Piperine increases striatal levels of DA and TH and decreases α-syn and Aβ42 deposition in PDD mice by regulting autophagy: downexpression Beclin-1 and LC3B and upexpression p62

Huang Liping,Zhong Xiaoqin,Zhou Zhongliu,Cai Yuanliang,Deng Minzhen 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.3

Piperine, the major pharmacological ingredient of pepper, can delay the procession of neuropharmacological effects, but its effects and mechanisms on Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) mice is still unclear, we investigated whether piperine could help treating PDD mice. Here, PDD mice were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12/group): a normal control group, a PDD model group, a madopar group, an autophagy inhibitor group, an autophagy activator group, and groups receiving low, medium or high doses of piperine respectively. The normal control and PDD model mice were injected with saline. Treatments were administered to the mice once per day continuously for 30 days. The behavioral tests were assessed. Dopamine (DA), Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAO-B), DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), β-secretase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid β42 (Aβ42), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were detected. α-synuclein (α-syn), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), HSP90, Beclin-1, LC3B, p62 mRNA levels and miRNA-99a-5p expression were determined. Neuronal histology was observed. The behavior of PDD mice improved significantly after peperine treatment compared with the PDD model mice. In addition, our results also showed that peperine treatment increased DA, TH, DDC and p62 levels, decreased MAOB, β-secretase, AChE, Aβ42, TNF-α, IL-6, Beclin-1 and LC3B levels, and down-regulated α-syn, HSP90, Beclin-1, LC3B mRNA levels and miR-99a-5p expression. These findings suggest that piperine may reduce the expression of mmu-miR-99a-5p and autophagy-related factors (HSP90, Beclin-1, LC3B and p62) to alleviate the neurological impairment of PDD mice, which is shown to slow down the process of DA metabolism and Aβ production and resist neuroinflammation. Piperine, the major pharmacological ingredient of pepper, can delay the procession of neuropharmacological effects, but its effects and mechanisms on Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) mice is still unclear, we investigated whether piperine could help treating PDD mice. Here, PDD mice were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12/group): a normal control group, a PDD model group, a madopar group, an autophagy inhibitor group, an autophagy activator group, and groups receiving low, medium or high doses of piperine respectively. The normal control and PDD model mice were injected with saline. Treatments were administered to the mice once per day continuously for 30 days. The behavioral tests were assessed. Dopamine (DA), Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAO-B), DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), β-secretase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid β 42 (Aβ 42 ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were detected. α-synuclein (α-syn), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), HSP90, Beclin-1, LC3B, p62 mRNA levels and miRNA-99a-5p expression were determined. Neuronal histology was observed. The behavior of PDD mice improved significantly after peperine treatment compared with the PDD model mice. In addition, our results also showed that peperine treatment increased DA, TH, DDC and p62 levels, decreased MAOB, β-secretase, AChE, Aβ 42 , TNF-α, IL-6, Beclin-1 and LC3B levels, and down-regulated α-syn, HSP90, Beclin-1, LC3B mRNA levels and miR-99a-5p expression. These findings suggest that piperine may reduce the expression of mmu-miR-99a-5p and autophagy-related factors (HSP90, Beclin-1, LC3B and p62) to alleviate the neurological impairment of PDD mice, which is shown to slow down the process of DA metabolism and Aβ production and resist neuroinflammation.

Trade in Tourism Service on the Basis of Tourism System: A Mixed-methods Study of South Koreans to the United States

최서희,최윤선,Liping A. Cai 한국무역학회 2023 Journal of Korea trade Vol.27 No.4

Purpose – Acknowledging the limitations of the widely-used concept of destination image, this study proposes the concept of tourism image using trade in tourism service on the basis of Leiper’s (1990) tourism system. This new concept incorporates an image formed from South Koreans focusing on the tourist holistic experience relevant to the United States based on the tourist rather than the tourism destination. Design/methodology – A convergent parallel mixed-methods study design constituted the concept, which emerges from the analysis of narratives and quantitative examinations of South Koreans focusing on tourism experience to the United States. Findings – The study considers the following aspects in addition to destination image: first, images formed outside the destination, e.g., in the tourist generating region and the transit region; second, non-hedonic images, which are a part of the tourist experience despite not directly involving a visit to the tourist attractions; and third, non-service-driven elements, such as co-created destination images formed from interaction with residents and fellow tourists. Originality/value – The tourism image concept allows consideration of aspects that have been overlooked in destination image studies yet may affect the image of the tourism experience.

Rethinking Destination Image within the Context of Country Image to Attain Sustainable Destination Management

Suh-hee Choi(최서희),Liping-A. Cai(리핑 아 차이) 지속가능과학회 2015 STSS지속가능과학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

A modified error-oriented weight positioning model based on DV-Hop

Penghong Wang,Xingjuan Cai,Liping Xie 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.2

The distance vector-hop (DV-Hop) is one of the emblematic algorithms that use node connectivity for locating, which often accompanies by a large positioning error. To reduce positioning error, the bio-inspired algorithm and weight optimization model are introduced to address positioning. Most scholars argue that the weight value decreases as the hop counts increases. However, this point of view ignores the intrinsic relationship between the error and weight. To address this issue, this paper constructs the relationship model between error and hop counts based on actual communication characteristics of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network. Additionally, we prove that the error converges to 1/6CR when the hop count increase and tendency to infinity. Finally, this paper presents a modified error-oriented weight positioning model, and implements it with genetic algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate excellent robustness and error removal.

