Variation of Nephrotoxicity Biomarkers by Urinary Storage Condition in Rats

Lee, Jung-Min,Han, Young-Hwan,Choi, Su-Jeong,Park, Ju-Seong,Jang, Jeong-Jun,Bae, Re-Ji-Na,Lee, Mi Ju,Kim, Myoung Jun,Lee, Yong-Hoon,Kim, Duyeol,Lee, Hye-Young,Park, Sun-Hee,Park, Cheol-Beom,Kang, Jin Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2014 Toxicological Research Vol.30 No.4

Recently, there has been an increase in the use of several nephrotoxicity biomarkers in preclinical experiments. In addition, it has been indicated that the result may have been influenced by secondary factors, such as sample storage condition or storage period. In this study, we have assessed the variation in urinary nephrotoxicity biomarkers as a result of urine storage conditions and storage period of the urine. Urine was sampled from specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats (19 weeks old), which were housed individually in hanged stainless steel wire mesh cages. Urine was stored at $20^{\circ}C$, at $4^{\circ}C$, or at $-70^{\circ}C$ after sampling. The levels of the biomarkers such as beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), cystatin-C (Cys-C), N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), micro albumin (MA), micro protein (MP) were measured at 6, 24, 48 and 144 hr after sampling. The B2M level was significantly decreased at 6, 24, 48, and 144 hr compared to 0 hr at $-70^{\circ}C$ (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively) and 24 and 144 hr at $20^{\circ}C$ (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). The Cys-C level was significantly decreased at 144 hr compared to 0 hr at $4^{\circ}C$ (p < 0.01), at $20^{\circ}C$ (p < 0.05) and at $70^{\circ}C$ (p < 0.01). MP and MA levels were not different for 144 hr in all storage conditions. Taken together, B2M and Cys-C levels were modulated by storage temperature and period. For the enhancement of test accuracy, it is suggested that strict protocols be established for samples to minimize the effects of the storage conditions on the detected levels of biomarkers.

Comparison of Monitor Units Obtained from Measurements and ADAC Planning System for High Energy Electrons

Lee, Re-Na,Choi, Jin-Ho,Suh, Hyun-Suk Korean Society of Medical Physics 2002 의학물리 Vol.13 No.4

본 논문에서는 표면조직에 있는 종양 치료 시 사용되고 있는 고에너지 전자선의 monitor unit을 다양한 방법에 의해 계산하여 평가 하고자 한다. 본 병원에서 6, 9, 그리고 12 MeV 전자선으로 치료한 33명의 유방암 환자가 선택되었다. 각 환자마다 모의 치료기에서 얻어진 시뮬레이션 필름에 불규칙한 모양의 전자선 블록이 제작되었다. 이러한 불규칙한 모양의 블록을 이용하여 최대선량 깊이에 100 cGy의 선량을 주기 위해 필요한 monitor unit 이 3차원 치료계획 시스템 (Pinnacle 6.0, ADAC Lab)을 사용하여 계산되었고 측정되었다. 선원과 표면 거리(SSD)가 100 cm 인 곳에서 plane parallel (PP) 이온전리함(Roos, OTW Germany) 을 사용하여 고체 물 팬텀 내에서 측정하였다. 불균등 조직에 대한 효과를 평가하기 위해 CT 데이터를 사용하였고 monitor unit을 균등조직 및 비균등조직 내에서 계산하였다. 균등조직으로 계산하기 위해 CT의 밀도를 1 g/㎤로 지정하였다. 이러한 방법에 의해 구해진 monitor unit 값들을 비교하였다. 한 지점에서 측정된 선량과 RTP에서 구해진 선량을 비교 할 때 측정된 값이 치료계획에 의해 계산된 값보다 조금 높았다. 평평한 고체 물 표면에 조사된 경우 측정된 값과 계산된 값에는 6 MeV 전자선의 경우 4%, 그리고 9 및 12 MeC 전자선의 경우 2%의 차이가 있었다. 또한 다양한 조사방향에서 CT 데이터를 사용하여 monitor unit을 계산한 경우 불균등한 조직의 밀도를 고려하여 계산된 값과 고려하지 않고 계산된 값은 모든 에너지에서 3% 이내의 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 전자선을 사용하여 유방암 치료 시 조직내의 불균등한 밀도를 고려하지 않고 monitor unit을 계산해도 큰 차이가 발생하지 않는다는 것을 의미한다. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the monitor unit obtained from various methods for the treatment of superficial cancers using electron beams. Thirty-three breast cancer patients who were treated in our institution with 6, 9, and 12 MeV electron beams, were selected for this study. For each patient, irregularly shaped treatment blocks were drawn on simulation film and constructed. Using the irregular blocks, monitor units to deliver 100 cGy to the dose maximum (dmax) were calculated from measurement and three-dimensional radiation treatment planning (3D RTP) system (PINNACLE 6.0, ADAC Laboratories, Milpitas CA) Measurements were made in solid water phantom with plane parallel (PP) chamber (Roos, OTW Germany) at 100 cm source-to surface distances. CT data was used to investigate the effect of heterogeneity. Monitor units were calculated by overriding CT values with 1 g/㎤ and in the presence of heterogeneity. The monitor unit values obtained by the above methods were compared. The dose, obtained from measurement in solid water phantom was higher than that of RTP values for irregularly shaped blocks. The maximum differences between monitor unit calculated in flat water phantom at gantry zero position were 4% for 6 MeV and 2% for 9 and 12 MeV electrons. When CT data was used at a various gantry angle the agreement between the TPS data with and without density correction was within 3% for all energies. These results indicate that there are no significant difference in terms of monitor unit when density is corrected for the treatment of breast cancer patients with electrons.

