Improvement and Application for Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of Nationwide Land in Korea

Lee, Moung-Jin,Jeon, Seong-Woo,Jo, Min-Jeong,Song, Won-Kyong,Kang, Byung-Jin The Korean Society of Remote Sensing 2007 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.23 No.5

This study is aiming at improving the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of National Land in Korea. The ECVAM items are composed of legal and environmental/ecological assessments. A popular method applied to ECVAM is an overlay environmental/ecological assessment items. The purpose of this study is to offer complementary items of the ECVAM by examining assessment items. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by five methods. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district; Method 2 is comparing overlapped areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and permission of each assessment items duplication; Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items; Method 4 is Grade 1 areas only of Method 2; and Method 5 is Grade 2 areas only of Method 2. Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities revealed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Gang won-Do, showed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4% of diameter Grade II(standard for stability); forest diameter item accounted for 99.9% by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7% of forest diameter, and forest density accounted for 66.4% by Method 5. This study contributes to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the flexibility in the process of managing and updating this map.

A Study on the Energy Consumption of Energy Poverty Households

Kang-Guk Lee,Gyu-Yeob Jeon,Won-hwa Hong 한국생활환경학회 2017 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This study was conducted to identify requirements and improvements for policies related to energy welfare by investigating and analyzing household characteristics, residential building information, elements of energy use, and energy welfare status among the energy poverty. In this study, the energy consumption of the energy poverty and support policies are investigated, and characteristics of each are analyzed. The average number of household members in the energy poverty group was 2.3, and the average monthly household income of the households was 93.3 million won. The average expenditure on energy use per year was 947,957 won, which was the highest in January, February, and December. The most desirable energy welfare policy was the reduction or reduction of electricity cost.

Investigation of the April 2000 forest fire damage in Kang-won Province, Korea, using RADARSAT data

Kang, Sung Chul,Seo, Jin Won,Lee, Tae Hee,Park, Sang Eun,Hong, Suk Young,Moon, Wooil M. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

The series of forest Fires in Kangwon Province in April, 2000, were one of the mast serious ones in the Kang-won Province in recent years. The fire damaged areas are extensive and this paper investigates the utility of the satellite image data, particularly the RADARSAT SAR data. One of the main objectives of this study included evaluation of potential usefulness of the C-band RADARSAT data in the detection of forest fires in mountainous areas. Among several fire damaged sites, the area near Samchuk (city) was selected as the main study area and mufti-temporal RADARSAT(raw) data were acquired and the processed results were comparatively investigated with the IRS-1c data acquired shortly after the fire. To identify the burnt area from the undamaged background in the optical imagery, supervised classification and NDVI processing were carried out and tested with the IRS-1C data. For this experiment, several sets of raw RADARSAT standard and Fine mode (S4, F3, ascending orbit) data were processed and the final image was formed. In addition to the final image, sigma nought (σ°) was catnputed and compared for the burnt area against the undamaged areas. Because of the steep slopes in the study area and subsequent deviation from the flat surface scattering models, the fire scars in the sigma nought (σ°) image were not apparent. However, fire scars are slightly detected in the difference and ratio images obtained from the signal intensity data acquired at different dates (bath before and after fire). Texture analysis of the image data including the burnt areas were carried out using the Multiplicative Markov Random-Field (MMRF) algorithm. The detection of the fire damaged area from both standard mode and fine mode RADARSAT was not as straightforward as in optical data. However, Previous studies with ERS-1 S_AR and RADARSAT data in Indonesia and in the North American Plains indicate that C-band SAR data provide us with an effective tool for studying the forest fire damages. However, the application of C-band SAR data to the analysis of the forest fire areas requires careful processing of the data with realistic scattering models.

강천산군립공원 탐방로의 물리적 특성 및 훼손유형

정원옥(Won-Ok Jeong),강원석(Won-Suk Kang),이봉찬(Bong-Chan Lee2) 국립공원연구원 2011 국립공원연구지 Vol.2 No.3

