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Genome-wide identification and evolution of TC1/Mariner in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome
Li‑Qin Xie,Ping‑Lan Wang,Shen‑Hua Jiang,Ze Zhang,Hua‑Hao Zhang 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.5
TC1/Mariner transposons belong to class II transposable elements (TEs) that use DNA-mediated “cut and paste” mechanism to transpose, and they have been identified in almost all organisms. Although silkworm (Bombyx mori) has a large amount of TC1/Mariner elements, the genome wide information of this superfamily in the silkworm is unknown. In this study, we have identified 2670 TC1/Mariner (Bmmar) elements in the silkworm genome. All the TEs were classified into 22 families by means of fgclust, a tool of repetitive sequence classification, seven of which was first reported in this study. Phylogenetic and structure analyses based on the catalytic domain (DDxD/E) of transposase sequences indicated that all members of TC1/Mariner were grouped into five subgroups: Mariner, Tc1, maT, DD40D and DD41D/E. Of these five subgroups, maT rather than Mariner possessed most members of TC1/Mariner (51.23%) in the silkworm genome. In particular, phylogenetic analysis and structure analysis revealed that Bmmar15 (DD40D) formed a new basal subgroup of TC1/Mariner element in insects, which was referred to as bmori. Furthermore, we concluded that DD40D appeared to intermediate between mariner and Tc1. Finally, we estimated the insertion time for each copy of TC1/Mariner in the silkworm and found that most of members were dramatically amplified during a period from 0 to 1 mya. Moreover, the detailed functional data analysis showed that Bmmar1, Bmmar6 and Bmmar9 had EST evidence and intact transposases. These implied that TC1/Mariner might have potential transpositional activity. In conclusion, this study provides some new insights into the landscape, origin and evolution of TC1/Mariner in the insect genomes.
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Ye Zhang,Li Wang,Wei Sun,Yue-hua Hu,Honghu Tang 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.81 No.-
Recent years have seen rapid improvement of technology and large-scale applications of lithium-ionbatteries, which leads to an increasing market demand for lithium. Since the land lithium resources arediminishing drastically, the sources of lithium extraction have shifted to the large amount of waterresources containing salt-lake brines and seawater. Among the varieties of aqueous recovery approaches,membrane technology seems to have huge development potential and good application prospect. This isbecause the membrane technologies exhibit excellent Li/Mg separation selectivity, with low energyconsumption and green process owing to no addition of chemicals. The present work reviews the latestadvances in various membrane technologies, including nanofiltration membrane, electrodialysis,membrane capacitive deionization approaches, solid electrolyte electrolysis-based technology, etc. Therecent developments in positively charged nanofiltration membrane are discussed in terms of thepreparation methods, membrane properties, and Li/Mg separation coefficient. In addition, the effects ofseveral factors on electrodialysis for lithium extraction and relevant mechanisms in both simple andactual saline systems are discussed, including applied voltage, VC/VD, and coexisting ions. Theapplications of electrodialysis with novel selective membrane involving nanofiltration membrane as wellas solid electrolyte membrane and perspectives for further investigation are proposed.
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Chang-ling Fan,Wei-hua Zhang,Tao-tao Zeng,Ling-fang Li,Xiang Zhang,Shao-chang Han 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.11
Poly(vinyl alcohol), whose pyrolysis carbon possesses high conductivity of 8.88 × 10−1 S/cm, was used to synthesize xLiFePO4/C·(1 − x)Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode. It was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, conductivity, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge and discharge experiments. Results show that LiFePO4/C and Li3V2(PO4)3/C coexists in the cathode. The particles sizes of 0.75LiFePO4/C·0.25Li3V2(PO4)3/C (x = 0.75) are much smaller than 100 nm due to the role of poly(vinyl alcohol). Its conductivity is 8.79 × 10−2 S/cm. The oxidative and reductive peaks in cyclic voltammetry are sharp and symmetrical. Their low potential gaps indicate that the extractions and insertions of lithium ion possess excellent reversibility. Its discharge capacities at 1 and 5 C are 141.1 and 100.1 mAh/g. The more Li3V2(PO4)3/C in cathode results in the deterioration of electrochemical performances due to its low theoretical capacity. It is concluded that poly(vinyl alcohol) is an effective carbon source in the preparation of xLiFePO4/C·(1 − x)Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode with excellent performances.
