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Sai-Anand, Gopalan,Gopalan, Anantha Iyengar,Shin-Won Kang,Kwang-Pill Lee IEEE 2013 IEEE electron device letters Vol.34 No.8
<P>In this letter, we report a simple and rapid (~60 s) method to fabricate a new organic-inorganic hybrid film based on poly (di phenyl amine-co-4 amino thiophenol) (designated as PDPAAT) and gold nanoflowers (Au NFs). The fabrication involves a fast facile and pulse potentiostatic approach for the electrodeposition of Au NFs onto PDPAAT. The electrochemical, interfacial, and optical properties of the PDPAAT/Au NF hybrid film electrode are investigated. The superior electroactivity, electrochemical, and interfacial characteristics of the PDPAAT/Au NF electrode suggests its suitability for sensor, electrocatalysis, and diode applications.</P>
Anand, Gopalan Sai,Gopalan, Anantha Iyengar,Kang, Shin-Won,Lee, Kwang-Pill The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Vol.28 No.4
<P>In this investigation, we established a new sensitive, selective and label free optical method for the detection of mercury ions (Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>) by utilizing cyano (–CN) ligand functionalized gold nanorods (GNRs) based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the GNRs. The functionalization of the GNRs was specifically done with a –CN group containing polymer, poly(2-aminobenzonitrile) (P2ABN), to preconcentrate the Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions on the surface of the GNRs prior to detection. The functionalization of the GNRs was carried out by two approaches. In the first approach, the GNR surface was modified with a porous silica network containing P2ABN (designated as GNR@silica-CN). In the second approach, GNR was modified with P2ABN (designated as GNR@P2ABN). The Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion detection strategy involves the preconcentration of Hg ions on the surface of GNR@silica-CN or GNR@P2ABN through the interaction of the –CN groups in P2ABN with Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions, reduction to Hg<SUP>0</SUP> atoms by ascorbic acid (AA), and monitoring the SPR of GNRs. The porous network in GNR@silica-CN allows efficient migration of Hg<SUP>0</SUP> to reach the GNR surface and causes effective amalgamation compared to GNR@P2ABN. As a result, GNR@silica-CN exhibits a significant change in the SPR of GNRs over a wide dynamic concentration range (from 50 nM to 5 μM) for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions. The very low detection limit of 1 ppb with GNR@silica-CN for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions suggests its excellent potential for the monitoring and detection of ultra low levels of Hg. In addition, the GNR@silica-CN shows no sensitivity for other environmentally relevant metal ions which confirms the high specificity for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ion detection in practical samples. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the present method by detecting Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions in spiked water (pond and water) samples. We envisage that this simple, fast and sensitive method will be suitable for environmental monitoring in the future.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new highly selective sensing strategy for detection of mercury ions has been developed utilizing polymer containing cyano group functionalized gold nanorods. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3ja30300d'> </P>
Facile Electrodeposition of Flower Like Gold Nanostructures on a Conducting Polymer Support
Sai-Anand, G.,Philips, M.F.,Lee, K.-P.,Kang, S.-W.,Gopalan, A.I. American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.4
Herein, we report an attractive, simple and templateless synthetic method for the formation of anisotropic gold nanostructures. Gold 'mesoflowers' consisting of arrays of nanoplatelets were synthesized by electrochemical gold deposition on/off conditions onto a conducting poly(diphenylamine) (PDPA) support matrix. A possible forming mechanism of anisotropic gold nanostructures is presented. The electronic and electrochemical properties of gold nanoflower decorated PDPA in an assembled diode configuration were evaluated.
