한국 일반 인구에 있어 식사특성, 성격특징 및 기타 정신병리의 상관관계에 대한 연구

이영호,이민규,박세현,손창호,정영조,홍성국,이병관,장필립,윤애리 대한신경정신의학회 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.1

연구목적 : 한국 일반 인구를 대상으로 식사특성과 성격특징간의 상관관계와, 우울경향성 및 건간염려증 경향성과 식사특성 그리고 성격특징간의 상관관계를 알아보아 1) 식사 장애의 문제가 와 마찬가지고 병리의 정도에 따라 연속성을 보이는 일련선사의 문제이며, 2) 성격의 특징 중 특정한 성격특징이 식사특성상의 문제 즉, 식사장애에 특이한 핵심 병리의 형성과 직접 관련이 있고, 3) 우울경향이나 건강염려증과 같은 비특이적인 일반 정신병리는 다른 성격 특징과의 상호작용을 통해 식사문제를 장애 수준으로 들어내거나 발현시킨다는 가정을 검증하려 본 연구를 시도하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 인구학적 자료, 식사특성 및 성격특징과 일반 정신병리에 관한 문항으로 구성되어 있는 설문지와 다단계 표본 추출법을 이용하여 전국 12개도 35개의 지역에서 18세 이상의 한국성인 4,400명의 목표 표집대상에서 일차 3,896명의 자료를 얻었고 이들중 60세 이상의 자료와 기타 자료를 제외한 3,062명의 자료를 상관관계분석을 이용하여 최종 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 식사특성과 성격특징과의 상관관계에서는 전체군에 있어 각 식사특성과 골고루 유의한 상관을 보이는 성격특징은 정신병적 경향성으로 식습관이 나쁠수록(r=-0.3195), 식사태도검사상 점수가 높을수록(r=0.3657), 또한 야채 및 생선을 싫어하고 단음식을 좋아하는 경향이 있을수록(r=-0.2740) 정신병적 경향성과 높은 상관을 보였다. 이외에 성격특징중 허위성 척도는 간식과 즉석음식을 좋아할수록 허위성은 줄어드는 역상관을 보였다(r=-0.2117). 이러한 식사특성과 성격특성간에 상관관계는 성별에 따라 나누어 보아도 같은 결과를 보였고 여서의 경우에는 상기의 상관관계에 대해 한국의 전통음식을 싫어할수록 정신병적 경향성이 높아지는 관계를 보였다.(r=-0.2103). 2) 우울경향성 및 건강염려증적 경향성은 식사특성, 성격특징과의 상관관계에서는 전체군 및 남녀 모두에서 우울경향성 및 건강염려증적 경향성은 식사특성과는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 전체군에서는 우울경향성은 외내향성(r=-0.2174) 및 신경증적 경향성(r=0,.4510)과 유의한 상관을 보였고, 건강염려증적 경향성이 높아지며 건강염려증적인 경향이 높을수록 신경증적인 경향이 높아짐을 보이고 있다. 이러한 관계는 성별에 따라 차이를 보였는데 남성의 경우에는 우울 경향성이 4개의 모둔 인격차원과 유의한 상관을 보이고 건강염려증적 경향성도 내외향성(r=-0.2265) 및 신경증적 경향성(r=0.3762)과 유의한 상관을 보이는 반면 여성군은 전체군과 마찬가지로 우울경향성은 외내향성(r=-0.2114) 및 신경증적 경향성(r=0.4479)과, 건강염려증적 경향성은 신경증적 경향성(r=0.3286)과 유의한 상관을 보였다. 결 론 : 상기 결과는 식사특성과 상관을 보이는 성격특징은 정신병적 경향성이며 이 성격특징이 식사장애의 핵심병리를 구성하는 식사관련병리와 직접 연관이 되어 있다는 것을 보여 준다. 또한 우울이나 건강염려증적 경향과 같은 일반 정신병리는 식사와 연관된 핵심병리와는 직접적인 상관이 없고 신경증적 경향성이나 내향성과 같은 다른 성격차원의 문제와 함께 작용하여 식사장애에 발현 등에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 보여준다. 본 연구결과는 식사장애와 마찬가지로 연속성을 보이는 일련성상의 문제임을 지지하고 있다. 이외에도 상기 결과는 식사장애 환자의 병리의 형성에 있어 성별간의 차이는 핵심병리의 차이라기보다는 일반 병리의 형성에 있어 차이를 반영할 가능성을 보여준다. Objectives : The purpose of this study were to clarify the roles of personality characteristics and general psychopathology, including depression and hypochondriasis, in individuals with eating disorders, and to test a continuum hypothesis of eating disorders. Methods : Using a multi-stage questionnaire sampling method including area sampling, proportionated stratified sampling, and quota sampling, we surveyed 3,062 subjects(1249 males and 1813 females) from a target of 4,400 Korean adults over the age of 18 in a nationwide area(9 ku's, 10 middle or small cities, and 17 kun's). We used the questionnaire which consisted of three parts : general information, scales for eating traits, and personality characteristics and other general psychopathology. Results : Psychoticism was the only personality characteristics which had a significant relationship with various eating traits including ‘eating habits’(r=-0,195), ‘the Easting Attitudes Test’(EAT, r=0.3657), and ‘preference for vegetables and fish, and dislike for sweet-tasting foods’(r=-0.2740). Lie scale also had a significant relationship with ‘preference for snacks foods’(r=-0.2117). These results were consistent in examining the relationships across genders. In female, there was a significant relationship between ‘preference for the traditional Korean foods’ and ‘psychoticism’(r=-0.2103) in addtion to above relationships. However, there were no significant relationships between any of the eating traits and other psychopathology. Relative to the relationship between personality characteristics and general psycholopathology, there were significant correlations between ‘depression’ and ‘interoversion-extraversion’(r=-0.2174), ‘depression’ and ‘neuroticism’(r=0.4510), and ‘hypochondriasis’and ‘neuroticism’(r=-0.3432). These correlations in female was the same as those of the total group, while among males, ‘depression’ was significantly correlated with all four personality characteristics and ‘hypochondriasis’was significantly correlated with ‘interoversion-extraversion’(r=-0.2265) and ‘neuroticism’(r=0.3762). Conclusion : These results suggest that psychoticism is the only personality characteristics related to eating-specific psychopathology, while general psychopathology, such as depression and hypochondriasis is not related to eating pathology but may influence eating disorders by their interaction with other personality characteristics, such as interoversion-extraversion and neuroticism. Considering the results of pervious studies in the patients with eating disorders and high risk groups, which are similar with are similar with our results in the general population, our results support a continuum hypothesis of eating disorders are the results not of difference in eating-specific pathology itself but through difference in influences of concurrent general psychopathology, such as depression and hypochondriasis.