강천산군립공원 5개 탐방로 18.45 km 구간에 대한 물리적 특성과 훼손정도 및 훼손유형 등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 104개 측점을 대상으로 탐방로 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과, 평균 노면경사는 13.34o, 평균 노폭은 1.39 m, 평균 나지폭은 1.20 m, 노면의 평균 최대 침식깊이는 0.50 m로 조사되었고, 훼손정도는『건전』구간이 14.19 km(76.91%),『강』구간은 1.15 km(6.23%),『중』구간은 1.30 km(7.05%),『약』구간은 1.81 km(9.81%)로 전체 구간에 대한 훼손비율은 23.09%였다. 자연 상태의 탐방로 상에서 물리적 훼손의 발생 및 진행과정을 기준으로 훼손 유형을 분석한 결과, 6개의 훼손유형이 217회 발생하였으며 노면침식 현상(36%)이 가장 많았고, 다음으로 뿌리노출(26%), 암석노출(15%), 노폭확대(11%), 비탈붕괴(7%), 수목 및 암석 노출 등 통행불편으로 형성된 분기(5%) 순으로 조사되었다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the trail deterioration condition and to obtain information for the desirable maintenance and restoration of a trail in gangcheonsan county park. The physical characteristics of a trail were surveyed to a total of 104 points of 18.45 km length. The average trail degree and width were found to be 13.34o and 1.39 m respectively while the average bared trail width was 1.20 m and average maxim trail depth was 0.5 m. Deterioration classes of a trail were 14.19 km (76.19%), 1.15 km(6.23%), 1.30 km(7.05%) and 1.81 km(9.81%) for nondeteriorated, heavily deteriorated, middle and lightly deteriorated classes respectively with a deterioration rate of 23.09%. Major deterioration types of trail were trail deepen(36%), root exposed(26%), rock exposed(15%), trail widen(11%), slope erosion(7%) and trail diverged(5%) in order of frequency.

LCC 분석을 통한 도시가스와 지열 냉 난방설비의 경제성 평가

이일규(Lee, Il-Gyu),강현욱(Kang, Hyun-Wook),원유만(Won, Yoo-Man),김용수(Kim, Yong-Su) 대한건축학회 2011 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.27 No.10

The purpose of this study is economic analysis of heating and cooling systems that are using gas, geothermal energy through life cycle cost analysis. The adapted research method selected the office building in Seoul region. The building is 15 stories and have total floor area of 270,000㎡. And the capacity of heating and cooling system applied in new building is 700RT to 750RT as a scale of heating and cooling system that can provide same capacity. The Adapted LCC Analysis period on 40 years. Comparing and analyzing life cycle cost about each heating and cooling system in cases, economical evaluation is estimated. The results are as follows: 1) The total life cycle cost of gas heating and cooling system is approximately 7,979million won, the total life cycle cost of geothermal heating and cooling system is approximately 8,073million won. 2) The cost of the geothermal heating and cooling system is higher than gas heating and cooling system about 1.18%. Thus, optimal plan is the gas heating and cooling system.

CM전문회사의 현장관리조직 운영실태 분석

신원상(Shin, Won-Sang),이강민(Lee, Kang-Min),손창백(Son, Chang-Baek) 대한건축학회 2014 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.30 No.8

This study is aimed at offering basic data for enhancing the organizational structure and productivity of on-site construction management (CM) employees. To accomplish the objective, the organizational operation system and employee evaluation of domestic CM companies were analyzed by site scale to promote efficient operation. The findings are as follows. First, in terms of CM workforce, the employees handling architecture, electricity, and machines represented the highest proportion. As for qualification, top engineers were dispatched to both large-scale and small-scale CM sites more than any other employee. Second, the results on CM organizational productivity are as follows. The per capita sales increased as the service payment increased. In terms of scale, the site worth less than a billion won had per capita sales of 76 million won, about 5 times less than the site worth 5 billion won or more whose per capita sales were 371 million won. The monthly per capita sales also increased as the service payment increased. However, the difference was minimal, about a half of the difference in per capita sales. These findings would be useful for companies that have no systematic criteria for CM organization selection and evaluation.

Improvement and Application for Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) of Nationwide Land in Korea

Moung Jin Lee,Seong Woo Jeon,Min Jeong Jo,Won Kyong Song,Byung Jin Kang 大韓遠隔探査學會 2007 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.23 No.5

This study is aiming at improving the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) of National Land in Korea. The ECVAM items are composed of legal and environmental/ecological assessments. A popular method applied to ECVAM is an overlay environmental/ecological assessment items. The purpose of this study is to offer complementary items of the ECVAM by examining assessment items. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by five methods. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district; Method 2 is comparing overlapped areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and permission of each assessment items duplication; Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items; Method 4 is Grade 1 areas only of Method 2; and Method 5 is Grade 2 areas only of Method 2. Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities revealed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Gang won-Do, showed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4 % of diameter Grade II (standard for stability); forest diameter item accounted for 99.9 % by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7 % of forest diameter, and forest density accounted for 66.4 % by Method 5. This study contributes to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the flexibility in the process of managing and updating this map.

