급성 카드뮴중독의 치사량과 혈액 및 간 조직에 미치는 영향

정규철,박정덕,조병희 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1988 中央醫大誌 Vol.13 No.1

Cadmium toxicity on lethality and hepatotoxicity in relation to dosage was investigated with Sprague-Dawley rates after single dose of 0.1~0.3% cadmium chloride solutions into peritoneal cavity of each rats. The rates were divided into 7 groups and amount of dose ranged from 1 to 32 mgCd/kg body weight. Lethal dose (LD_50) was calculated by probit method, and found to be 5.71mgCd/kg body weight. In contrast to an average concentration of cadmium in blood for control group was 0.028±0.095 ㎍Cd/ℓ, the blood concentration for a group to which 1 mgCd/kg body weight was given increased to 15.0±3.9 ㎍Cd/ℓ, and fitting the blood concentrations to power function curve on dosage. Cadmium concentrations in hepatic tissue had also the same relationship as blood cadmium concentrations and, in turn, between blood and hepatic concentrations with regression coefficient of 0.707. Minimal toxic dose (TDLo) based on histopathological findings during the course of observation after the dose was revealed to be 2.0 mgCd/kg body weight and the effective dose (ED_50) for inducing inflammatory cell infiltration (L_1 group) and for induction of pyknosis, hyperchromaticity or partial necrosis of hepatic cells (L_2 group) were identical with a value of 3.29 mgCd/kg body weight.

대학 신입생의 시력분포에 관한 연구

정규철,이태윤 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1988 中央醫大誌 Vol.13 No.1

Both naked corrected vision were tested on 4,271 college entrants in 1987 (2,627 male and 1,644 female) by using Han‘s vision test chart. Vision of each eye tested was analyzed by demographic variables such as age, sex and geographic locations where the students were grown-up. Naked vision showed bimodal distribution with the highest frequency in a group with normal vision and a group with the high degree near-sighted (0.2 or less) in both male and female students. Corrected vision, on the other hand, showed unimodal distribution with the highest frequency in a group with normal vision. A distinct difference in the distribution of near-sighted vision between sexes was found showing the higher rates in female than in male students (p<0.01). Even in corrected visions 50% or more of the eyes showed the normal vision in the male students and the rate of corrected vision was lower in female students with 40% or more (p<0.01). No difference in distribution of vision was found between right and left eyes, age groups, and geographic locations where the students were grown-up.

국민학교 예·체능 교과 전담제의 문제점과 개선 방안 : Physical Education, Music Education, and Art Education

김문규,박종원,양철모 부산교육대학교 초등교육연구소 1992 초등교육연구 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems and to make a solution for the management of subject teacher system (particularly, physical education, music education, and art education) in elementary school. The subjects were 980 elementary school teachers who were randomized by researchers. They reported their perceptions and opinions with a questionaire that was developed by researchers and some other teachers were interviewed on the problems and means of sattling that of the management of subject teacher system in elementary schools. The results of this study were as follows. 1. School Principals should be have a new understanding about the purpose of subject teacher system that could be devote to improve the quality of subject-matter education and the effectiveness of instruction. 2. Subject teacher system have to be applied in 4-6 grade in elementary school. 3. Preferentially, subject teacher system should be applied for physical education, music education, and art education. 4. The references of selection for subject teacher should be restricted within volunteers and effective teacher on the selected subjects. 5. The school hours of subject teacher should be limitted to under 22 hours per week, and in the case of physical education, music education, and art education teachers should be limitted to below 18 hours. It is necessary that educational facilities, materials, and rest space for subject teachers should be expanded. 7. To attract physical education, music education, and art education teachers, new incentive system should be adopted. 8. To improve human relationship between subject teachers and class teachers, cooperative program should be developed. 9. It is necessary for subject teachers that the opportunity involved solf-improvement and self-realization should be offered. 10. In the last analysis, physical education teacher, music education teacher, 문 art education teacher should be educated in the major courses at the teachers college.

남녀 청소년의 노력성 호기류량 지수

정규철,문재혁,홍연표 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1991 中央醫大誌 Vol.16 No.2