ASSESSMENT OF WIND CHARACTERISTICS AND ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION MODELING OF ¹³⁷Cs ON THE BARAKAH NPP AREA IN THE UAE

Lee, Jong Kuk,Kim, Jea Chul,Lee, Kun Jai,Belorid, Miloslav,Beeley, Philip A.,Yun, Jong-Il Korean Nuclear Society 2014 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.46 No.4

This paper presents the results of an analysis of wind characteristics and atmosphere dispersion modeling that are based on computational simulation and part of a preliminary study evaluating environmental radiation monitoring system (ERMS) positions within the Barakah nuclear power plant (BNPP). The return period of extreme wind speed was estimated using the Weibull distribution over the life time of the BNPP. In the annual meteorological modeling, the winds from the north and west accounted for more than 90 % of the wind directions. Seasonal effects were not represented. However, a discrepancy in the tendency between daytime and nighttime was observed. Six variations of cesium-137 ($^{137}Cs$) dispersion test were simulated under severe accident condition. The $^{137}Cs$ dispersion was strongly influenced by the direction and speed of the main wind. A virtual receptor was set and calculated for observation of the $^{137}Cs$ movement and accumulation. The results of the surface roughness effect demonstrated that the deposition of $^{137}Cs$ was affected by surface condition. The results of these studies offer useful information for developing environmental radiation monitoring systems (ERMSs) for the BNPP and can be used to assess the environmental effects of new nuclear power plant.