Simplified DC voltage sensorless control of single-phase PFC converters in EV chargers
Anand, Nidumolu Vijaya,Praneeth, Ammanamanchi Venkata Jaya Sai,Yalla, Naveen,Sood, Vijay K. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.11
A novel method for controlling the output DC link voltage of a single-phase power factor correction (PFC) converter without using a DC voltage sensor for electric vehicle (EV) charging is proposed in this paper. The conventional boost PFC converter normally uses three expensive sensors, i.e., at the input voltage, the input current, and the output voltage. These sensors are used to regulate the power quality and maintain system stability. To reduce the cost and hardware complexity in the power converter, a DC voltage sensorless control using an estimator is proposed. This method utilizes the available input voltage and current signals to predict the output DC link voltage. This predicted output voltage contains an average DC component superimposed with a small ripple content at double the line frequency (2f). The proposed control method tracks the reference sinewave signal to maintain a high-power factor. The converter also exhibits very stable behavior under transient load variations. Simulated and experimental validation results obtained with a 1 kW prototype PFC converter are included.
Arur Anand,G. Kantharajan,P. Krishnan,K. Abdul Hakeem,K. Sai Santosh,Ch. Srinivasa Rao,Kuldeep K. Lal,S. B. Choudhury,C. Manjulatha,D. E. Babu 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.6
Planning aquaculture and fisheries activities in a reservoir requires knowledge of dynamics of water spread. We studied water spread dynamics of three reservoirs in the Godavari river basin, India using multi-temporal satellite imagery for the period 1990–2018 and developed a framework for mapping the spatial extent of water spread area (WSA) having potential for enclosure fish culture. The study showed that WSA of Nizamsagar reservoir in premonsoon season has declined from 108.11 to 99.34 km2 from phase I (1990–2006) to phase II (2007–2018), respectively and a similar trend was seen in Pocharam and Nallavagu reservoirs. For post monsoon seasons of the same time period, an increase in WSA was seen in Nizamsagar (133.75–144.14 km2) and Pocharam reservoirs (14.15-14.67 km2). Based on frequency of water presence during 2007–2018, WSA with potential for cage and pen culture was determined in Nizamsagar (31.04 km2) and Pocharam (2.87 km2) reservoirs. The study showed that both the reservoirs can accommodate maximum allowed number of cages (5000 and 500 cages respectively). We provide a decision matrix for location-specific selection of suitable culture methods and candidate species, which would aid in optimal utilization of the hitherto under-utilized reservoirs, especially in in situ data poor conditions. This study can be scaled up in the entire country with the help of academia/industry to prioritize reservoirs with potential for enclosure fish culture and plan appropriate interventions for reducing their yield gap.
Jiang, Yu,Sai-Anand, Gopalan,Xu, Binrui,Lee, Jae-Sung,Kim, Sae-Wan,Yeom, Se-Hyuk,Bae, Jin-Hyuk,Kang, Shin-Won American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.17 No.11
<P>In this work, a hybrid system composed of inorganic zinc oxide nanocrystals (ZnO NCs) and the organic conjugated polymer (poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N, N-dimethylamino) propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-( 9,9-dioctylfluorene)]) (PFN) was utilized as an electron selective interlayer (ESIL) to improve the electro-optical characteristics of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs). To accomplish, water/alcohol-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte, PFN, was introduced into ZnO NCs (ZnO-PFN), aiming to enhance the electron extraction capability between the photoactive layer and the metal (Al) electrode in standard geometry BHJ PSCs. Importantly, the ZnO-PFN blend system achieved a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than pristine (ZnO NCs) ESILs. Moreover, an optimized photovoltaic (PV) performance was obtained with a low volume of PFN incorporated into the ZnO NCs ESIL. To validate the PV performance, PSCs were fabricated based on co-polymer of thienyl substituted BDT with TT:phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PBDTTT-C-T:PC71BM) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl): phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) photoactive systems and observed superior PV characteristics for ZnO-PFN hybrid ESILs. The optical transparency, microstructure, and morphological characteristics were evaluated using appropriate characterization techniques to demonstrate the superiority of the hybrid ZnO-PFN blend system. PSCs based on this ZnO-PFN composite based ESIL suggested an alternative practical approach to enhance the efficiency of the fabricated devices.</P>