Forced expiratory flow rates of 427 boys and 414 girls aged between 8∼19 years old who were attending primary, middle and high schools were measured with Collins Survey Spirometer with Eagle One Microprocessor (Warren E. Collins, Inc., U.S.A.). Spirograms and simultaneous flow-volume curves were recorded on a kymograph and on a X-Y recorder (HP 7044b/7045b, U.S.A.) attached to the spirometer, respectively. Simple indices for the forced expiratory flow rates were derived. The calculation of indices required minimal information on mean age, mean height, and mean values of each forced expiratory flow rates(PEER, FEF_25%, FEF_50%, FEF_75%, and FEF_25-75%) to compare those groups which were different by many criteria such as smoking habbits, degree of air pollution, occupation, ethnic classification, disease state, symptomatological state, etc. The proposed indices are : For Male For Female 1. Index PEFR = PEFR·Age^-0.64/Height ^1.49 ; = PEFR·Age^-0.10/Height^2.11 2. Index FEF_25% = FEF_25%·Age^-0.63/Height^1.35 ; = FEF_25%·Age^-0.16/Height^1.95 3. Index FEF_50% = FEF_50%·Age^-0.42/Height^1.76 ; = FEF_50%·Age^-0.25/Height^1.76 4. Index FEF_75% = FEF_75%·Age^-0.35/Height^2.29 ; = FEF_75%·Age^-0.34/Height^1.84 5. Index FEF_25∼75% = FEF_25∼75%·Age^-0.42/Height^2.00 ; = FEF_25∼75%·Age^-0.32/Height^1.81 Percentages of FEF_25%, FEF_50%, FEF_75%, FEF_25∼75% and PEFR in each age group were 90∼95 %, 65∼70 %, 35 % and 55∼60 % for males and 95 %, 75 %, 40∼45 % and 65∼70 % for females, respectively, indicating 5∼10 % higher values in female for indices.

학동기에서 청년초기까지의 노력성 폐활량 및 1초량의 예측

정규철,안철민,홍연표 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1991 中央醫大誌 Vol.16 No.3

Forced vital capacity(FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV_1) were measured in 473 males and 413 females aged 8 to 21 years old who were healthy, non-smoking and attending school in Seoul with Collins Survey Spirometer(Warren E. Collins, Inc., U.S.A.). The results were as follows; 1. Prediction equations for FVC and FEV_1 were best expressed in a form of linear regression as a function of height, respectively, for a group of children aged 8 to 12 years, whereas as a function of age, height and weight for those older than 13 years both in males and females. 2. Mean difference between the measured and predicted values in each age group ranged 86 ml(1.1%)∼-54 ml(2.4%) for FVC and 167 ml(3.1%)∼-110 ml(3.2%) for FEV_1 in males and 86 ml(4.3%)∼-97 ml(4.6%) for FVC and 91 ml(1.7%)∼-125 ml(5.9%) for FEV_1 in females. 3. Mean one second rate (FEV_1%) were found to be 91.3±5.0 % aged 8 to 21 years in males and 93.5±4.8 % aged 8 to 19 years in females. There was a highly significant difference in FEV_1% aged 8 to 19 years between male and female (p<0.001).

서울시내 국민학교 아동의 호기속도-용량곡선

정규철,이정희 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1988 中央醫大誌 Vol.13 No.2

Maximal expiratory flow rates: PEFR, PEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%, FEF25-75% were measured on 378 primary school children aged from 5 to 12 years in Seoul (183 males and 195 females) using Collins Survery Spirometer with Eagle One Microprocessor (Warren E. Collins, Inc,, U.S.A.). Mean values of PEFR and FEF25-75% were 4.66±0.99 and 2.61±0.59 1/sec for males and 3.98±1.00 and 2.54±0.64 1/sec for females showing at FEF25-75% amounted to approximately 60% of PEFR. Mean values of FEF25%, FEF50%, and FEF75% were gradually decreased in order in both sexes. Variability of the maximal expiratory flow rates was quite big in all measurements: indicating 20% in males and 25% in females for PEFR, FEF50% and FEF25-75%, and about 30% in both sexes for FEF75%. Maximal expiratory flow rates were closely correlated with age and physical growth, especially stature. Simple regression equations of maximal expiratory flow rates on stature and multiple regression equations on age and physical growth were derived for both sexes. These equations were proved to be valid in predicting maximal expiratory flow rates of primary school children.

우리나라 어른 남자의 피, 오줌 및 머리칼에 함유된 수은량의 추정

정규철,주덕원 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1981 中央醫大誌 Vol.6 No.4

