Resolving Hiatus in Kinyarwanda Morphology

Minkyung Lee 한국언어학회 2015 언어 Vol.40 No.2

Lee, Minkyung. 2015. Resolving Hiatus in Kinyarwanda Morphology. Korean Journal of Linguistics, xx-xx, xx-xx. When two vowels are adjacent across a morpheme boundary, several ways of avoiding vowel hiatus are invoked; vowel gliding whereby either vowel becomes a glide, vowel coalescence where two vowels are fused together to become a third vowel and vowel deletion in which a less sonorous vowel is elided. As in other Bantu languages, in Kinyarwanda spoken in Rwanda and Burundi, vowel clash is resolved by various ways. Of particular interest is vowel coalescence which well conforms to serialism-oriented Optimality Theory(OT). To avoid an onsetless syllable, two steps of root node deletion followed by floating feature sharing are split off under two core principles of local optimality and gradualness. Furthermore, vowel elision is preferred when vowel gliding results in a complex onset, which incurs the OCP violation. In essence, the analysis provided here approves that serial OT can be extended and applied to the vowel phonology of hiatus resolution. (Daegu University)

스토킹 신고에 대한 경찰의 대응: 112 신고자료 분석

한민경 ( Han¸ Min Kyung ) 한국형사정책학회 2021 刑事政策 Vol.33 No.1

이 연구는 2019년 7월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 6개월간 112 신고처리시스템에 입력된 스토킹 관련 신고자료 2,836건 중 현장조치 및 계속조사·검거로 종결된 1,701건을 활용하여 즉결심판·체포·통고처분 등 스토킹 신고에 대해 경찰이 형사적으로 대응하는 데 영향을 미친 요인을 분석하였다. 이항 로지스틱 회귀모형에 따른 분석결과, 가해자와 피해자 간의 관계, 과거 신고이력, 피해자의 처벌불원 의사 등이 현장 경찰관의 스토킹 신고처리 방식 결정에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 경찰이 계속조사나 검거와 같이 형사적인 방식으로 스토킹 신고를 처리할 가능성은 과거 신고 이력이 있는 경우에 2배가량 높아졌으며, 피해자의 처벌불원 의사가 있는 경우에는 그렇지 않은 경우의 0.2배 수준으로 낮아졌다. 가해자와 피해자 간의 관계가 친밀한 관계에 있었거나 그러한 경우 경찰이 현장조치와 같은 비형사적인 방식으로 신고를 처리할 가능성이 유의하게 높았다. 스토킹은 가해자 중에는 남성이 차지하는 비율이, 피해자 중에서는 여성이 차지하는 비율이 높은 성별화된(gendered) 범죄이지만, 가해자 및 피해자 성별은 현장 경찰관이 종결처리 방식을 결정함에 있어 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인은 아니었다. 분석결과를 토대로, 무성화된(gender-blinded) 반의사불벌죄로 스토킹을 바라보는 현장 경찰관들의 인식을 전환할 수 있는 방향으로 스토킹처벌법 개정 논의가 전개될 필요가 있음을 제언하였다. Using data derived from the nationwide 112 Call Processing System collected from July 1 to December 31, 2019, this study aims to identify factors that influence police response to stalking reports relating to criminal procedure such as claim for summary judgments, notification disposition, and/or arrest. According to the analysis results based on the binary logistic regression model, the relationship between stalker and victim, the past report history, and the victim’s unwillingness to punish the stalker have significant impact on the police officer’s decision to handle stalking reports. The probability that police handle stalking incidents in a criminal manner, such as ongoing investigation or arrest, has doubled if there are call records of the victim; and 0.2 times lower if the victim is not willing to punish the perpetrator. If there has been a previous intimate relationship between stalker and victim, it is significantly more likely that the police would handle the stalking incident in a non-criminal manner. The sex of the stalker and victim is not a statistically significant factor in determining how the field police officers handle the stalking report, even though stalking is a gendered crime with a high proportion of men among perpetrators and women among victims. In sum, the study demonstrates that the scheduled Act on the Punishment of Stalking Crimes need to be revised and developed in a way that can change the perception of police officers regarding stalking as gender-blinded and a type of crime that should not be punished against the victim’s will.

Discourse Knowledge in English Education: The Key to Understanding Academic Language and Decontextualized Language

Minkyung Cho(Minkyung Cho) 서울대학교 교육종합연구원 2023 The SNU Journal of Education Research Vol.32 No.2

The ability to adjust one’s language according to discourse context is important for all English learners. Prior literature has operationalized two distinct types of language used in contexts: academic language and decontextualized language. Despite their similarities, academic language and decontextualized language have been studied in different strands of research. To bring together the discussion around language use in diverse contexts, this study investigated the commonalities between the two constructs by emphasizing the role of discourse knowledge. In doing this, the current study advanced the theoretical understanding of discourse knowledge by identifying its various aspects such as audience awareness (perspective taking), background knowledge, and genre awareness. Furthermore, pedagogical implications are made regarding how discourse knowledge should be explicitly taught to all learners of English, given its importance.