Behavior of concrete columns confined with both steel angles and spiral hoops under axial compression

Chunheng Zhou,Zongping Chen,Sheldon Q. Shi,Liping Cai 국제구조공학회 2018 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.27 No.6

This study proposed a new type of concrete column that was confined with both steel angles and spiral hoops, named angle-steel and spiral confined concrete (ASCC) column. A total of 22 ASCC stub columns were tested under axial compression to investigate their behavior. For a comparison, three angle-steel reinforced concrete (ARC) stub columns were also tested. The test results indicated that ASCC column had a superior mechanical performance. The strength, ductility and energy absorption were considerably increased due to the improvement of confinement from spiral hoops. The confinement behavior and failure mechanism of ASCC column were investigated by the analysis of failure mode, load-deformation curve and sectionstrain distribution. Parametric studies were carried out to examine the influences of different parameters on the axial compression behavior of ASCC columns. A calculation approach was developed to predict the ultimate load carrying capacity of ASCC columns under axial compression. It was validated that the predicted results were in well agreement with the experimental results.

Structural performance of novel SCARC column under axial and eccentric loads

Chunheng Zhou,Zongping Chen,Junhua Li,Liping Cai,Zhenhua Huang 국제구조공학회 2020 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.37 No.5

A novel spiral confined angle-steel reinforced concrete (SCARC) column was developed in this study. A total of 16 specimens were prepared and tested (eight of them were tested under axial loading, the other eight were tested under eccentric loading). The failure processes and load-displacement relationships of specimens under axial and eccentric loads were examined, respectively. The load-carrying capacity and ductility were evaluated by parametric analysis. A calculation approach was developed to predict the axial and eccentric load-carrying capacity of these novel columns. Results showed that the spiral reinforcement provided enough confinement in SCARC columns under axial and low eccentric loads, but was not effective in that under high eccentric loads. The axial load-carrying capacity and ductility of SCARC columns were improved significantly due to the satisfactory confinement from spirals. The outer reinforcement and other construction measures were necessary for SCARC columns to prevent premature spalling of the concrete cover. The proposed calculation approach provided a reliable prediction of the load-carrying capacity of SCARC columns.

The putative polysaccharide synthase AfCps1 regulates Aspergillus fumigatus morphogenesis and conidia immune response in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages

Wang Sha,Yuan Anjie,Zeng Liping,Hou Sikai,Wang Meng,Li Lei,Cai Zhendong,Zhong Guowei 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.1

Aspergillus fumigatus is a well-known opportunistic pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis (IA) infections with high mortality in immunosuppressed individuals. Morphogenesis, including hyphal growth, conidiation, and cell wall biosynthesis is crucial in A. fumigatus pathogenesis. Based on a previous random insertional mutagenesis library, we identified the putative polysaccharide synthase gene Afcps1 and its paralog Afcps2. Homologs of the cps gene are commonly found in the genomes of most fungal and some bacterial pathogens. Afcps1/cpsA is important in sporulation, cell wall composition, and virulence. However, the precise regulation patterns of cell wall integrity by Afcps1/cpsA and further effects on the immune response are poorly understood. Specifically, our in-depth study revealed that Afcps1 affects cell-wall stability, showing an increased resistance of ΔAfcps1 to the chitinmicrofibril destabilizing compound calcofluor white (CFW) and susceptibility of ΔAfcps1 to the β-(1,3)-glucan synthase inhibitor echinocandin caspofungin (CS). Additionally, deletion of Afcps2 had a normal sporulation phenotype but caused hypersensitivity to Na+ stress, CFW, and Congo red (CR). Specifically, quantitative analysis of cell wall composition using high-performance anion exchange chromatography- pulsed amperometric detector (HPAEC-PAD) analysis revealed that depletion of Afcps1 reduced cell wall glucan and chitin contents, which was consistent with the downregulation of expression of the corresponding biosynthesis genes. Moreover, an elevated immune response stimulated by conidia of the ΔAfcps1 mutant in marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) during phagocytosis was observed. Thus, our study provided new insights into the function of polysaccharide synthase Cps1, which is necessary for the maintenance of cell wall stability and the adaptation of conidia to the immune response of macrophages in A. fumigatus.

웨스턴 레드시더 큰 정각재(正角材)의 고주파 진공 건조 특성

정희석,스티브로스아브라미디스,리핑카이 한국목재공학회 1998 목재공학 Vol.26 No.3

Western redcedar timber, 26 by 26㎝ in cross section and by 200㎝ long, was dried in a laboratory radio-frequency/vacuum kiln under 65torr of ambient pressure and a fixed frequency of 6.78㎒ for the potential rapidly dry large timber. All process data were collected and saved in a computer through a data acquisition system. The temperature in the middle of timber was higher than temperature at the quarter point of timber length and thickness. Temperature gradients developed in the longitudinal and transverse direction of timber. The pressure in the middle of timber was higher than pressure at the quarter point of timber length. The pressure in the middle of timber was lower in the early stage of drying, and higher in the latter stage of drying than pressure at the quarter point of timber thickness. Power density was very highest during heating period and then gradually decreased. The drying curve was approximately linear and the total drying time was 27 hours from an initial moisture content(MC) of 48.6 percent to a final MC of 19.2 percent with only a few mild internal checks in the middle location of timber.