Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Vibrio vulnificus infection: a persistent threat to public health

( Na Ra Yun ),( Dong-min Kim ) 대한내과학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.33 No.6

Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious, potentially fatal infections. V. vulnificus causes three distinct syndromes: an overwhelming primary septicemia caused by consuming contaminated seafood, wound infections acquired when an open wound is exposed to contaminated warm seawater, and gastrointestinal tract-limited infections. Case-fatality rates are higher than 50% for primary septicemia, and death typically occurs within 72 hours of hospitalization. Risk factors for V. vulnificus infection include chronic liver disease, alcoholism, and hematological disorders. When V. vulnificus infection is suspected, appropriate antibiotic treatment and surgical interventions should be performed immediately. Third-generation cephalosporin with doxycycline, or quinolone with or without third-generation cephalosporin, may be potential treatment options for patients with V. vulnificus infection.

장이모우 영화에서 나타나는 공간의 상징성에 관한 연구

윤나라(Yun, Na-Ra),심은주(Shim, Eun-Ju) 한국실내디자인학회 2007 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.9 No.3

제대 정맥 기형에 의한 비면역성 태아수종 1례

윤나라 ( Na Ra Yun ),김지수 ( Ji Soo Kim ),이주영 ( Ju Young Lee ),신승한 ( Seung Han Shin ),고정민 ( Jung Min Ko ),김이경 ( Ee Kyung Kim ),김한석 ( Han Suk Kim ),최중환 ( Jung Hwan Choi ) 대한주산의학회 2013 Perinatology Vol.24 No.4

Anomalies of the fetal venous system are rare. Major portion of fetal venous anomalies are malformation of umbilical vein and ductus venosus. Abnormal umbilico-systemic shunt, bypassing the ductus venosus makes direct connection between the high-pressure umbilical system and the low-pressure systemic system. And it makes adverse to the fetal hemodynamics. Fetal hemodynamic distress may induce fetal growth retardation, hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly, hydrops fetalis and fetal death. We report a case of non-immune hydrops fetalis which was associated with abnormal umbilical vein pathway. Our patient had bifurcated umbilical veins. Main branch of umbilical vein was drained directly to the left internal iliac vein and another branch was drained to the portal vein. After birth, extra hepatic shunt through main branch of umbilical vein that bypassed the portal system was persisted and thrombocytopenia was combined due to consumption in thrombus of a dilated anomalous umbilical vein. Later this case was diagnosed as Noonan syndrome with a genetic testing.

Protective effect of porcine placenta in a menopausal ovariectomized mouse

Han, Na-Ra,Park, Chan-Lee,Kim, Na-Rae,Kim, Hee-Yun,Yoou, Myoung-Schook,Nam, Sun-Young,Moon, Phil-Dong,Jeong, Hyun-Ja,Kim, Hyung-Min BioScientifica 2015 Reproduction Vol.150 No.3

<P>Menopause is a significant physiological phase that occurs as women's ovaries stop producing ovum and the production of estrogen declines. Human placenta and some amino acids are known to improve menopausal symptoms. In this study, we investigated that porcine placenta extract (PPE) and arginine (Arg), a main amino acid of PPE, would have estrogenic activities in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as a menopause mouse model, human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) cells, and human osteoblast cell line (MG-63) cells. PPE or Arg significantly inhibited the body weight and increased the vagina weight compared to the OVX mice. PPE or Arg ameliorated the vaginal atrophy in the OVX mice. The levels of 17β-estradiol and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased by PPE or Arg in the serum of OVX mice. Trabecular bone parameters such as bone mineral density and porosity were also improved by PPE or Arg in the OVX mice. In the MCF-7 and MG-63 cells, PPE or Arg significantly increased the cell proliferation, estrogen receptor β mRNA expression, and estrogen-response elements luciferase activity. Finally, PPE or Arg increased the activations of ALP and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the MG-63 cells. These results indicate that PPE or Arg would have estrogenic and osteoblastic activity. Therefore, PPE or Arg may be useful as new pharmacological tools for treating menopausal symptoms including osteoporosis.</P><P><B>Free Korean abstract</B>: A Korean translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/150/3/173/suppl/DC1.</P>