A case of canine patent ductus arteriosus showed favorable therapeutic response by surgery combined with needle-acupuncture therapy

Kim, Kwang-Shik,Kim, Byung-Young,Kim, Tae-Hwa,Kim, Won-Bae,Liu, Jianzhu,Lee, Jung-Yeon,Kim, Duck-Hwan,Rogers, Philip A.M. The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.4

A 6-month-old male Poodle was referred with chief complaint of dysponea and cough. Cyanosis was not detected. This dog was diagnosed as a case of canine patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by X-ray and ultrasonography. Diuretics and bronchodialators were administered for 4 weeks. Clinical symptoms were not improved. Thoracotomy was done at right recumbent position. The length of ductus arteriosus was 8 mm and the diameter was 6 mm, respectively. Double ligation was performed in surgery. Continuous cardiac murmur, cough and strong femoral pulsation were disappeared after surgery. The diameters of the pulmonary artery and vein found to normal by X-ray on 10 days after operation. The diameter of the aorta measured to be larger than that of the main pulmonary artery by ultrasonography. The fractional shortening (FS) on 10 days after surgery was 17.32% by ultrasonography. The needle-acupuncture therapy was used in acupoints BL-15 as local point plus PC-6, HT-7 and HT-5 as distant points for 3 days (15 min/once/a day). The FSs were increased to 21.31% and 29.44% at 1 and on 3 days after acupuncture, respectively. The present patient was a case of typical canine PDA that showed favorable therapeutic responses by surgery combined with needle-acupuncture treatment.

Acupuncture treatment of torticollis in a foal

Kim, Duck-Hwan,Liu, Jianzhu,Lee, Jung-Yeon,MacManus, Philip,Jennings, Padraic,Darcy, Karl,Burke, Fiona,Rogers, Philip A.M. The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2006 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.46 No.1

A 6-month-old thoroughbred filly foal had torticollis and circled towards the right side. A local veterinarian treated her twice using dexamethasone for 1 week but there was little clinical improvement. Needles were inserted into Ting points of both hind limb and one ocular acupoint (shang jiao area from GB01). Injection acupuncture (dexamethasone, twice/week) was used at GV16, GB20, BL10 and LU07, for the neck and head. Acupoint GB34 was added to those points at session 4. In addition, a trigger point in the left neck was injected with 0.2 ml ($200{\mu}g$ of apitoxin) of bee-venom diluted with 1 ml of 2% lidocaine from session 1 to session 3. At session 2, the symptoms had ameliorated a little. At session 3, they were much improved; the right ear was completely normal and the neck could be moved about 60% of normal range. At session 4, nodding was possible and stiffness of the neck was much improved, having returned to about 80% of normal range. Three days after session 4, the symptom of torticollis had disappeared completely and the foal could walk in a straight line. In conclusion, the present patient was a case with equine torticollis which showed favourable therapeutic response by combination of needle-acupuncture plus injection-acupuncture with dexamethasone and apitoxin.

Development of a novel cyano group containing electrochemically deposited polymer film for ultrasensitive simultaneous detection of trace level cadmium and lead

Philips, M.F.,Gopalan, A.I.,Lee, K.P. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2012 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.237 No.-

Poly(diphenylamine-co-2-aminobenzonitrile) (P(DPA-co-2ABN)), a cyano group containing conducting polyaniline derivative, has been electrodeposited developed as the new material and utilized for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of trace levels of cadmium (Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>) and lead (Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>). P(DPA-co-2ABN) film preconcentrates effectively through cyano chelation and electrochemically strips the heavy metal ions with well separated potentials, which are beneficially utilized for ppb level simultaneous detection of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>. Differential pulse voltammetry studies revealed that Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> ions were simultaneously stripped with well-defined, separated and sharp peaks for Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>. The influence of various operational parameters such as pulse amplitude, pulse time, scan rate, initial potential, end potential, accumulation potential and accumulation time on the electrochemical stripping of heavy metals were investigated in details. Under the optimal conditions, good linear correlations were obtained from 1.26 to 907.8ppm for Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and 0.26 to 58.73ppm for Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>, respectively. Low detection limits for Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>, 0.255ppm and 0.165ppm, respectively, were observed. The practical utility of the new procedure was demonstrated in real samples.

Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Surface Water near Phospholipid Bilayers

Lee, Yuno,Pincus, Philip A.,Hyeon, Changbong Published for the Biophysical Society by the Rocke 2016 Biophysical journal Vol.111 No.11

<P>Despite much effort to probe the properties of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, the effects of DMSO on water, especially near plasma membrane surfaces, still remain elusive. By performing molecular dynamics simulations at varying DMSO concentrations (X-DMSO), we study how DMSO affects structural and dynamical properties of water in the vicinity of phospholipid bilayers. As proposed by a number of experiments, our simulations confirm that DMSO induces dehydration from bilayer surfaces and disrupts the H-bond structure of water. However, DMSO-enhanced water diffusivity at solvent-bilayer interfaces, an intriguing discovery reported by a spin-label measurement, is not confirmed in our simulations. To resolve this discrepancy, we examine the location of the spin label (Tempo) relative to the solvent-bilayer interface. In accord with the evidence in the literature, our simulations, which explicitly model Tempo-phosphatidylcholine, find that the Tempo moiety is equilibrated at similar to 8-10 angstrom below the bilayer surface. Furthermore, the DMSO-enhanced surface-water diffusion is confirmed only when water diffusion is analyzed around the Tempo moiety that is immersed below the bilayer surface, which implies that the experimentally detected signal of water using Tempo stems from the interior of bilayers, not from the interface. Our analysis finds that the increase of water diffusion below the bilayer surface is coupled to the increase of area per lipid with an increasing XDMSO (less than or similar to 10 mol %). Underscoring the hydrophobic nature of the Tempo moiety, our study calls for careful re-evaluation of the use of Tempo in measurements on lipid bilayer surfaces.</P>

Irradiance and Temperature Transient Sensitivity Analysis for Photovoltaic Control

Katherine A. Kim,Philip T. Krein,Jay J. Lee,Hyunsu Bae,Bo-Hyung Cho 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

This paper analyzes control scheme sensitivity to changes in irradiance and temperature around the maximum power point (MPP) for photovoltaic (PV) panels. Conventional control schemes such as constant voltage, current, and resistance, as well as a newly introduced voltage-offset resistance control (VRC) are compared. Based on experimental PV data and a validated model, VRC is found to have the lowest sensitivity to typical transients. Stability analysis of a buck and boost converter under VRC indicate that some ranges of the equivalent resistance are stable while others can cause instability. Two established PV control methods are assessed in terms of transient stability and three additional low-sensitivity methods utilizing VRC are outlined. These methods are applicable to PV controllers taking infrequent measurements that hold the control line steady between samples.

Performance and Phosphorus Utilization of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Phytate Barley and Pea Based Diets with Graded Levels of Inorganic Phosphorus