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The chemistry of two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets
Chhowalla, Manish,Shin, Hyeon Suk,Eda, Goki,Li, Lain-Jong,Loh, Kian Ping,Zhang, Hua Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2013 Nature chemistry Vol.5 No.4
Ultrathin two-dimensional nanosheets of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are fundamentally and technologically intriguing. In contrast to the graphene sheet, they are chemically versatile. Mono- or few-layered TMDs — obtained either through exfoliation of bulk materials or bottom-up syntheses — are direct-gap semiconductors whose bandgap energy, as well as carrier type (n- or p-type), varies between compounds depending on their composition, structure and dimensionality. In this Review, we describe how the tunable electronic structure of TMDs makes them attractive for a variety of applications. They have been investigated as chemically active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and hydrosulfurization, as well as electrically active materials in opto-electronics. Their morphologies and properties are also useful for energy storage applications such as electrodes for Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors.
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Cong, Xin,Zhang, Xue-Ming,Zhang, Yan,Wei, Tai,He, Qi-Hua,Zhang, Li-Wei,Hua, Hong,Lee, Sang-Woo,Park, Kyungpyo,Yu, Guang-Yan,Wu, Li-Ling Elsevier 2018 Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of Vol.1864 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes hyposecretion in salivary glands. Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) play crucial roles in salivation and barrier function of blood vessels. However, whether the alteration of endothelial TJs were involved in pathogenesis of SS was still unknown. Here, the ultrastructure and function of endothelial TJs in submandibular glands (SMGs) were detected by transmission electron microscopy and in vivo paracellular permeability assay in different aged NOD mouse model for SS. CFSE-labeled lymphocytes were injected into tail vein to trace the infiltration, while claudin-5 expression and distribution were detected by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blot. Results showed that the stimulated salivary flow rate was gradually decreased and lymphocytic infiltration was found as age increased in 12- and 21-week-old NOD mice, but not 7-week-old NOD mice. Blood vessels were dilated, while endothelial TJ width and paracellular tracer transport were increased in 12-week-old NOD mice. Moreover, the injected CFSE-labeled lymphocytes were observed in SMGs of 12-week-old NOD mice. Claudin-5 level was increased and relocalized from the apical portion of neighboring endothelial cells to lateral membranes and cytoplasm in 12-week-old NOD mice. Additionally, the alteration of claudin-5 expression and distribution was further confirmed in labial salivary glands and bilateral parotid glands from SS patients. In cultured human microvessel endothelial cell line (HMEC-1), IFN-γ stimulation significantly increased claudin-5 expression. Taken together, we identified that the endothelial TJ barrier was disrupted and contributed to the development of salivary hyposecretion and lymphocytic infiltration in SS.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Endothelial tight junction barrier is disrupted in hyposecretory submandibular glands from Sjögren's syndrome mouse model </LI> <LI> The disrupted salivary endothelial barrier is linked with lymphocytic infiltration in Sjögren's syndrome mouse model </LI> <LI> The redistribution of claudin-5 is responsible for disrupted endothelial barrier in salivary glands from Sjögren's syndrome </LI> </UL> </P>
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Li Li,Huan Wang,Fenglin Hua,Mingming Wang,Yuanshuo Zhang,Hui Xi,Jing Yang,Zhiwang Yang,Ziqiang Lei 한국고분자학회 2021 Macromolecular Research Vol.29 No.9
An effective ternary organic-inorganic composite flame retardant of reduced graphene oxide-poly-dopamine@graphitic carbon nitride@10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)- 10-H-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (RGO-PDA@g-C3N4@ODOPB) was successfully fabricated by co-precipitation method. Its property concerning the intrinsic flame retardancy and the mechanical performance was well studied when it was used as co-additives in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in epoxy resin (EP) samples. The surface morphology and the structure of RGO-PDA@g-C3N4 @ODOPB were characterized by SEM, and the molecular structure and compositions were investigated by FT-IR, powder XRD and 1H NMR. TGA, limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), cone calorimeter test, and SEM were also used to investigate the thermal properties and flame retardancy of materials. As expected, the flame retardancy of EP was significantly heightened after adding of RGOPDA@ g-C3N4@ODOPB composites. It showed that with the 20% adding of RGO-PDA@g-C3N4@ODOPB/APP into EP led to the decreasing of the peak heat release rate and the total heat release at 78% and 62.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the LOI value of the EP composites was as high as 29% and reached UL-94 V-0 rate. It was deemed that the excellent flame retardancy was attributed to the forming of compact and stable carbon layer, which was being catalytic carbonization by APP existed in the RGO-PDA@g-C3N4@ODOPB/APP composites. At the same time, the non-combustible gas released from thermal cracking of g-C3N4 during the combustion also benefited the flame retardant performance of EP.