임상 ; 초극소 저체중 출생아의 신생아중환자실 입원 기간 중금식의 원인 분석과 금식 기간에 따른 임상 결과의 비교

윤나라 ( Na Ra Yun ),박지연 ( Ji Youn Park ),신승한 ( Seung Han Shin ),이주영 ( Ju Young Lee ),김이경 ( Ee Kyung Kim ),김한석 ( Han Suk Kim ),최중환 ( Jung Hwan Choi ) 대한주산의학회 2013 Perinatology Vol.24 No.4

목적: 초극소저체중 출생아의 진료에서 금식은 치료 목적으로 사용되고 있으나 금식 자체가 장기적인 예후에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 반면, 그 목적이 불분명하거나 불필요한 경우가 있어 신생아중환자실 입원 기간 중 금식 원인을 분석하고 금식기간에 따른 임상 결과를 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 2009년 1월 1일부터 2011년 12월 31일까지 서울대학교병원 신생아중환자실에 입원한 초극소 저체중 출생아 92명의 기록지를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 완전 장관영양 도달 전의 금식 기간과 원인을 조사하였으며 수술과 연관된 금식은 제외하였다. 완전장관 영양 도달시기, 총정맥영양 기간, 입원기간, 패혈증, 괴사성장염, 담즙정체증, 골감소증 등을 금식기간에 따라 비교하였고, 초기 영양 평가를 위해 생후 1주일간 투여한 칼로리 양과 단백질 양을 합산하였다. 출생시, PMA 35주와 교정연령 8개월의 몸무게, 키, 머리둘레의 표준편차인 Z-score 를 조사하였고 교정연령 8개월의 한국형ASQ 발달선별검사(Korean Ages & stages Questionnaires, K-ASQ)를 조사하였다. 결과: 92명의 환자에서 완전장관영양 도달 전 총 163회 금식을 하였고 총 금식기간은 평균 6.7 (±5.6)일이었고 평균1.8회의 금식을 하였다. 금식의 원인으로 동맥관개존증의 치료 약물 투여가 47.5% (77회)로 가장 많았고 수유곤란증이25.3% (41회)이었다. 금식 기간을 7일 이하인 그룹과 금식 8일 이상인 그룹으로 나눠 비교하였을 때, 금식 기간이 길수록 완전장관영양 도달시기, 재원 일이 길었다. 패혈증, 기관지폐이형성 증, 담즙정체 증, 골 감소증의 발생 빈도는 두 그룹간 차이는 없었으며 괴사성장염은 금식 8일 이상 그룹에서 많았다. 금식 기간이 길수록 출생 시와 비교하여 PMA 35주에 키의 Z score가 더 많이 감소 하였으며(P=0.049) 교정연령 8개월에 몸무게 Z score 회복이 잘 되지 않았고(P=0.040) 키Z score 증가 폭이 더 적었다(P=0.07). K-ASQ 검사에서 금식 8일 이상 그룹에서 발달저하가 의심 빈도가 많았다. 결론 : 금식이 장기적인 성장 및 발달에 영향을 줄 가능성이 있으며, 동맥관 개존증 치료약물 투여 기간 동안에도 소량의 장관 영양을 유지하고 수유곤란 증을 조절 함으로써 금식기간을 최소화하려는 노력이 필요하다. Purpose: To evaluate the causes of nil per os (NPO) before reaching full enteral feeding and compare the clinical outcomes of extremely low birth weight infant (ELBWI) by NPO duration. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 92 ELBWI who were born and admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Seoul National University Children`s Hospital from January 2009to December 2011. We analyzed the perinatal factors and causes of NPO. To compare neurodevelopment aloutcomes and growth, we used K-ASQ (Korean ages & stages questionnaires) and growth Z-score. Results: There were total 163 fasting episodes before reaching full enteral feeding. Mean NPO time was 6.7±5.6 days and mean frequency of NPO was 1.8 episodes. Most common cause of NPO was the medication for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure (47.5%) and the next was the feeding intolerance (25.3%). Longer NPO group (more than 7 days) showed longer time to full enteral feeding and hospital day. Incidence of necrotizing genterocolitis was significantly higher in the longer NPO group. But there was no difference between two groupsin the incidence of sepsis, cholestasis, and osteopenia. Changes in height Z-score from birth to postmenstrual age 35 weeks were significantly higher in the longer NPO group. In longer NPO group, catch-up of weight Z-score at CA 8 months was poor. And number of patients with score under cutoff level in K-ASQ was higher. Conclusion: NPO duration seems to be related with long term growth and neurodevelopment. Effort to minimize fasting time is needed by keeping enteral feeding during PDA medication and active management for feeding intolerance.

