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Masayuki Fujita,Md Motiar Rohman,Md Daud Hossain 한국작물학회 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.1
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18), glyoxalase-I (EC 4.4.1.5) and alliin lyase (alliinase, EC 4.4.1.4) are important enzyme systems in plant bodies. The first two are mainly detoxifying enzymes that utilize glutathione (GSH) in the defense mechanism, and the last one is mainly involved in secondary metabolism and relevant to sulfur compounds derived from GSH. The activities of the three enzymes have been investigated in soluble extracts of vegetable crops, including pumpkin, cabbage, broccoli, radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, mungbean, and onion. GST activities were detected in all of the vegetables, and the extract of onion bulb exhibited the highest specific activity (648 nmol/min/mgP). The putative GSTs of most of the vegetables were found to be induced by ethanol. The activities of GSTs in onion bulb were found to be markedly inhibited by S-hexyl glutathione and were also inhibited by S-butyl glutathione and S-propyl glutathione. The anti- CmGSTF1 antiserum recognized a thick band for putative onion GST. The estimated glyoxalase-I activity level was also high in onion bulb (4540 nmol/min/mgP), indicating that the thick band detected by Western blot analysis might result from partial recognition of glyoxalase-I by the antiserum. The specific activities for glyoxalase-I were moderate in radish and carrot, and the extracts of other vegetables had rather low levels of activities. The extract of onion also showed the highest specific activity level for alliinase (2069nmol pyruvate/mgP). The extracts of other vegetables also had alliinase activities, although the estimated values were much lower than that of onion. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18), glyoxalase-I (EC 4.4.1.5) and alliin lyase (alliinase, EC 4.4.1.4) are important enzyme systems in plant bodies. The first two are mainly detoxifying enzymes that utilize glutathione (GSH) in the defense mechanism, and the last one is mainly involved in secondary metabolism and relevant to sulfur compounds derived from GSH. The activities of the three enzymes have been investigated in soluble extracts of vegetable crops, including pumpkin, cabbage, broccoli, radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, mungbean, and onion. GST activities were detected in all of the vegetables, and the extract of onion bulb exhibited the highest specific activity (648 nmol/min/mgP). The putative GSTs of most of the vegetables were found to be induced by ethanol. The activities of GSTs in onion bulb were found to be markedly inhibited by S-hexyl glutathione and were also inhibited by S-butyl glutathione and S-propyl glutathione. The anti- CmGSTF1 antiserum recognized a thick band for putative onion GST. The estimated glyoxalase-I activity level was also high in onion bulb (4540 nmol/min/mgP), indicating that the thick band detected by Western blot analysis might result from partial recognition of glyoxalase-I by the antiserum. The specific activities for glyoxalase-I were moderate in radish and carrot, and the extracts of other vegetables had rather low levels of activities. The extract of onion also showed the highest specific activity level for alliinase (2069nmol pyruvate/mgP). The extracts of other vegetables also had alliinase activities, although the estimated values were much lower than that of onion.
Masayuki Fujita,Md. Daud Hossain,Toshisada Suzuki 한국작물학회 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.2
Distributions of physiological inhibitors of a tau-type pumpkin glutathione S-transferase (CmGSTU3) have been investigated in different organs of pumpkin plants, as well as onion bulb and water hyacinth root. Inhibitory effects were observed in alcoholic extracts of all plant parts, but the extracts prepared from the roots of either water hyacinth or pumpkin plant showed the highest effect on CmGSTU3 toward 1-chloro-2,4- dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Results of various chromatographies indicated that a number of inhibitory substances were present in the alcoholic extract of each plant organ. Some macromolecules in the plant extracts exhibited inhibitory effects; however, the extracts might contain a large number of unknown, low-molecular-weight inhibitory substances. Some of the low-molecular-weight inhibitors in water hyacinth root extract showed characteristic fluorescence under UV light. Distributions of physiological inhibitors of a tau-type pumpkin glutathione S-transferase (CmGSTU3) have been investigated in different organs of pumpkin plants, as well as onion bulb and water hyacinth root. Inhibitory effects were observed in alcoholic extracts of all plant parts, but the extracts prepared from the roots of either water hyacinth or pumpkin plant showed the highest effect on CmGSTU3 toward 1-chloro-2,4- dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Results of various chromatographies indicated that a number of inhibitory substances were present in the alcoholic extract of each plant organ. Some macromolecules in the plant extracts exhibited inhibitory effects; however, the extracts might contain a large number of unknown, low-molecular-weight inhibitory substances. Some of the low-molecular-weight inhibitors in water hyacinth root extract showed characteristic fluorescence under UV light.
