Clinical manifestations and survival rate in women with endometrial cancer according to endometriosis

( Minkyung Lee ),( Kyungjin Lee ),( Taehee Kim ),( Yejeong Kim ),( Sina Jang ),( Banghyun Lee ),( Sung Ook Hwang ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate clinical manifestations and survival rate according to endometriosis in Korean women with endometrial cancer using the nationwide cohort study. Methods: We selected 11,497 women newly diagnosed with endometrial cancer between 2008 and 2016 from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service databases. Women with endometrial cancer were defined as women with five or more diagnostic codes for endometrial cancer and no diagnostic code for any other cancer. Endometriosis was defined as presence of a diagnostic N80X code with associated procedures that included fulguration, ovarian cystectomy, adnexectomy, and hysterectomy within 60 days before or after an initial diagnostic code. Results: The data from 2,142 women (18.6%) with endometriosis and 9,355 women (81.4%) without endometriosis were extracted for analysis. Age at diagnosis of endometrial cancer was lower in women with endometriosis compared to those without endometriosis (years, 52.3±8.9 vs 54.6±9.8, P < 0.001). Compared with women without endometriosis, frequency of those with endometriosis were higher between 30 and 49 years (37.4% vs 28.3%) and lower between 60 and 79 years (18.3% vs 28.8%). Frequencies of type 2 diabetes were not different between the groups. Adjuvant radiation therapy after surgery was performed in less frequency in women with endometriosis compared to those without endometriosis (20% vs 23.4%, P < 0.001). However, rate of adjuvant chemotherapy was not different between the groups. Moreover, overall survivals were not different between the groups. Conclusion: Women with endometriosis occur endometrial cancer in relatively younger age. Endometriosis is not associated with survival of endometrial cancer

Consonant Cluster Reduction and Markedness-oriented PREC in Korean

Minkyung Lee 한국언어과학회 2008 한국언어과학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.08

This paper reexamines consonant cluster (henceforth CC) simplification phenomenon found in Korean and provides an analysis focused on markedness-based Prec within the framework of Optimality Theory Candidate Chain (hereafter OT-CC) (McCarthy 2006, 2007). Given Iverson & Lee 1994, Kenstowicz 1995, M. Lee 1998 and others, Korean disfavors a complex CC. Thus, C1C2 in coda is obligatorily simplified. Interestingly, Korean CC-reduction is asymmetric. When the consonant clusters are obstruents, the first member survives. However, if C1 is a sonorant, it is removed. Further, when a consonant-initial suffix follows, CC-reduction causes a suffixial tensification. OT-CC (McCarthy 2006, 2007) allows an intermediate derivation via the faithfulness violation of candidate chains. Faithfulness violation arises gradually within a chain, resulting in markedness improvement. However, this paper argues that Precedence constraint (henceforth Prec) reflecting the violation order of faithfulness constraints does not conform to the metaconstraint requirement, B >> Prec (A, B) (McCarthy 2007). To resolve this metaconstraint conflict, this paper employes markedness-oriented Prec (Y. Lee 2006) counting the satisfaction order of markedness constraints. Given the markedness-based Prec under OT-CC, Korean CC-reduction can be dealt with in a consistent way. For the case of [pap.t'a] from /palp+ta/ 'to tread on', Prec (POT,*CC) plays a key role in blocking the competitor *[pap.t'a] resulting from the simultaneous satisfaction of POT and *CC. Note that the presence of *CC satisfaction precedes that of POT satisfaction. Further, if there is the opposition or simultaneity in the satisfaction order of markedness constraints, it causes the Prec violation as well. In Korean, underlying CC is obligatorily reduced on the surface to satisfy *CC (=No complex coda) in sacrifice of Max-type constraints. In addition, CodaCond regulates some features like [+SG], [-ant], [+cont] in coda position. Thus, these features cannot surface in Korean. As such, Prec reflecting the order of markedness satisfaction better meets the basic spirit of the ranking metaconstraint B >> Prec(A, B) and also provides a systematic analysis on Korean CC-reduction.

Beneficial Effects of Melatonin Combined with Exercise on Endogenous Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Proliferation after Spinal Cord Injury

Lee, Youngjeon,Lee, Seunghoon,Lee, Sang-Rae,Park, Kanghui,Hong, Yunkyung,Lee, Minkyung,Park, Sookyoung,Jin, Yunho,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yonggeun Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.15 No.2

<P>Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (eNSPCs) proliferate and differentiate into neurons and glial cells after spinal cord injury (SCI). We have previously shown that melatonin (MT) plus exercise (Ex) had a synergistic effect on functional recovery after SCI. Thus, we hypothesized that combined therapy including melatonin and exercise might exert a beneficial effect on eNSPCs after SCI. Melatonin was administered twice a day and exercise was performed on a treadmill for 15 min, six days per week for 3 weeks after SCI. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis were used to determine cell population for late response, in conjunction with histological examination and motor function test. There was marked improvement in hindlimb function in SCI+MT+Ex group at day 14 and 21 after injury, as documented by the reduced size of the spinal lesion and a higher density of dendritic spines and axons; such functional improvements were associated with increased numbers of BrdU-positive cells. Furthermore, MAP2 was increased in the injured thoracic segment, while GFAP was increased in the cervical segment, along with elevated numbers of BrdU-positive nestin-expressing eNSPCs in the SCI+MT+Ex group. The dendritic spine density was augmented markedly in SCI+MT and SCI+MT+Ex groups. These results suggest a synergistic effect of SCI+MT+Ex might create a microenvironment to facilitate proliferation of eNSPCs to effectively replace injured cells and to improve regeneration in SCI.</P>