Conversion of glucose into fructose depending on the properties of hydrotalcites and reaction conditions

( Kyeo Re Lee ),( Sang Goo Jeon ),( Soo Hyun Chung ),( Dae Sung Lee ),( Chang Hyun Ko ),( Jeong-geol Na ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2023 I-CIPEC Vol.2012 No.0

학생의 입장에서 본 학교스포츠클럽 활성화 방안

원나래 ( Na Re Won ),최상진 ( Sang Jin Choi ),이슬기 ( Suel Ki Lee ),이승원 ( Seung Won Lee ),조규권 ( Gue Kwon Jo ) 중앙대학교 학교체육연구소 2015 Asian Journal of Physical Education of Sport Scien Vol.3 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 실제 학교스포츠클럽 현장을 방문하여 현제도의 운영현황과 실질적인 한계를 파악하고 학교스포츠클럽 강사의 입장에서 실질적인 활성화 방안들을 논의 하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 서울지역의 △△중학교와 □□중학교에 고용된 학교 스포츠클럽 강사들을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였다. 심층 면담은 질문지를 토대로 진행 되었으며, 질문지는 학교스포츠클럽의 효과, 학교스포츠클럽의 4P(Product, Place, Price, Promotion), 학교스포츠클럽 강사 처우 등의 질문들로 구성 되었다. 연구결과 첫째, Product측면에서 학교 스포츠클럽 강사의 전문성은 충분하나 프로그램을 제공하는 시간적 제한으로 인하여 한계가 발생함이 나타났다. 둘째, Place측면에서는 현재의 중학교 스포츠클럽 시설들은 프로그램 운영에 다소 부족한 부분이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, Price 측면의 경우 현행 무상 운영 체제로 진행되고 있지만 학교스포츠클럽 참여에 대한 일정 수준의 비용지불은 학생의 수업 참여도와 학부모의 관심을 높일 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, Promotion측면에서는 학교 스포츠클럽 강사들은 단순 프로그램 제공자에 그칠 뿐 참여 촉진을 위한 적극적인 Promotion을 하기에는 다소 제한적임이 나타났다. 마지막으로 스포츠 클럽강사에 대한 처우 개선은 강사의 스트레스에 영향을 미치고 본질적인 스포츠 프로그램 제공에까지 간접적 영향을 미칠 수 있음이 시사 되었다. Purpose of this study is to find student’s aspects of satisfaction and dissatisfaction in Sports-Club Activities by analyzing student’s survey. Second, to find the positive changes of students who is participated in Sports-Club Activity. Third, to figure out opinion of students about what efforts need to revitalize for Sport-Club Activity. Forth, to prove result of satisfaction of student’s awareness by effects of economical support, comparing ‘ㄱ’ middle school which has been economically supported by Creative management of Korean Style Sports Club, with ‘ㅅ’ middle school which did not supported. Compare ‘ㄱ’ middle school which has been selected by Korean style sports club creative management students’ satisfaction school with ‘ㄱ’ middle school which did not selected students’ satisfaction to prove that economical supports’ what effects to students’ satisfaction. The researchers were distributed total of 200 questionnaires in two different middle schools. ‘ㄱ’middle school and ‘ㅅ’ middle school which both located in Seoul. Surveyed 100 questionnaires for each school and all questionnaires were collected again. The results indicated that (1) students’ satisfaction was mostly positive in Sports-Club activity (2) the result of students’ positive change after participation in school sports club answered two different ways. One is showed the students changed in positive ways of life-happiness in the schooldays and relationship with teachers, whereas the other one showed less-score of positive changes in using time of computer (3) the awareness of students’ needs about approach of efforts which contribute revitalization of school sports clubs were high in both two schools. And survey demonstrated that needs of students to improve facilities of school (4) the positive frequency of ‘ㅅ’middle school was higher than ‘ㄱ’ middle school. “ㅅ” school was specified as Creative-Management school which financially supported by government. It is indicated that economical supports effect on student’s satisfaction.