의학강좌 - 개원의를 위한 모범처방 : 중환자실에서 발생하는 발열에 대한 평가

윤나라 ( Na Ra Yun ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.88 No.6

Fever is a common and serious problem in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), but its cause is sometimes difficult to determine. Such fevers may be infectious or noninfectious. Infectious causes include ventilator-associated pneumonia, intravascular catheter-related infection, surgical site infection, catheter-related urinary tract infection, and Clostridium difficile infection. Noninfectious causes include transfusion reaction, drug fever, acute pancreatitis, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, adrenal insufficiency, and hyperthyroidism. The medical history should be reviewed carefully and a physical examination performed whenever fever occurs in patients in the ICU. (Korean J Med 2015;88:658-662)

<i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and Its Main Constituent Schizandrin Attenuate Allergic Reactions by Down-Regulating Caspase-1 in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mice

Han, Na-Ra,Moon, Phil-Dong,Kim, Na-Rae,Kim, Hee-Yun,Jeong, Hyun-Ja,Kim, Hyung-Min Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2017 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol. No.

<P><I>Schisandra chinensis</I> (SC) and its main constituent, schizandrin (SCH) exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. Allergic and inflammatory reactions are aggravated via caspase-1 signaling pathway. However, the regulatory effects of SC and SCH on caspase-1 activation have not been clarified yet. In this study, we aimed to clarify the anti-allergic effects of SC and SCH using an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice and anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies-stimulated splenocytes. SC or SCH significantly inhibited the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E, IgG1, or interleukin (IL)-4 in serum of OVA-sensitized mice. SC or SCH significantly inhibited the levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<TEX>$ \alpha $</TEX>, and IL-1<TEX>$ \beta $</TEX> in spleen of the OVA-sensitized mice. SC or SCH significantly suppressed the expression of caspase-1 and receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-2 in spleen of the OVA-sensitized mice. In activated splenocytes, SC or SCH significantly decreased the expression of caspase-1 and RIP-2 as well as the production of IL-6 and TNF-<TEX>$ \alpha $</TEX>. We suggest that SC and SCH exert an anti-allergic effect by down-regulating caspase-1 signaling.</P>

The Perception of Urban Residents on Creation and Management of Community Gardens

Na Ra Jeong,Kwang Jin Kim,Hyung Gewon Yun,Seung Won Han,Soojin You 인간식물환경학회 2019 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This study analyzed the factors affecting urban residents expectations and participation in community gardens to present basic data of guidelines for community garden management. Urban citizens valued the necessity of community gardens overall, especially residents with outdoor gardens. The experience of private gardens was important in perceiving the need for community gardens, which are public spaces. The creation of community gardens had high expectations for social aspects such as improving quality of life, health promotion, and community revitalization. In particular, residents living in individual housing have high expectations for revitalization of the community, and community gardens can be a mediator for forming and maintaining local communities. Through this, the citizens perception on the role and function of the garden as a community space could be examined. Expectations for quality of life, health promotion, and community revitalization are factors affecting the necessity of community garden. Participation was high in the creation and management of the community garden, and the necessity of community gardens, expectation for community revitalization, and expectation for environmental purification are factors that affect participation in the management of community gardens. The amount of donations that the residents are willing to pay for community garden management was KRW 75,222 /year on average. Overall, residents with higher need for community gardens and higher social expectation showed higher participation. Urban citizens have high expectations for community gardens, and they perceive the importance of social aspects more than personal aspects such as community revitalization and quality of life. As a strategy for increasing community involvement, it is necessary to set up the processes, determine participants composition and roles, and establish a system to promote participation. Considering welfare aspects such as community revitalization and improvement of residents’ quality of life, motivation and administrative support for participation in the creation and management of community gardens will serve as important factors.