토끼에서 Etofenprox와 Spinosad 합제의 국소자극성 시험

황윤환,김명석,송인배,박병권,양승호,임용현,송치용,안성한,남현수,임정교,정상일,명노일,윤효인 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2008 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

This study was performed to evaluation the skin and eye irritation of etofenprox 8% and spinosad 4% combination in male New Zealand White rabbits. In skin irritation test, the combination of etofenprox and spinosad did not showed any change of body weight but caused slight skin irritation with the P.I.I. (primary irritation index) value 0.25. The etofenprox and spinosad combination showed severe eye irritation 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after ocular treatment, having the A.O.I. (acute ocular irritation) value of 37.3. Therefore, these result indicated that the combination of etofenprox and spinosad might be irritant formulation on eye and skin.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes by cDNA-AFLP in Magnaporthe oryzae

Myoung-Hwan Chi,Sook-Young Park 한국식물병리학회 2019 식물병연구 Vol.25 No.4

Analysis of differentially expressed genes has assisted discovery of gene sets involved in particular biological processes. The purpose of this study was to identify genes involved in appressorium formation in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae via analysis of cDNA–amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Amplification of appressorial and vegetative mycelial cDNAs using 28 primer combinations generated over 200 differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (TDFs). TDFs were excised from gels, re-amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Forty-four of 52 clones analyzed corresponded to 42 genes. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that expression of 23 genes was up-regulated during appressorium formation, one of which was the MCK1 gene that had been shown to be involved in appressorium formation. This study will be providing valuable resources for identifying the genes such as pathogenicity-related genes in M. oryzae.

A Quick and Safe Method for Fungal DNA Extraction

Chi, Myoung-Hwan,Park, Sook-Young,Lee, Yong-Hwan The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.1

DNA-based studies, including cloning and genotyping, have become routine in fungal research laboratories. However, preparation of high-quality DNA from fungal tissue requires much time and labor and is often a limiting step for high-throughput experiments. We have developed a quick and safe (QS) DNA extraction method for fungi. Time efficiency and safety in the QS method were achieved by using plate-grown mycelia as the starting material, by eliminating phenol-chloroform extraction procedures, and by deploying a simple electric grinder. This QS method is applicable not only to a broad range of microbial eukaryotes, including true fungi and oomycetes, but also to lichens and plants.

A Novel Pathogenicity Gene Is Required in the Rice Blast Fungus to Suppress the Basal Defenses of the Host

Chi, Myoung-Hwan,Park, Sook-Young,Kim, Soonok,Lee, Yong-Hwan Public Library of Science 2009 PLoS pathogens Vol.5 No.4

<▼1><P>For successful colonization and further reproduction in host plants, pathogens need to overcome the innate defenses of the plant. We demonstrate that a novel pathogenicity gene, <I>DES1</I>, in <I>Magnaporthe oryzae</I> regulates counter-defenses against host basal resistance. The <I>DES1</I> gene was identified by screening for pathogenicity-defective mutants in a T-DNA insertional mutant library. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that this gene encodes a serine-rich protein that has unknown biochemical properties, and its homologs are strictly conserved in filamentous Ascomycetes. Targeted gene deletion of <I>DES1</I> had no apparent effect on developmental morphogenesis, including vegetative growth, conidial germination, appressorium formation, and appressorium-mediated penetration. Conidial size of the mutant became smaller than that of the wild type, but the mutant displayed no defects on cell wall integrity. The <I>Δdes1</I> mutant was hypersensitive to exogenous oxidative stress and the activity and transcription level of extracellular enzymes including peroxidases and laccases were severely decreased in the mutant. In addition, ferrous ion leakage was observed in the <I>Δdes1</I> mutant. In the interaction with a susceptible rice cultivar, rice cells inoculated with the <I>Δdes1</I> mutant exhibited strong defense responses accompanied by brown granules in primary infected cells, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the generation of autofluorescent materials, and PR gene induction in neighboring tissues. The <I>Δdes1</I> mutant displayed a significant reduction in infectious hyphal extension, which caused a decrease in pathogenicity. Notably, the suppression of ROS generation by treatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidases, resulted in a significant reduction in the defense responses in plant tissues challenged with the <I>Δdes1</I> mutant. Furthermore, the <I>Δdes1</I> mutant recovered its normal infectious growth in DPI-treated plant tissues. These results suggest that <I>DES1</I> functions as a novel pathogenicity gene that regulates the activity of fungal proteins, compromising ROS-mediated plant defense.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Coevolution of plants and microbial pathogens leads to interactions that resemble a molecular war. Pathogens generate effector molecules to infect their hosts, and plants produce defense molecules against pathogen attacks. Interactions between these molecules results in plant immunity or disease. Plant disease could be likened to a complex and delicate matter of balance, where a number of molecules are involved in the battlefield. Discovering and understanding the tipping points in the battle are vital for developing disease-free crops. In the interaction of rice and rice blast fungus, a microbe sensor on rice stimulates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the site of infection. ROS is known as an antimicrobial material and a stimulator for defense signaling that is important for preparing reinforcement in neighboring tissues. This paper presents the counter-defense mechanism of the fungus against plant-driven ROS. We found that a pathogenicity factor from rice blast fungus, DES1 (<U>De</U>fense <U>S</U>uppressor 1), is involved in overcoming oxidative stress for the counter-defense mechanism, suggesting that this gene is required for fungal pathogenicity.</P></▼2>