Preparation of mechanically enhanced hydrogel scaffolds by incorporating interfacial polymer nanorods for nerve electrode application

Heo, Min,Lee, Sang Jin,Lee, Donghyun,Heo, Dong Nyoung,Lee, Jae Seo,Youn, Yun Hee,Lee, Si Eun,Ko, Na Re,Kim, Byung-Soo,Lim, Ho-Nam,Kwon, Il Keun 한국섬유공학회 2017 Fibers and polymers Vol.18 No.11

<P>Hydrogel-based integral nerve electrodes have been studied as an effective implant strategy for recovery after a spinal cord injury (SCI). However, a weak physical connection between the hydrogel and nerve electrode can lead to implant failure. In this study, we introduce poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanorods (PLANRs) as a new approach to improve the physical property, i.e. stability of agarose hydrogel-based integrated neuro-electrodes. The hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), rheometry, and tensile test machine. Thus, the hydrogels containing PLANRs displayed high mechanical properties. These interesting findings suggest that PLANRs enhance the mechanical properties of integral nerve electrode hydrogels making them useful materials in neural tissue engineering.</P>

Historical control data from 13-week repeated toxicity studies in Crj : CD (SD) rats

Jung-Min Lee,Min-Ah Lee,Hyeon-Nam Do,Yun-Ik Song,Re-Ji-Na Bae,Hye-Yeong Lee,Sun Hee Park,Jin Seok Kang,Jong-koo Kang 한국실험동물학회 2012 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.28 No.2

Reference ranges of standard experimental parameters are useful for comparisons in toxicology. The aim of this study was to collect data from 13-week repeated toxicity studies in Crl:CD (SD) rats, a strain widely used for toxicity and efficacy research, for establishing domestic reference values. Data on body weight, food consumption; urinalysis, hematological, and blood biochemical parameters; and organ weights were collected from 11 toxicity studies in 220 Crl:CD (SD) rats (110 males and 110 females). The studies had been performed at a single testing facility over the last 5 years and involved animals sourced from a single breeder. The findings were collated as means, standard deviations, percentages, and ranges. Urine volume, uterus weight, eosinophil, and basophil counts, and triglyceride, total bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels showed standard deviations of 30% or more. These historical control data would help to interpret the effects of test substances in routine toxicity and efficacy studies.

Variation of Nephrotoxicity Biomarkers by Urinary Storage Condition in Rats

Jung-Min Lee,Young-Hwan Han,Su-Jeong Choi,Ju-seong Park,Jeong-Jun Jang,Re-Ji-Na Bae,Mi Ju Lee,Myoung Jun Kim,Yong-Hoon Lee,Duyeol Kim,Hye-Young Lee,Sun-Hee Park,Cheol-Beom Park,Jin Seok Kang,Jong-Koo 한국독성학회 2014 Toxicological Research Vol.30 No.4

Recently, there has been an increase in the use of several nephrotoxicity biomarkers in preclinical experiments. In addition, it has been indicated that the result may have been influenced by secondary factors, such as sample storage condition or storage period. In this study, we have assessed the variation in urinary nephrotoxicity biomarkers as a result of urine storage conditions and storage period of the urine. Urine was sampled from specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats (19 weeks old), which were housed individually in hanged stainless steel wire mesh cages. Urine was stored at 20℃, at 4℃, or at ?70℃ after sampling. The levels of the biomarkers such as beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), cystatin-C (Cys-C), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), micro albumin (MA), micro protein (MP) were measured at 6, 24, 48 and 144 hr after sampling. The B2M level was significantly decreased at 6, 24, 48, and 144 hr compared to 0 hr at ?70℃ (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively) and 24 and 144 hr at 20℃ (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). The Cys-C level was significantly decreased at 144 hr compared to 0 hr at 4℃ (p < 0.01), at 20℃ (p < 0.05) and at 70℃ (p < 0.01). MP and MA levels were not different for 144 hr in all storage conditions. Taken together, B2M and Cys-C levels were modulated by storage temperature and period. For the enhancement of test accuracy, it is suggested that strict protocols be established for samples to minimize the effects of the storage conditions on the detected levels of biomarkers.