Baoyin Han,Sai-Anand Gopalan,이광돈,강병호,이상원,이재성,권대혁,이성하,강신원 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.11
In this study, we explored the ability of a preheated solvent (methanol) to induce characteristic changes at the organic active layer/metal interface, thereby improving the performance of fabricated organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells composed of poly(3-hexylthiopene) (P3HT) and a [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) photoactive blend. Our results demonstrate that exposure to methanol (at room temperature, or preheated at 45 C or 65 C) improves the performance of the fabricated OPV cells. After preheated methanol exposure, the P3HT:PCBM thin films were tested for crystallinity, morphology, mobility, and photovoltaic characteristics. Our results revealed that use of the preheated solvent on the organic active layer significantly influences the micro/nano scale morphology and phase segregation of the P3HT:PCBM thin films, as well as the charge carrier mobility. It is hypothesized that the side chain ordering of P3HT and redistribution of PCBM could be results of the modified active layer. Consequently, OPV cells modified with the methanol preheated at 65 C exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.36%, with open-circuit voltage of 0.59 V, short-circuit current density of 13.83 mA/cm2, and fill-factor of 0.41. In contrast, the unmodified P3HT:PCBM thin film (without methanol exposure) showed a PCE of only 2.13%.
Shanmugasundaram, K.,Sai-Anand, G.,Gopalan, A.I.,Lee, H.G.,Yeo, H.K.,Kang, S.W.,Lee, K.P. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.228 No.-
A novel electrochemical nitrite ion (NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) biosensor was designed and fabricated by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) into three-dimensional nanoarchitectured electrode (3DNE) using a multicomponent nanocomposite (MCNC) film composed of graphene embedded titanium dioxide nanowires (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(G) NWs), thiol-functionalized polyaniline (PANI(SH)), gold nanoparticles (Au), and immobilized cytochrome c (cyt c). The new NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> biosensor was designated as cyt c/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(G) NWsΠANI(SH)-Au MCNC/3DNE. The assembly of the 3DNE, involved sequential depositions of PANI(SH) and Au over previously synthesized TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(G) NWs by electrospinning-hydrothermal processes and immobilization of the cyt c onto the TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(G) NWs/PANI(SH)/Au MCNC film. The cyt c/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(G) NWsΠANI(SH)-Au MCNC/3DNE exhibited direct electron transfer from cyt c to the electrode at a high rate constant (25.34s<SUP>-1</SUP>). The fabricated cyt c/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(G) NWsΠANI(SH)-Au MCNC/3DNE showed high selectivity to NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> ions with excellent sensitivity (9.2μA/mM), a wide linear concentration range (10μM-720mM), and a low detection limit (0.05μM). Additionally, the cyt c/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>(G) NWsΠANI(SH)-Au MCNC/3DNE exhibited high stability with good reproducibility and repeatability.
Enhancement of CdSe/ZnS Quantum dot-based LED by Core-Shell Modification
이상원,김주성,이재성,정현민,Sai-Anand Gopalan,강신원,강병호,이승하,권대혁 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.1
In this study, we performed an analysis of quantum-dot-based light-emitting diodes (QD-basedLEDs) to investigate the defects at the interface between the core and the shell of the quantumdots (QDs) using gradient-shell QDs (CdSe/Cd1−xZnxSe1−ySy/ZnS, G-QDs) and single-shell QDs(CdSe/ZnS, S-QDs). QDs of the general core-shell type have defects at the core and shell junctioninterface due to the different lattice constants. However, G-QDs have a low number of lattice defectsin the form of a step function between the core and the shell owing to their chemical compositionand can more easily confine electron-hole pairs (EHP). Therefore, we fabricated QD-based LEDsby using two emissive layer (G-QDs and S-QDs) and analyzed their characteristics, including theirbrightness and efficiency.