사상체질에 따른 신체화 기제의 차이에 대한 연구

이고은 ( Go Eun Lee ),박장호 ( Jang Ho Park ),유윤선 ( Yun Sun Lyu ),노동진 ( Dong Jin No ),박인숙 ( In Sook Park ),강형원 ( Hyung Won Kang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2011 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of somatization psychological mechanism among Sasang constitution. Methods: Subjects were seventy four students of Won-Kwang university responded the questionnaire. We evaulated teh subjects using Minnesota Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification Ⅱ(QSCC Ⅱ), Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale(SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire(SCQ). Results: From the results of Clinical scale of MMPI-2, the scores of 2nd, 9th, 10th scales was significantly difference. In Lesser Yin group 10th score was the significantly highest of the others, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th score were the highest but not significant. and From the results of PSY-5 scale(The Personality Psychopathology Five scale) of MMPI-2, In Lesser Yin goup, INTR(Introversion/Low Positive Emotion) score was significantly highest, PSYC(psychoticism), NEGE (Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism) was higher than the others. In TAS-20K, SSAS, SIQ and SCQ Lesser Yin group was not significantly difference. but Lesser Yin group had the tendency of difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking and higher score in physical and psychological interpretation. We observed generally lower levels of stress coping strategy scores than the others. Conclusions: These results showed that Lesser Yin group tend to somatization compared other constitution.

Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

제왕절개 분만율의 지역간 변이와 관련요인에 대한 연구

김혜경,이정운,박강원,문옥륜,Kim, Hye-Kyung,Lee, Jeon-Un,Park, Kang-Won,Moon, Ok-Ryun 대한예방의학회 1992 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study is to estimate cesarean section rate in Korea and analyze the socioeconomic variables and health resources which affect regional variation in the rate. Samples were drawn from the record of vaginal and cesarean section deliveries based upon insurance claim bills which have been submitted to the National Federation of Medical Insurance for the first three months, January through March, 1991. The results are obtained as follows : It was found that. cesarean section rate was increasing rapidly up to 23.1% in 1991. Cesarean section per 10 thousand insured people was 4.8 and the number of cesarean section per 10 thousand insured eligible($15{\sim}49$ years old) female was 7.6. The fee for normal delivery was 109,489 won and that for cesarean section was 390,024 won. The average days of hospitalization in normal delivery was 2.3 days, and those in cesarean section was 7.6 days. On the average cesarean section has a longer of stay as much as by 4.3 days and cost 3.6 times more than normal deliveries. Cesarean section rates vary among medical facilities 19.8% at clinics 37.6% in small-scale hospitals, and 29.1% in general hospitals. The regional variation of cesarean section rates was also fairly prominent. The South Cheju Gun has the highest rate of cesarean section, 56.2%. Meanwhile no cesarean section cases has been reported in Sunchang Gun during the period of this study. The variation is noted among provinces. The rate for Cheju province has been 3.4 times higher than that for Chunnam. The number of cesarean section per 10 thousand insured people vary greatly among regions, too. This study has found that there exists significant regional variations among various geographic units in terms of average length of stay, average cost, number of obsretricians and number of beds. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify factors explaining the regional variance of various cesarean section rates : In the urban areas, no significant explaining variables were noted except the number of beds for the dependent variable of cesarean section cases per 10 thousand insured eligible females. The smaller the number of bed, the more cases of cesarean section was noted for an urban area. The is mostly because the rate of cesarean section is higher in medium-size hospitals than in large general hospitals. In the rural areas, the factor of education has been found significant for all three deplendent variables. The higher the educational level, the rate of cesarean section is most likely to rise. An income variable measured by the amount of monthly insurance contribution has been identified a powerful predictor in explaining the valiance of cesarean section rates. The same has been noted for the number of obstetricians. Similar findings are observed for the country as a whole. The income level has veen found as the most powerful explaining factor in the regional variance of cesarean section rates. In general the rate is higher in the urban areas, and lower in the area with more small hospitals. As this is the initial attempt to identify the factors relevant to the regional difference in the rates of cesarean section, more elaborated study is urgently required.