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Hua-Ping Lin,Fan Zhou,Jun Li,Xiao-Wen Zhang,Dong-Bin Yu,Liang Zhang,Xue-Yin Jiang,Zhi-Lin Zhang 한국공업화학회 2011 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.17 No.4
This work demonstrated the fabrication of white organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) using a dual emitting layer (d-EML) consisting of blue and ‘white’ emitters. In this d-EML system, the blue emitter not only emits but also assists the incomplete energy transfer. More importantly, it behaves as an effective trapping site for holes, which contributes to the efficient recombination of electron–hole pairs. The d-EML was constructed between the hole-transmitting layer (HTL) and the electron-transmitting layer (ETL) of Alq3 and BPhen. The thickness of the blue emitter used in the d-EML devices has an important effect on chromaticity and efficiency. Through the optimization of device structure, the reasonable white emission with Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) and little color shift was obtained. The device showed an applicable luminance with its maximum luminance of 22,874 cd/m2 at a driving voltage of 16 V. The maximum luminance efficiency was achieved 8.10 cd/A,and the maximum power efficiency was reached 5.07 Lm/W. The result is explained with the help of the excitons generation and diffusion theory. According to the theory of excitons generation and diffusion,an equation has been set up which concerns electroluminescent spectra to the thickness of the two emitters and to the exciton diffusion length.
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Hua-Xing Huang,Liang-Lan Shen,Hai-Yan Huang,Li-Hua Zhao,Feng Xu,Dong-Mei Zhang,Xiu-Lin Zhang,Tong Chen,Xue-Qin Wang,Yan Xie,Jian-Bin Su 대한당뇨병학회 2021 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.45 No.6
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by elevated fasting glucagon and impaired suppression of postprandial glucagon secretion, which may participate in diabetic complications. Therefore, we investigated the associations of plasma glucagon with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in T2DM patients.Methods: Fasting glucagon and postchallenge glucagon (assessed by area under the glucagon curve [AUCgla]) levels were determined during oral glucose tolerance tests. Patients with an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g who presented with diabetic retinopathy were identified as having DKD.Results: Of the 2,436 recruited patients, fasting glucagon was correlated with eGFR and UACR (r=–0.112 and r=0.157, respectively; P<0.001), and AUCgla was also correlated with eGFR and UACR (r=–0.267 and r=0.234, respectively; P<0.001). Moreover, 31.7% (n=771) presented with DKD; the prevalence of DKD was 27.3%, 27.6%, 32.5%, and 39.2% in the first (Q1), second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth quartile (Q4) of fasting glucagon, respectively; and the corresponding prevalence for AUCgla was 25.9%, 22.7%, 33.7%, and 44.4%, respectively. Furthermore, after adjusting for other clinical covariates, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs; 95% confidence intervals) for DKD in Q2, Q3, and Q4 versus Q1 of fasting glucagon were 0.946 (0.697 to 1.284), 1.209 (0.895 to 1.634), and 1.521 (1.129 to 2.049), respectively; the corresponding ORs of AUCgla were 0.825 (0.611 to 1.114), 1.323 (0.989 to 1.769), and 2.066 (1.546 to 2.760), respectively. Additionally, when we restricted our analysis in patients with glycosylated hemoglobin <7.0% (n=471), we found fasting glucagon and AUCgla were still independently associated with DKD.Conclusion: Both increased fasting and postchallenge glucagon levels were independently associated with DKD in T2DM patients.
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