For a purpose of searching a rational means of estimating an amount of mercury absorption in normal metabolic process, and to obtain data concerning normal concentrations of mercury in blood, urine and hair of the male adults living in Seoul, Korea, 58 male volunteers aged from 20 to 30 years of age who had no obvious exposure to mercury for occupational and/or therapeutic purposes were selected, and mercury concentrations in blood, urine and hair specimens collected from them were analyzed by dithizone calorimetric method. 1. Frequency distribution of mercury concentrations in urine and hair specimens were well fitted to the log-normal distribution with the equivalent sample means and standard deviations, and that of mercury in blood was fitted to both the normal and the log-normal distributions. 2. Mean mercury concentration in the 24-hour urine specimens was ln^-1 2.48 ㎍/ℓ±ln^-1 0.67㎍/ℓ (x￣_g±s_g=11.95㎍/ℓ;X_max-X_min=23.3㎍/ℓ∼6.12㎍/ℓ). 3. Frequency distribution of mercury concentrations in the 24-hour urine specimens was better fitted to the log-normal distribution when the value was adjusted by specific gravity of urine 1.024 or per gram of creatinine excretion per liter of urine. Mean value of mercury excretion in the 24-hour urine specimens was ln^-1 2.88㎍/ℓ×((0.024/S.G.-1.000)±ln^-1 0.60㎍/ℓ) × ((0.024/S.G.-1.000)(x￣_g±s_g=1. 81㎍/ℓ))×((0.024/S.G.-1.000)±1.65㎍/ℓ)×(0.024/S.G.-1.000);X_max∼X_min=(29.9㎍/ℓ×(0.024/S.G.-1.000)-11.0㎍/ℓ×(0.024/S.G.-1.000)), and ln^-1 2.89㎍/g · creatinine/ℓ±ln^-1 0.62㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ (x￣_g±s_g=18.0㎍/g)·creatinine/ℓ±1.86㎍/g · creatinine/ℓ;X_max∼X_min=33.5㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ∼9.7㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ),respectively. 4. Frequency distribution of mercury concentrations in hourly-voided urine specimens was fitted to the log-normal distribution as well, showing the mean of ln^-1 3.07㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ±ln^-1 0.77㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ(x￣_g±s_g=21.5㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ±2.16㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ);X_max∼X_min=46.4㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ∼10.0㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ) with greater dispersion of mercury excretion than in the 24-hour urine specimens. 5. Mercury excretion in the hourly-voided urine specimens showed a diurnal varition (p<0.01), as minimal as ln^-1 2.72㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ±ln^-1 0.76㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ(x￣_g±s_g=15.2㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ±2.14㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ);X_max∼X_min=32.5㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ±7.10㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ) in urinevoided at 6 o'clock in the morning and as maximal as ln^-1 3.34㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ+ln^-1 0.58㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ (x￣_g±s_g=26.6㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ±2.10㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ);X_max∼X_min=55.9㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ∼12.7㎍/g·creatinine/ℓ) in urine viided at 1 o'clock in the afternoon. 6. Frequency distribution of mercury concentrations in blood was fitted to both the normal and the log-normal distributions with the arithmetic mean of x￣±s=30.2㎍/100ml±14.96㎍/100ml and the geometric mean of ln^-1 3.23㎍/100ml±ln^-1 0.57㎍/100ml(x￣_g±s_g=25.3㎍/100ml±1.77㎍/100ml;X_max∼X_min=44.8㎍/100ml∼14.29㎍/100ml). 7. Frequency distribution of mercury concentrations in hair was log-normally distributed with the mean of ln^-1 0.45㎍/㎍/g±ln^-1 0.56㎍/g(x￣_g±s_g=1.57㎍/g;X_max∼X_min=2.75㎍/g∼0.90㎍/g) 8. Frequency distribution of mercury concentrations in urine, when expressed in terms of ㎍ per liter, was well fitted to the logarithmic, exponential and power curves with that in hair (㎍/g). No relationship, however, was found between mercury in urine and in blood (㎍/100ml), and between mercury in blood and in hair.

식품함유 수은량측정에 있어서 두가지 측정방법의 정도비교

정규철,박정덕,이영구 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1988 中央醫大誌 Vol.13 No.2

In order to verify differences in analytic results of mercury concentration in food due to analytical methods, both dithizone and gold amalgam methods were applied to estimate mercury concentrations in soybeans and in soybean-sprouts cultivated in our laboratory. Recovery rates of mercury by standard additions method were similar for both analytical methods with values ranging from 85 to 105%. Loss or contamination of specimens with mercury during the wet digestion process was found to be negligible. The result of the analysis revealed that the mercury concentrations measured by the dithizone method estimated to be 10-20 times as high as those measured by the gold amalgam method. The causes of this difference in analytic results between the two methods appeared to be due to undetected volatilization of mercury from the specimen during descication process in the gold amalgam method, but exact nature still remained unclarified. It was confirmed that the mercury concentrations in soybean sprouts decreased in the process of cooking and boiling (p<0.01), but those in soybeans did not (p>0.1).