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes by cDNA-AFLP in Magnaporthe oryzae

Chi, Myoung-Hwan,Park, Sook-Young The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 식물병연구 Vol.25 No.4

Analysis of differentially expressed genes has assisted discovery of gene sets involved in particular biological processes. The purpose of this study was to identify genes involved in appressorium formation in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae via analysis of cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Amplification of appressorial and vegetative mycelial cDNAs using 28 primer combinations generated over 200 differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (TDFs). TDFs were excised from gels, re-amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Forty-four of 52 clones analyzed corresponded to 42 genes. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that expression of 23 genes was up-regulated during appressorium formation, one of which was the MCK1 gene that had been shown to be involved in appressorium formation. This study will be providing valuable resources for identifying the genes such as pathogenicity-related genes in M. oryzae.

Direct Organization of Morphology-Controllable Mesoporous SnO₂ Using Amphiphilic Graft Copolymer for Gas-Sensing Applications

Chi, Won Seok,Lee, Chang Soo,Long, Hu,Oh, Myoung Hwan,Zettl, Alex,Carraro, Carlo,Kim, Jong Hak,Maboudian, Roya American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.42

<P>A simple and flexible strategy for controlled synthesis of mesoporous metal oxide films using an amphiphilic graft copolymer as sacrificial template is presented and the effectiveness of this approach for gas-sensing applications is reported. The amphiphilic graft copolymer poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (PVC-g POEM) is used as a sacrificial template for the direct synthesis of mesoporous SnO2. The graft copolymer self assembly is shown to enable good control over the morphology of the resulting SnO2 layer. Using this approach, mesoporous SnO2 based sensors with varied porosity are fabricated in situ on a microheater platform. This method reduces the interfacial contact resistance between the chemically sensitive materials and the microheater, while a simple fabrication process is provided. The sensors show significantly different gas-sensing performances depending on the SnO2 porosity, with the highly mesoporous SnO2 sensor exhibiting high sensitivity, low detection limit, and fast response and recovery toward hydrogen gas. This printable solution-based method can be used reproducibly to fabricate a variety of mesoporous metal oxide layers with tunable morphologies on various substrates for high-performance applications.</P>

골수증식성 질환과 반응성 혈소판증가증에서 Von Willebrand Factor 항원과 Large Von Willebrand Factor Multimer 양상

김지명,박찬정,김천희,양성은,지현숙,이제환,김우건 大韓血液學會 2000 大韓血液學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

