Vol.60 No.2

Purpose: This study was undertaken to explore how miR-206 represses osteosarcoma (OS) development. Materials and Methods: Expression levels of miR-206, PAX3, and MET mRNA were explored in paired OS and adjacent tissuespecimens. A patient-derived OS cell line was established. miR-206 overexpression and knockdown were achieved by lentiviraltransduction. PAX3 and MET overexpression were achieved by plasmid transfection. Treatment with hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) was utilized to activate c-Met receptor. Associations between miR-206 and PAX3 or MET mRNA in OS cells were verifiedby AGO2-RNA immunoprecipitation assay and miRNA pulldown assay. OS cell malignancy was evaluated in vitro by cell proliferation,metastasis, and apoptosis assays. PAX3 and MET gene expression in OS cells was assayed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Activation of PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK in OS cells were assayed by evaluating Akt1 Ser473 phosphorylation and total threoninephosphorylation of Erk1/2, respectively. Results: Expression levels of miR-206 were significantly decreased in OS tissue specimens, compared to adjacent counterparts,and were inversely correlated with expression of PAX3 and MET mRNA. miR-206 directly interacted with PAX3 and MET mRNAin OS cells. miR-206 overexpression significantly reduced PAX3 and MET gene expression in OS cells in vitro, resulting in significantdecreases in Akt1 and Erk1/2 activation, cell proliferation, and metastasis, as well as increases in cell apoptosis, while miR-206 knockdown showed the opposite effects. The effects of miR-206 overexpression on OS cells were reversed by PAX3 or METoverexpression, but only partially attenuated by HGF treatment. Conclusion: miR-206 reduces OS cell malignancy in vitro by targeting PAX3 and MET gene expression.

번역으로 갈라진 운명 -『홍루』와 『파려다화녀유사(巴黎茶花女遺事)』의 번역 양상 비교 연구

등천 ( Qian Deng ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2015 民族文化硏究 Vol.66 No.-

1917년에 『매일신보』에 연재된 『홍루』는 동시대 번역·번안소설 가운데 매우 독특한 텍스트이다. 진학문은 일역본 『椿姬』(1903)를 저본으로 하여 프랑스 소설 La Dame aux Camelias(1848)를 충실하게 번역하여 처음으로 ‘부부애’가 아닌 서양 미혼 남녀의 ‘사랑’ 양상을 생생히 재현했다. 『홍루』는 당시 독자들의 주목을 받지못한 채 문학사에서 잊혀졌다. 반면에 린수(林수)가 번역한 『巴黎茶花女遺事』(1899)는 중국에서 출판되자마자 독자들에게 센세이션을 일으켰을 뿐 아니라 청나라 말기에 많은 번역가들이 서양소설을 번역하는 열풍을 불러일으켰다. 『파리다화녀유사』는 중국 번역문학사에서 정전화된 텍스트로 인정받았다. 본고는 『홍루』와 『파리다화녀유사』의 번역 양상과 독자의 반응을 살펴보고 그 차이점에 주목하여 양국에서 도착 텍스트가 판이하게 수용된 경위를 조명하였다. 구체적으로 텍스트에 나타난 남녀 주인공의 이미지 및 서구적 사랑에 대한 번역 양상을 살펴보았다. 또한 두 번역자의 번역 태도와 한중 양국 독자의 반응을 함께 고찰하고 번역자, 도착 텍스트, 독자 사이의 상관관계를 규명하였다. Hongru (Red Tears) which was serialized in the newspaper Maeil-sinbo in 1917 is a very special text among the contemporary translated and adapted novels. As a Korean student studied in Japan, Jin Hak-mun made a translation of the French novel La Dame aux Camellias into Korean titled as Hongru, based on the Japanese translation published in 1903, representing a new aspect of love - “modern love” of an unmarried couple which was different from the “marital love” that had been illustrated in the earlier adapted novels. However, Hongru failed to capture the attention of Korean readers and became a forgotten text in the history of Korean literature, whereas Bali Chahuanv Yishi (The Lady of the Camellias) translated by a Chinese translator, Lin Shu, caused a great sensation among Chinese readers and a great impact on many translators to do translation of Western novels in the end of Qing Dynasty. Therefore it had been credited for the influence as a canon in the history of Chinese translated literature. This paper examines Bali Chahuanv Yishi’s aspects of translation and readers’ responses, and based on the differences this paper demonstrates the different acceptance of translations in each country. Specifically it tries to study on the images of protagonists and the aspects of translation on the romantic love in Hongru and Bali Chahuanv Yishi. In addition, this paper also tries to examine the attitude of the two translators and the readers of each translation, and clarify a correlation among the translators, the texts, and the readers.