Historical Control Data from 4-week Repeated Toxicity Studies in Crj:CD (SD) Rats

Jung-Min Lee,Min-Ah Lee,Hyeon-Nam Do,Re-Ji-Na Bae,Mi Ju Lee,Myoung Jun Kim,Ho-Song Jang,Sun Hee Park,Hye-Yeong Lee,Jin Seok Kang,Jong-Koo Kang 대한의생명과학회 2012 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.18 No.3

Reference ranges of standard experimental parameters are useful for comparisons in toxicology. The aim of this study was to collect data from 4-week repeated toxicity studies in Crl:CD (SD) rats, a strain widely used for toxicity and efficacy research, for establishing domestic reference values. Data on body weight, food consumption; urinalysis, hematological, and blood biochemical parameters; and organ weights were collected from 16 toxicity studies in 220 Crl:CD (SD) rats (110 males and 110 females). The studies had been performed at a single testing facility over the last 3 years and involved animals sourced from a single breeder. The findings were collated as means, standard deviations, percentages, and ranges. Urine volume, uterus weight, eosinophil, and basophil counts, and triglyceride, total bilirubin, and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase levels showed standard deviations of 30% or more. These historical control data would help to interpret the effects of test substances in routine toxicity and efficacy studies.

Comparison of Ginsenoside Components of Jinan Red Ginseng Products for Quality Certification

Soo Chang Na(나수창),Re Jeong Jeon(전례정),Ji Won Lee(이지원),Chung Berm Park(박충범),Bo Hee Park(박보희) 한국약용작물학회 2019 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Factors predicting radiation pneumonitis in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Kim, Myung-Soo,Lee, Ji-Hae,Ha, Bo-Ram,Lee, Re-Na,Lee, Kyung-Ja,Suh, Hyun-Suk The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2011 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.29 No.3

Purpose: Thoracic radiotherapy is a major treatment modality of stage III non-small cell lung cancer. The normal lung tissue is sensitive to radiation and radiation pneumonitis is the most important dose-limiting complication of thoracic radiation therapy. This study was performed to identify the clinical and dosimetric parameters related to the risk of radiation pneumonitis after definitive radiotherapy in stage III non-small cell cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The medical records were reviewed for 49 patients who completed definitive radiation therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer from August 2000 to February 2010. Radiation therapy was delivered with the daily dose of 1.8 Gy to 2.0 Gy and the total radiation dose ranged from 50.0 Gy to 70.2 Gy (median, 61.2 Gy). Elective nodal irradiation was delivered at a dose of 45.0 Gy to 50.0 Gy. Seven patients (14.3%) were treated with radiation therapy alone and forty two patients (85.7%) were treated with chemotherapy either sequentially or concurrently. Results: Twenty-five cases (51.0%) out of 49 cases experienced radiation pneumonitis. According to the radiation pneumonitis grade, 10 (20.4%) were grade 1, 9 (18.4%) were grade 2, 4 (8.2%) were grade 3, and 2 (4.1%) were grade 4. In the univariate analyses, no clinical factors including age, sex, performance status, smoking history, underlying lung disease, tumor location, total radiation dose and chemotherapy were associated with grade ${\geq}2$ radiation pneumonitis. In the subgroup analysis of the chemotherapy group, concurrent rather than sequential chemotherapy was significantly related to grade ${\geq}2$ radiation pneumonitis comparing sequential chemotherapy. In the univariate analysis with dosimetric factors, mean lung dose (MLD), $V_{20}$, $V_{30}$, $V_{40}$, MLDipsi, $V_{20}$ipsi, $V_{30}$ipsi, and $V_{40}$ipsi were associated with grade ${\geq}2$ radiation pneumonitis. In addition, multivariate analysis showed that MLD and V30 were independent predicting factors for grade ${\geq}2$ radiation pneumonitis. Conclusion: Concurrent chemotherapy, MLD and $V_{30}$ were statistically significant predictors of grade ${\geq}2$ radiation pneumonitis in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer undergoing definitive radiotherapy. The cutoff values for MLD and $V_{30}$ were 16 Gy and 18%, respectively.