Antiferromagnetic Resonance in the Quasi-one-dimensional Magnet IPACu(ClxBr1−x)3 (x=0.83)
Takahito Fujita,Masayuki Hagiwara,Hirotaka Manaka 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.12
We have performed multi-frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) and magnetization measurementson single crystals of the quasi one-dimensional magnet IPACu(ClxBr1−x)3 (x=0.83) in magneticfields H along the b-axis at temperatures below an antiferromagnetic long-range orderingtemperature (TN ' 13 K). We observed some ESR branches for typical antiferromagnetic modeswith biaxial anisotropy at 1.5 K ( TN). We have analyzed the magnetization curve and the ESRexcitation modes for Hkb by using a two sub-lattice model and obtained good agreement betweenexperiment and calculation. In addition, we show that the origin of a field-induced magnetizationjump is a spin-flop transition. These results show that the phase at temperatures below TN in thisCl-Br mixed compound can be described as a simple two sub-lattice antiferromagnet.
Predictive Control and Estimation for Systems with Information Structured Constraints
Toru Namerikawa,Takeshi Hatanaka,Masayuki Fujita 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
This paper deals with a predictive control and estimation problem with information structured constraints in a constrained finite-time optimal control framework. A large-scale system with information structures is defined as a system in which each subsystem collects spatio-temporally different information, and in general it is necessary to collect and process information in a distributed fashion. We propose a novel predictive control scheme and an estimation law with local information that each distributed subsystem obtains. The effectiveness of the proposed control and estimation law is evaluated through numerical simulations of a simplified micro grid.
Md. Mahabub Alam,Masayuki Fujita,Kamrun Nahar,Mirza Hasanuzzaman 한국식물생명공학회 2014 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.8 No.3
This study examined the ability of jasmonicacid (JA) to enhance drought tolerance in different Brassicaspecies in terms of physiological parameters, antioxidantsdefense, and glyoxalase system. Ten-day-oldseedlings were exposed to drought (15 % polyethyleneglycol, PEG-6000) either alone or in combination with0.5 mM JA. Drought significantly increased lipoxygenaseactivity and oxidative stress, levels of malondialdehyde andH2O2. Drought reduced seedling biomass, chlorophyll (chl)content, and leaf relative water content (RWC). Droughtincreased proline, oxidized ascorbate (DHA) and glutathionedisulfide (GSSG) levels. Drought affected differentspecies differently: in B. napus, catalase (CAT) and glyoxalaseII (Gly II) activities were decreased, while glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activities were increased in drought-stressed comparedto unstressed plants; in B. campestris, activities ofglutathione reductase (GR), glyoxalase I (Gly I), GST, andGPX were increased, monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), CAT andother enzymes were decreased; in B. juncea, activities ofascorbate peroxidase, GR, GPX, Gly I were increased; GlyII activity was decreased and other enzymes did notchange. Spraying drought-stressed seedlings with JAincreased GR and Gly I activities in B. napus; increasedMDHAR activity in B. campestris; and increased DHAR,GR, GPX, Gly I and Gly II activities in B. juncea. JAimproved fresh weight, chl, RWC in all species, dry weightincreased only in B. juncea. Brassica juncea had the lowestoxidative stress under drought, indicating its naturaldrought tolerance capacity. The JA improved drought toleranceof B. juncea to the highest level among studiedspecies.