특집 번역의 동아시아적 계보와 문화적 상상 : 입센으로 되돌아본 동아시아 근대 기획 ; 노라의 호명과 가출의 변증법 -한국과 중국에서의 『인형의 집 』번역과 정전화

등천 ( Qian Deng ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2015 민족문학사연구 Vol.58 No.-

19세기 말 20세기 초의 근대 전환기에 동아시아 각국 지식인들은 서양문학을 통해 ``근대``를 번역하기 시작했다. 그 가운데 입센과 그의 작품이 잇따라 일본, 중국, 한국으로소개.번역되면서 삼국에서 모두 센세이션을 불러일으켰다. 특히 문제극『인형의 집』은 여성 해방, 개인 자각, 사회 개조 등 당대의 사회적 욕구와 맞물리면서 각국 지식인들에게 재해석되어 동아시아 전반에 걸쳐 노라 선풍을 일으켰다. 이 연구는 1910년대 말 1920년대 초한국과 중국에서인형의 집』의 수용 경로, 번역 텍스트, 수용 주체들이 집필한 곁텍스트를살펴봄으로써 각각 다른 방식으로 이루어진 『인형의 집』의 정전화 양상을 고찰했다. 1921년 번역가 양건식과 『신여자』 그룹의 합력으로『인형의 집』이 한국에서 처음으로 번역되었다. 나혜석을 비롯한 여성 수용 주체는 노라의 자각과 가출을 적극적으로 수용하여 독립적 개인으로서의 여성 정체성을 수립하고자 했다. 그런데 양건식을 비롯한 남성 수용 주체는 자각한 노라를 포섭하는 동시에 가출한 노라를 배제시킴으로써 가정이라는 사적 영역에서 "자각한 현모양처"로 노라를 호명했다. 국가 담론이 불가능한 식민 현실에서 남성 지식인은 자각한 신식 여성과 손잡고 스위트 홈을 구축함으로써 근대적 문명의 삶으로 진입하고자 했다. 그러나 가부장이 철저하게 청산되지 않은 스위트 홈에서 각성한 여성은 다시 남편에게 종속된 인형으로 전락할 수밖에 없었다. 1910년대 말 중국에서 『신칭니엔』 계열 지식인이 주도한 신문학운동이 전성기에 이르던 즈음에 후스는 ``입센 특집호``를 기획하고 『인형의 집』을 비롯한 희곡을 번역했다. 후스와 위안전잉은 젠더적 관점을 넘어서 부조리한 가정 제도와 사회 현실에 저항하는 "건전한 개인주의자"로 노라를 호명했다. 또한 노라의 기반인 자본주의 중산 계층의 핵가족을 중국 전통가부장제 가족으로 치환했다. 이에 따라 노라의 자각과 가출은 『신칭니엔』 계열 지식인이지향한 ``전통 탈출`` 기획과 결합하여 중국의 전근대적 전통을 반성하고 근대를 향한 새로운탈출구를 탐색하는 의미를 획득했다. 집에서 뛰쳐나간 노라는 오사 시기 중국 청년 남녀의우상이 되어 집단 가출 열풍을 일으켰다. In the latter part of the 19th century and the early period of 20th century, because of the national crisis, the intellectuals of the three East Asian countries began to introduce and translate a large number of foreign works, in order to find the way to the future. Among these translations, "the Father of Modern Drama", Ibsen and his works had been successively introduced into Japan, China and Korea, and great repercussion was provoked around the countries. Especially the problem drama A Doll`s House, after re-interpreting by the intellectuals, in combined with the female discourse, the discourse of individualism and anti-traditional discourse, a wave of "Nora craze" was raised in the whole societies. In this paper, the translated texts of A Doll`s House and paratexts in Korean and Chineseare chose as the study object, investigating the canonization of A Doll`s House and its heroine, Nora in different target context by the "translation" and "reinterpretation" of intellectuals. To solve this problem, the communication process of A Doll`s House from Europe to Japan, China and Korea is first sorted out. And then by analyzing the translated text to figure out the subtle changes of "Nora" in the text in Chinese and Korean. Finally, by comparing the paratext of Yang Geon-sik and Hu Shih to analyze how Nora was named to different subjects, and how Nora`s leaving could get the legitimacy. The characteristics of female discourse and blindness in the two countries could be found due to the different acceptances of Nora.