韓國勤勞者들의 健康診斷結果報告 : (第3報) 우리나라 勤勞者들의 高血壓症에 관한 疫學的硏究 (Report 3) Epidemiological Studies of Hypertension among Korean Industrial Workers

鄭奎澈 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1963 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.2 No.10

Problems of hypertension have become important in the aspect of preventive medicine as the morbidity and mortality rates of hypertensive cardiovascular diseases are increasing recently. Statistics show that 1.28% out of the annual total deaths in Korea were caused from the cardiovascular diseases during the years, 1938 to 1942, but in 1960, this figure rose to 2.33%. The purpose of this study is to find out the nature of prevalence of hypertension among workers by the characteristics of their works, and the possible biological and envirommental factors which might influence on the occurrence of the disease. We are planning an extensive epidemiological investigation on hypertension among Korean industrial workers. As a part of the study, this report is obtained from the preliminary survey which was carried out on the occasion of nationwide health examination on the Korean workers in various industrial plants since April, 1963. Subjects of this study were 5,352 male workers over 30 years of age working in various industrial plants. Their average age was 41.1 years. There were 2,406 persons whose age were over 40 years and 2,946 persons below 40. Blood pressure was measured with a mercurial sphygmomanometer in the sitting position at their upper arms. Those who were at work were advised to take a rest for at least for 30 minutes before their blood pressure measurements were made. The results of the survey are as follow : (1) The average values of the systolic and diastolic pressures of workers are 135.9±22.2mmHg and 88.2±14.4mmHg respectively. Both blood pressure values are higher in older age group. (2) This survey reveals that the prevalence rate of hypertension among the workers who are in their thirties is 14.6% and that of over 40 years is 26.2%. Prevalence rate of hypertension among the whole subjects is 21.0%. This indicates that hypertension is more prevalent among working population when it is compared to the rate (6.0%) among the whole Koreans. (3) Among the various industrial workers, the leather factory and loading laborers show the highest values of the systolic pressure with 148.0 mmHg and 141.6mmHg respectively. The industries which show the lowest values in the systolic blood pressure of their workers are electric material manufacturing, rubber factories, and transportation business, and their average values show 121.3mmHg, 126.2mmHg and 123.8mmHg respectively. Average systolic pressures of the workers in the remaining industries range from 140.1mmHg to 132.6mmHg. (4) A pattern of the frequency distribution of the diastolic pressures in various industries is similar to that of the systolic pressures mentioned above. The only difference is that not only the diastolic pressure of the paper manufacturing workers show the highest value of 96.7mmHg but also there is the biggest difference in the values of diastolic pressures between the older and the younger age groups. However, no particular reason can be found to explain this phemomenon. (5) There is no single case of hypertension among workers below 40 years of age working in glassware, electric material manufacturing industries. This might be attributable to the fact that the subjects we tested were few in number. Industries which show the highest prevalence rate of hypertension are those that require hard physical labor such as brick or briquett industries. On the other hand, industries with lower prevalence rate are the glassware industry, the transportation business, the rubber industry in order with the rates of 6.5%, 7.0%, 8.5%, 11.2% and 14.0% respectively. The range of prevalence rates in other industries in 15.4%∼24.1%. (6) The prevalence rates of hypertension generally increase as the years of working life advance, namely, 18.2% among a group of workers whose working life is less than 2 years, 21.4% with 3∼4 years, 23.6% with 5∼10 years and 28.3% over 11 years of working life. (7) Among the workers whose works require mainly physical labor and the administrative workers who are required to perform mental labor, the prevalence rate of hypertension increases with the years of working life. On the other hand, workers in rubber factories and in transportation business show the tendency of decline in the rate of prevalence of hypertension with the years of their working life. This may be due to the prolonged exposure to gasoline fume or other organic solvents they may handle. (8) There is no significant difference in the pulse pressure among workers in various industries except the low pulse pressure among the administrative workers and rubber factory workers. (9) The average body weight of the hypertensive group is heavier than that of the normal group with the risk of less than 0.003, indication that the average weight of the former is 59.5kg and that of the latter is 57.7kg. (10) There is a significant difference in the visual accuity between the normal and the hypertensive groups in each age group, and between group of over 40 years and group of below 40. These indicate that the disturbance of vision is more frequently encountered in the hypertensive cases. And the visions of workers are impaired to some extent by the development of presbyopia after 40 years of their age.

체중/(신장)^p형 체격지수의 분표형

한태현,정규철 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1979 中央醫大誌 Vol.4 No.1

In order to verify the distribution types of weight/(height)^p­type physical indices, viz, relative weight (wt/ht), Kaup index (wt/ht^2), Ro¨hler index (wt/ht^3) and Florey index (ht/^3√wt), statistical analyses were made with the data of weight and height measurements obtained from adult males aged from 16 to 59 years. The results of the analyses disclosed that the distribution types of weight/(height)^p­type physical indices were not identical with the theoretical normal distribution as the distributions were leptokurtic (β_2>3), and non­symmetrical: somewhat left­shifted in the distributions of relative weight, Kaup index and Ro¨hler index (β_1>0), and right­shifted in Florey index (β_1<0). It is concluded that the distribution types of weight/height^p­type physical indices are approximately normal and the theory of normal distribution can be applicable to the analyses of these data.