Aβ pathology downregulates brain mGluR5 density in a mouse model of Alzheimer

Lee, Minkyung,Lee, Hae-June,Park, In Suh,Park, Ji-Ae,Kwon, Yeon Ju,Ryu, Young Hoon,Kim, Chul Hoon,Kang, Joo Hyun,Hyun, In Young,Lee, Kyo Chul,Choi, Jae Yong Pergamon Press 2018 Neuropharmacology Vol.133 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of the present study was to evaluate functional changes of mGluR5 expression in advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) using positron emission tomography (PET) with an mGluR5 specific radiotracer ([<SUP>18</SUP>F]FPEB) in 5xFAD AD model. Subsequently, in the same animal, mGluR5 expression was quantified by immunoassay techniques. The non-displaceable binding potential values for mGluR5 was estimated by the Logan's graphical analysis. Brain PET imaging revealed that radioactivities in the hippocampus and the striatum were significantly lower in 5xFAD mice compared to control animals. Binding values were also significantly lowered in 5xFAD mice. This decline was validated by immunoblotting of protein isolates from brain tissues, as the mean band density for 5xFAD mice had a lower mGluR5 intensity than for wild type mice. These results indicated that mGluR5 levels in 5xFAD mice were down regulated in the limbic system.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Compared with control group, radioactivities in the mGluR5 rich regions such as hippocampus and striatum showed lower uptakes in the 5xFAD group. </LI> <LI> Binding potential values for 5xFAD group also lower than those in the control group. </LI> <LI> These PET findings were validated by immunoblotting. </LI> <LI> Down-regulation of mGluR5 in the AD mice was successfully identified by [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FPEB PET. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Growth of Highly Single Crystalline IrO₂ Nanowires and Their Electrochemical Applications

Lee, Yumin,Kang, Minkyung,Shim, Jun Ho,Lee, Nam-Suk,Baik, Jeong Min,Lee, Youngmi,Lee, Chongmok,Kim, Myung Hwa American Chemical Society 2012 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.116 No.34

<P>We present the facile growth of highly single crystalline iridium dioxide (IrO<SUB>2</SUB>) nanowires on SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si and Au substrates via a simple vapor phase transport process under atmospheric pressure without any catalyst. Particularly, high-density needle-like IrO<SUB>2</SUB> nanowires were readily obtained on a single Au microwire, suggesting that the melted surface layer of Au might effectively enhance the nucleation of gaseous IrO<SUB>3</SUB> precursors at the growth temperature. In addition, all the electrochemical observations of the directly grown IrO<SUB>2</SUB> nanowires on a single Au microwire support favorable electron-transfer kinetics of [Fe(CN<SUB>6</SUB>)]<SUP>4–/3–</SUP> as well as Ru(NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>3+/2+</SUP> at the highly oriented crystalline IrO<SUB>2</SUB> nanowire surface. Furthermore, stable pH response is shown, revealing potential for use as a miniaturized pH sensor, confirmed by the calibration curve exhibiting super-Nernstian behavior with a slope of 71.6 mV pH<SUP>–1</SUP>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-34/jp306900m/production/images/medium/jp-2012-06900m_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp306900m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

LPG충전소 유휴공간의 태양광발전설비 설치 유효성

이민경(Minkyung Lee),김정환(Jeonghwan Kim),이진한(Jinhan Lee),조영도(Youngdo Joe),이연재(Yeonjae Lee) 한국가스학회 2016 한국가스학회지 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this study is safety evaluation of solar energy generation which is installed on the canopy at the LPG filling station. in case of a gas station, the solar energy generation was become legalization through a related law reform in 2008. Also, in case of a LPG filling station, the solar energy generation was become legalization through a related law reform in 2015. So, the related law that KGS CODE and Safety control of dangerous substances law and the case of installed solar energy generation in gas, LPG filling station was investigated. two scenarios are supposed for the CFD. Release of safety valve pipeline and ruptured dispenser leakage are the scenarios. The FLACS which developed GexCon in Norway was used for simulation. LPG dispersion to the upper side of canopy was very small with safety distance.