염상섭 초기작에 나타난 입센 수용 양상 연구 - 「지상선을 위하여」와 「제야」를 중심으로 -

등천 ( Deng Qian ) 국제어문학회 2016 국제어문 Vol.0 No.68

본고의 목적은 한국과 중국, 일본의 입센 수용 상황을 참고하여 「지상선을 위하여」와 「제야」에 나타난 염상섭의 독특한 입센 수용 양상을 살펴보는 것이다. 1910년대 말기부터 일본에서 성행하던 `입센열`은 제일유학생들에 의하여 한국에 소개되었다. 『인형의 집』을 중심으로 정형화된 `노라열풍`은 양백화, 나혜석, 김석송 등 지식인들을 중심으로 이루어졌다. 그들은 일본지식인의 영향을 받아 여성해방과 양성관계 개혁의 맥락으로 노라를 수용했다. 이러한 수용 양상과 달리, 염상섭은 조선의 현실에 착안하여 노라를 `진정한 개인주의자`로 호명했다. 개인주의의 계보에서 입센과 그의 희곡을 수용하는 태도는 일본 문예비평가 구리야가와 하쿠손(廚川白村)과 중국 오사시기 지식인 후스(胡適)의 입센론에도 나타난 바 있다. 노라의 비판의식을 부각시키고 개인의 절대적 가치를 역설한다는 점에서 후스와 염상섭은 공통점을 드러낸다. 그러나 후스는 사회의 악과 투쟁하는 외부지향적인 개인주의를 호소하는 반면, 염상섭은 자아실현 문제에 중점을 두고 내부지향적인 개인주의의 탐색을 시도했다. 『근대문학 10강』에서 구리야가와 하쿠손은 입센의 `극단적 개인주의사상`을 서술하면서 노라를 그 대표적인 인물로 뽑았다. 구리야가와 하쿠손의 아카데미적인 입장과 달리, 염상섭은 노라의 가출을, 약자의 강자에 대한 반항으로 조선의 현실을 연결시켰다. 그리하여 가족제도를 개혁해야 하는 당위성과 함께 일본에 대한 저항의식까지 이끌어냈다. 「제야」에서는 입센의 『인형의 집』과 『바다에서 온 여인』을 중층적으로 수용하고 있다. 부모와 남편, 더 나아가 도덕, 종교, 사회의 위선까지 비판하는 정인의 발언은 노라의 비판의식을 계승한다. 또한 정인의 자유에 대한 열망과 좌절의식은 남편에게 선택의 자유를 요구하는 엘리다의 의식과 일치한다. 재언하면 정인은 노라의 비판의식과 엘리다의 자유추구 의지를 한 몸에 담고 있는 인물이라고 볼 수 있다. 정인은 노라식 각성, 즉 한 인간으로서 살겠다는 각성을 거친 다음에, 엘리다식 고민, 즉 개인으로서의 자유의지를 추구하는 단계로 진입하게 된다. This paper analyzes the acceptance of Ibsen in Yeom Sang-Seop`s early works by examining the appearance of a Nora-like discourse in New Year`s Eve and the image of Female protagonist in For Supreme Good. Since late 1910, Ibsen`s plays have been introduced and translated by Korean intellectuals. As a result, the spirit of Nora, who dared to run away from home, caused the Nora boom in South Korea. Many intellectuals such as Yang Baek-hwa, Na Hye-seok, and Yi Gwang-su promoted the necessity of women`s liberation by praising Nora`s self-awakening. However, in contrast to this kind of acceptance, in the comment article For Supreme Good, Yeom Sang-Seop regarded Nora not as a woman but as the representation of new generation who against authority. By affirmatively appraising Nora`s leave, Yeom Sang-Seop discussed the issues of individuality liberation and self-realization. Yeom Sang-Seop`s interpretation about Nora was very similar to the Chinese intellectual Hu Shi`s opinion. However, Hu Shi ultimately wanted to improve the social condition by advocating individualism. Yeom Sang-Seop`s individualism focused on the exploration of the internal world of individuals. In the novel New Year`s Eve, the Female protagonist Choi Jung-in, who has a strong critical consciousness and self-awakening, not only inherits Nora`s sense of anti-authority against parents, husband, morality, and religions but also inherits Ellida`s (the Female protagonist of Ibsen`s The Lady from the Sea) desire to pursue absolute freedom. Choi Jung-in does not leave her home like Nora, but also does not choose to stay like Ellida. Instead, she chooses to relieve herself and her fetus not by accepting her husband`s forgiveness but by ending her own life.