결절맥락막혈관병증 환자에서 라니비주맙치료군과 애플리버셉트치료군 간의 치료 효과 비교

Minkyung Song,Ah Ran Cho,Yoon Jeon Kim,June-Gone Kim,Young Hee Yoon,Joo Yong Lee 한국망막학회 2018 Journal of Retina Vol.3 No.1

Purpose: To compare the clinical efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab and aflibercept in treatment-naïve patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 82 eyes with treatment-naïve PCV who were treated with ranibizumab or aflibercept and followed for at least six months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT) as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and polyp size in indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were used for evaluation. The primary endpoint was change at 12 months relative to baseline with respect to BCVA and CFT. Secondary endpoints were anatomical changes in OCT and ICGA findings from baseline. Results: Data from 46 eyes were considered for the primary endpoint. Twenty-five and 21 eyes received ranibizumab and aflibercept, respectively. Statistically significant improvements in BCVA and CFT compared with baseline were noted in both groups. Of 82 eyes assessed for secondary endpoints, 52 and 30 received ranibizumab and aflibercept, respectively. The subretinal fluid , pigment epithelial detachment , and subfoveal thickness decreased significantly throughout the follow-up in each group. Polyp regression was found in 37.5% and 32.4% of the ranibizumab- and aflibercept-treated groups, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the treatment results between the drugs. Conclusions: In a comparison of the clinical efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab and that of aflibercept in patients with PCV, the treatment groups showed similar clinical results in terms of functional and anatomical outcomes after 12 months.

Development of a Pastor Competency Model

Minkyung Sung,Sungho Kwon 한국기독교교육정보학회 2011 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.19

The purpose of this study is to develop a pastor competency model by exploring tasks that pastors routinely perform, by identifying pastors' competencies, and by analyzing these competencies according to knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Twenty-five pastors working at G church of 5000 members participated in the survey and in the workshop. Based on the results of this study, we suggest a pastor competency model for churches of 3000 to 6000 members. Results show that pastors routinely perform tasks of teaching, preaching, managing, leading, and caring. In order to carry out these tasks effectively, pastors need competencies in mastery of the Bible, sermon preparation, acquisition of information about members, organization of knowledge about members, administration, management, communications, relationships, integrity, spirituality, passion, love, obedience, and sensitivity. These competencies are divided into three domains: knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In addition, competencies are classified into intrapersonal and interpersonal domains. Among these three domains, pastors gain knowledge first, skills second, and attitudes last, while performing roles of preachers, teachers, leaders, and administrators of the local church.

Optionality as Local Optimality in Serialism

Minkyung Lee 한국언어과학회 2011 언어과학 Vol.18 No.3

Harmonic Serialism (HS), a derivational version of OT, hinges upon two main premises of gradualness and harmonic improvement. Optimality in HS is always evaluated in a gradual, local, and consistent mode. Revisiting and reanalyzing Korean vowel hiatus phenomena in serial OT, this paper claims that optionality reflects HS's unique property of local optimality. To avoid vowel hiatus at a boundary in Korean, Vowel Coalescence (VC) or Glide Formation (GF) arises. In fact, hiatus remains unresolved while it is fixed via VC or GF optionally sometimes and obligatorily some other times. In essence, multiple optima result from different harmony improvement paths, a local variant with a gradual harmony ascent and a global variant from no gradual path to harmonic improvement

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Fruit Traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Minkyung Kim,Sung-Chur Sim 한국원예학회 2019 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2019 No.5

Uniformity Analysis of Korean Verbal Conjugative Suffixes and Their Historical Changes : Focus on Inflectional Affixation

Minkyung Lee 한국언어학회 2006 언어 Vol.31 No.1

Harmonic Serialism and Phonological Opacity

Minkyung Lee 한국언어학회 2018 언어 Vol.43 No.4

Opacity, non-surface-true or non-surface-apparent, is quite problematic in a parallel version of Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince & Smolensky, 1993/2004; McCarthy & Prince, 1995) since it does not recognize the intermediate levels of derivation due to the direct mapping from an input to an output, i.e. globalism. However, OT based upon Harmonic Serialism (HS) (McCarthy, 2007, 2009) allows intermediate forms via the mechanism of candidate chains (CCs), which means that optimality is local and harmony is gradual. With a candidate as a chain shaped, a Precedence constraint (Prec) selects an opaque form as optimal via controlling the violation order of faithfulness constraints in a chain. In order to diagnose and verify that HS-oriented OT with CCs and Prec, so-called OT-CC, is quite straightforward for the analysis of opacity in phonology, the opacity phenomena found in the target language of Kinyarwanda are examined and analyzed. Under the pivotal role of Prec, palatalization is underapplied and nasal assimilation is overapplied at the surface.

C-to-C correspondence and agreement-at-a-distance

Minkyung Lee 한국음운론학회 2018 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.24 No.3

Assimilation as feature agreement is attributed to two distinct modes: local, by autosegmental spreading; and long-distance, by correspondence. As evidenced in Kinyarwanda, a Bantu language in which feature agreement from a palatal trigger to the preceding targets involves longdistance action, assimilation can occur without autosegmental spreading. In Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince and Smolensky 1993/2004, McCarthy and Prince 1995), prospreading markedness constraints like Align are responsible for such long-distance harmony, but they are caught in a serious pathology (McCarthy 2003, 2009). In addition, identity-referring Correspondence (Corr) constraints (Walker 1999, 2000a, 2000b) are criticized due to their redundant characteristic, i.e. there is no need for Corr constraints. As an alternative, Max-CC via consonant-consonant or CC correspondence (McCarthy 2010) replace Corr constraints without regard to featural identity. In essence, feature agreement at a distance results from the co-work of Ident-CC(F) checking featural identity between Cs in correspondence and Max-CC demanding co-indexation between Cs in the output under OT.