한국 · 대만 유도국가대표선수들의 한팔 업어치기 동작 시근 활성도 비교 분석

김의환(Eui-Hwan Kim),안병근(Byung-Keun Ahn),김성섭(Sung-Sup Kim),조준명(Joon-Myoung Cho),지준안(Chun-An Chi),진종현(Jong-Hyun Jin),김지태(Ji-Tae Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2011 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the electromyograpic activity between Korean and Taiwanese of Ippon-Seoinage (one-armed shoulder throw) as Tokuinage (favorite and major technique) in Judo. The subject (Tori, attacker), who was 4 Korean and Taiwanese representative judoists from 2007 to 2009 years, respectively, Uke (defender) was a Judo-doll made by Kim, Eui-hwan etc. (2007), whole body of judo-doll was fixed, upper body was flexible 35 degree forward and backward, lower was 15 degree, was used to muscles activities measured by surface-electrode & electromyography. Subject performed 5 successful trials respectively, with parter (Uke) was resistance (R-0%) of judo-doll. Muscle activities were obtained from the electromyography analysis. Muscle activities in all phase, Taiwanese were lower than Korean, right Bicep, Trapezius, Tibialis muscles in Kuzushi phase, right Bicep, right Trapezius, left Rectus abdominus in Tsukuri and Kake phase, different between Taiwanese and Korean were signify (p < .5).

The ER chaperone LHS1 is involved in asexual development and rice infection by the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

Yi, Mihwa,Chi, Myoung-Hwan,Khang, Chang Hyun,Park, Sook-Young,Kang, Seogchan,Valent, Barbara,Lee, Yong-Hwan American Society of Plant Physiologists 2009 The Plant cell Vol.21 No.2

<P>In planta secretion of fungal pathogen proteins, including effectors destined for the plant cell cytoplasm, is critical for disease progression. However, little is known about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) secretion mechanisms used by these pathogens. To determine if normal ER function is crucial for fungal pathogenicity, Magnaporthe oryzae genes encoding proteins homologous to yeast Lhs1p and Kar2p, members of the heat shock protein 70 family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were cloned and characterized. Like their yeast counterparts, both LHS1 and KAR2 proteins localized in the ER and functioned in an unfolded protein response (UPR) similar to the yeast UPR. Mutants produced by disruption of LHS1 were viable but showed a defect in the translocation of proteins across the ER membrane and reduced activities of extracellular enzymes. The Deltalhs1 mutant was severely impaired not only in conidiation, but also in both penetration and biotrophic invasion in susceptible rice (Oryza sativa) plants. This mutant also had defects in the induction of the Pi-ta resistance gene-mediated hypersensitive response and in the accumulation of fluorescently-labeled secreted effector proteins in biotrophic interfacial complexes. Our results suggest that proper processing of secreted proteins, including effectors, by chaperones in the ER is requisite for successful disease development and for determining host-pathogen compatibility via the gene-for-gene interaction.</P>

혈장분리반출술 (Plasmapheresis)과 정주용 면역글로불린 (4 immunoglobulin)을 이용하여 성공적으로 치료한 신이식후 급성 체액성 거부 반응

이정환 ( Jeong Hwan Lee ),차란희 ( Ran Hui Cha ),김치원 ( Chi Weon Kim ),김선문 ( Sun Moon Kim ),장혜련 ( Hye Ryoun Jang ),하종원 ( Jong Won Ha ),박명희 ( Myoung Hee Park ),문경철 ( Kyung Chul Moon ),김연수 ( Yon Su Kim ) 대한신장학회 2006 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.25 No.5

Acute humoral rejection after renal transplantation is associated with a higher frequency of allograft dysfunction and graft loss. We report a case of acute humoral rejection which was treated successfully with plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin. A 31-year-old man developed azotemia after kidney transplantation. Kidney biopsy finding was compatible with antibody-mediated rejection, demonstrated by the infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils and the deposition of C4d on glomerulus and peritubular capillaries. We performed five plasmapheresis with concomitant treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin after each session. With aggressive treatment, there was improvement of oliguric acute renal failure, accompanied by decrease in the percentage of PRA and the titer of donor specific antibodies. Repeated kidney biopsy revealed persistent C4d staining on peritubular capillaries despite disappearance of donor specific antibodies. In conclusion, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin are effective in treating acute humoral rejection. Korean J Nephrol 2006; 25(5):863-869)