Cdyl2-60aa encoded by CircCDYL2 accelerates cardiomyocyte death by blocking APAF1 ubiquitination in rats

Deng Yunfei,Zeng Xiaochen,Lv Yifei,Qian Zhiyuan,Guo Peijie,Liu Yi,Chen Shaoliang 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

The loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) after myocardial infarction (MI) is widely acknowledged to initiate the development of heart failure (HF). Herein, we found that circCDYL2 (583 nt) derived from chromodomain Y-like 2 (Cdyl2) is significantly upregulated in vitro (oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated CMs) and in vivo (failing heart post-MI) and can be translated into a polypeptide termed Cdyl2-60aa (~7 kDa) in the presence of internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES). Downregulation of circCDYL2 significantly decreased the loss of OGD-treated CMs or the infarcted area of the heart post-MI. Additionally, elevated circCDYL2 significantly accelerated CM apoptosis via Cdyl2-60aa. We then discovered that Cdyl2-60aa could stabilize protein apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (APAF1) and promote CM apoptosis; heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mediated APAF1 degradation in CMs by ubiquitinating APAF1, which Cdyl2-60aa could competitively block. In conclusion, our work substantiated the claim that circCDYL2 could promote CM apoptosis via Cdyl2-60aa, which enhanced APAF1 stability by blocking its ubiquitination by HSP70, suggesting that it is a therapeutic target for HF post-MI in rats.

Identification of polymorphic loci in the deiodinase 2 gene and their associations with head dimensions in geese

Deng, Yan,Hu, Qian,Tang, Bincheng,Ouyang, Qingyuan,Hu, Shenqiang,Hu, Bo,Hu, Jiwei,He, Hua,Chen, Guohong,Wang, Jiwen Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.5

Objective: This study was conducted to clone and compare the molecular characteristics of the deiodinase 2 (DIO2) gene between Sichuan White geese and Landes geese, and to analyze the association between polymorphisms of the DIO2 gene and head dimensions in Tianfu meat geese. Methods: The coding sequence of the DIO2 gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction and vector ligation and aligned by DNAMAN software. A total of 350 Tianfu meat geese were used to genotype the polymorphisms of the DIO2 gene and measure the head dimensions. Association analysis between the polymorphisms of the DIO2 gene and head dimensions was carried out. Results: An 840-bp coding sequence of the DIO2 gene was obtained and comparison analysis identified four polymorphic loci between Sichuan White geese and Landes geese. Further analysis showed that the dominant alleles for the four polymorphic loci were G, G, A, and T and the frequency of the heterozygous genotype was higher than that of the homozygous genotype in Tianfu meat geese. Compared to that in the population of non-knob geese of Tianfu meat geese, the head dimensions in the population of knob geese were significantly higher except for nostril height. However, in the non-knob geese, beak width 1, beak width 2, nostril length, cranial width 1, and maxillary length had significant differences among different genotypes or haplotypes/diplotypes. Conclusion: These results suggested that polymorphisms of the DIO2 gene could be considered molecular markers to select larger heads of geese in the population of non-knob geese.