Kahindi, Roseline Kafedha,Thacker, Philip A.,Lee, Sang In,Kim, In Ho,Nyachoti, Charles Martin De Gruyter Open 2017 Annals of animal science Vol.17 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The effects of feeding diets based on soybean meal, low phytate hulless barley (Lphybarley) and low phytate pea (Lphypea) with inorganic phosphorus (iP) reduced by 50 or 100% to broiler chickens on performance, P digestibility and bone characteristics were investigated. Two hundred and ten day-old (Ross 308 strain) broiler chicks (5 birds per cage; 6 cages per diet) were randomly allocated to 7 dietary treatments for a 21-day study. Diets were formulated based on soybean meal-normal phytate hulless barley (SBM-normbarley) with added inorganic P (iP) to meet NRC (1994) P requirements (SBM-normbarley100) or with 50% less iP (SBM-normbarley50), soybean meal-Lphybarley-Lphypea with added iP (Lphybarley-Lphypea100) or iP reduced by 50% (Lphybarley-Lphypea50) or 100% (Lphybarley-Lphypea0), and soybean meal-normbarleynormal phytate pea (normpea) with added iP (normbarley-normpea100) or iP reduced by 50% (normbarley-normpea50). Birds fed the Lphybarley-Lphypea0 diet had the lowest (P<0.001) ADG compared with those fed the other diets. Reducing iP by 50% led to a reduction (P<0.05) in ADG for birds fed the SBM-normbarley- and normbarley-normpea-based diets but not in the Lphybarley- Lphypea-based diet. Reducing iP by 50% led to a reduction (P<0.05) in ADFI in birds fed the SBM-normbarley-based diet and normbarley-normpea-based diet compared with those fed adequate iP. Feed conversion ratio was not affected by diet throughout the experimental period (P>0.10). Reducing iP content reduced P retention in the SBM-normbarley-based diet but not in the normbarley-normpea-based diet but tibia ash and length were reduced in birds fed both diets (P<0.05). Reducing dietary iP content linearly increased (P < 0.05) P retention and linearly decreased (P<0.05) tibia ash and length in the Lphypea-Lphybarley-based diets. In conclusion, feeding a low phytate hulless barley-low phytate pea based diet with iP reduced by 50% supported similar performance as control and increased P retention, suggesting that utilizing a combination of low phytate ingredients can reduce the need for supplemental iP with significant cost and environmental implication.</P>

Facile Electrodeposition of Flower Like Gold Nanostructures on a Conducting Polymer Support

Sai-Anand, G.,Philips, M.F.,Lee, K.-P.,Kang, S.-W.,Gopalan, A.I. American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.14 No.4

Herein, we report an attractive, simple and templateless synthetic method for the formation of anisotropic gold nanostructures. Gold 'mesoflowers' consisting of arrays of nanoplatelets were synthesized by electrochemical gold deposition on/off conditions onto a conducting poly(diphenylamine) (PDPA) support matrix. A possible forming mechanism of anisotropic gold nanostructures is presented. The electronic and electrochemical properties of gold nanoflower decorated PDPA in an assembled diode configuration were evaluated.

In vivo tumour imaging employing regional delivery of novel Gallium radiolabelled polymer composites

Ross W. Stephens,Gregory D. Tredwell,Jessica L. Bell,Karen J. Knox,Lee A. Philip,Tim J. Senden,Michael J. Tapner,Stephanie A. Bickley,Marcel R. Tanudji,Stephen K. Jones 한국생체재료학회 2021 생체재료학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Background: Understanding the regional vascular delivery of particles to tumour sites is a prerequisite for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic composites for treatment of oncology patients. We describe a novel imageable 67Ga-radiolabelled polymer composite that is biocompatible in an animal tumour model and can be used for preclinical imaging investigations of the transit of different sized particles through arterial networks of normal and tumour-bearing organs. Results: Radiolabelling of polymer microspheres with 67Ga was achieved using a simple mix and wash method, with tannic acid as an immobilising agent. Final in vitro binding yields after autoclaving averaged 94.7%. In vivo stability of the composite was demonstrated in New Zealand white rabbits by intravenous administration, and intrahepatic artery instillations were made in normal and VX2 tumour implanted rabbit livers. Stability of radiolabel was sufficient for rabbit lung and liver imaging over at least 3 hours and 1 hour respectively, with lung retention of radiolabel over 91%, and retention in both normal and VX2 implanted livers of over 95%. SPECT-CT imaging of anaesthetised animals and planar imaging of excised livers showed visible accumulation of radiolabel in tumours. Importantly, microsphere administration and complete liver dispersal was more easily achieved with 8 μm diameter MS than with 30 μm MS, and the smaller microspheres provided more distinct and localised tumour imaging. Conclusion: This method of producing 67Ga-radiolabelled polymer microspheres is suitable for SPECT-CT imaging of the regional vascular delivery of microspheres to tumour sites in animal models. Sharper distinction of model tumours from normal liver was obtained with smaller MS, and tumour resolution may be further improved by the use of 68Ga instead of 67Ga, to enable PET imaging.