LNG 시설의 가스누출 시뮬레이션

이민경(Minkyung Lee),김정환(Jeonghwan Kim),이진한(Jinhan Lee),이제관(Jaekwan Lee),이연재(Yeonjae Lee) 한국가스학회 2016 한국가스학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

Single Carbon Fiber Decorated with RuO₂ Nanorods as a Highly Electrocatalytic Sensing Element

Kang, Minkyung,Lee, Yumin,Jung, Hayoung,Shim, Jun Ho,Lee, Nam-Suk,Baik, Jeong Min,Lee, Sang Cheol,Lee, Chongmok,Lee, Youngmi,Kim, Myung Hwa American Chemical Society 2012 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.84 No.21

<P>We demonstrate highly efficient electocatalytic activities of single crystalline RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorods grown on carbon fiber (CF), i.e., RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod-CF hybrid microelectrode, prepared by a simple thermal annealing process from the Ru(OH)<SUB>3</SUB> precursor at 300 °C. The general electrochemical activity of a RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod-CF microelectrode represents faster electron transfer for the [Fe(CN)<SUB>6</SUB>]<SUP>3–/4–</SUP> couple than that of the bare CF microelectrode which are confirmed from the cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. Also, the amperometric response for the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> oxidation is remarkably facilitated at the RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod-CF microelectrode by not only the enlarged surface area but the high electrocatalytic activity of the RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod material itself. Furthermore, a single microelectrode of RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod-CF exhibits the superior tolerance to Cl<SUP>–</SUP> ion poisoning unlike Pt-based electrocatalysts, indicating the promising sensor candidate in physiological conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2012/ancham.2012.84.issue-21/ac302334t/production/images/medium/ac-2012-02334t_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac302334t'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Clinical Application of Pharmacogenomics in Stroke Management: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Keon-Joo Lee,Minkyung Kang,Eung Joon Lee,Jaeseong Oh,Na-Young Han,Jeong-Yoon Lee,Joo-Yeon Lee,Soo Ji Lee,Stéphanie Debette,Guillaume Paré,Daniel Woo,Andrew Eldeiry,Young Seo Kim,Jinkwon Kim,Jong-Moo P 대한뇌졸중학회 2026 Journal of stroke Vol.28 No.1

Pharmacogenomic variations may significantly influence responses to commonly prescribed stroke medications. Despite accumulating evidence, genetic testing has not yet been widely integrated into stroke care. This review summarizes current evidence and provides practical guidance for clinical implementation. Pharmacogenomic studies and clinical guidelines related to antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and statins were reviewed, with particular emphasis on East Asian populations. Substantial evidence supports genotype-guided use of clopidogrel (CYP2C19), warfarin (CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2), and statins (SLCO1B1, ABCG2). For aspirin, PTGS1/2 and PEAR1 variants have been investigated; however, current data remain insufficient for clinical application. Regarding direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), candidate genes such as ABCB1 and CES1 demonstrate pharmacokinetic associations, though robust clinical outcome data are lacking. Distinct allele frequencies in East Asians—such as higher prevalence of CYP2C19 and ABCG2 variants—underscore the need for population-specific strategies. Beyond single-gene approaches, polygenic risk scores, pharmacogenomic panels, and integration with multi-omics data and artificial intelligence represent promising directions for personalized therapy. Pharmacogenomic testing can enhance stroke pharmacotherapy, particularly in populations with high frequencies of actionable variants. Broader implementation requires rapid testing platforms, clinician education, tailored clinical guidelines, and real-world validation of aspirin, DOACs, and multi-gene approaches. Future research should expand population-specific studies and integrate pharmacogenomics within the broader framework of precision medicine to ensure equitable clinical benefit.

Highly Efficient Electrochemical Responses on Single Crystalline Ruthenium–Vanadium Mixed Metal Oxide Nanowires

Chun, Sung Hee,Choi, Hyun-A,Kang, Minkyung,Koh, Moonjee,Lee, Nam-Suk,Lee, Sang Cheol,Lee, Minyung,Lee, Youngmi,Lee, Chongmok,Kim, Myung Hwa American Chemical Society 2013 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.5 No.17

<P>Highly efficient single crystalline ruthenium–vanadium mixed metal oxide (Ru<SUB>1–<I>x</I></SUB>V<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, 0 ≤ <I>x</I> ≤ 1) nanowires were prepared on a SiO<SUB>2</SUB> substrate and a commercial Au microelectrode for the first time through a vapor-phase transport process by adjusting the mixing ratios of RuO<SUB>2</SUB> and VO<SUB>2</SUB> precursors. Single crystalline Ru<SUB>1–<I>x</I></SUB>V<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> nanowires show homogeneous solid-solution characteristics as well as the distinct feature of having remarkably narrow dimensional distributions. The electrochemical observations of a Ru<SUB>1–<I>x</I></SUB>V<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> (<I>x</I> = 0.28 and 0.66)-decorated Au microelectrode using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrate favorable charge-transfer kinetics of [Fe(CN)<SUB>6</SUB>]<SUP>3–/4–</SUP> and Ru(NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>3+/2+</SUP> couples compared to that of a bare Au microelectrode. The catalytic activity of Ru<SUB>1–<I>x</I></SUB>V<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> for oxygen and H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> reduction at neutral pH increases as the fraction of vanadium increases within our experimental conditions, which might be useful in the area of biofuel cells and biosensors.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2013/aamick.2013.5.issue-17/am4016445/production/images/medium/am-2013-016445_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am4016445'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>