Intraoperative refractory status epilepticus caused by propofol -a case report-

Kumar Abhyuday,Kumar Amarjeet,Kumar Neeraj,Kumar Ajeet 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.74 No.1

Background: Status epilepticus, when continued despite the administration of two antiepileptic drugs, is called refractory status epilepticus (RSE). The seizure-like phenomenon due to propofol is widely reported in the literature. However, RSE caused by propofol is rare and is a diagnostic dilemma. Case: A 44-year-old male patient presented with RSE during the intraoperative period and was under general anesthesia on propofol infusion. The seizure was resistant to benzodiazepines and phenytoin. Thereafter, the seizure subsided after the discontinuation of propofol infusion, and the patient was shifted to fentanyl and dexmedetomidine infusion for the maintenance of anesthesia. The postoperative follow-up was uneventful. Conclusions: This article focuses on the management of intractable intraoperative seizure and highlights the need for the exploration of seizure characteristics caused by propofol.

Dielectric, Ferroelectric, Energy Storage, and Pyroelectric Properties of Mn-Doped (Pb_0.93La_0.07)(Zr_0.82Ti_0.18)O₃ Anti-Ferroelectric Ceramics

Kumar, Ajeet,Yoon, Jang Yuel,Thakre, Atul,Peddigari, Mahesh,Jeong, Dae-Yong,Kong, Young-Min,Ryu, Jungho The Korean Ceramic Society 2019 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.56 No.4

In this study, the dielectric and polarization properties of manganese (Mn% = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5) doped (Pb_0.93La_0.07)(Zr_0.82Ti_0.18)O₃ (PLZT 7/82/18) anti-ferroelectric ceramics were studied for energy storage capacitor and pyroelectric applications. A systematic investigation demonstrated that the electric properties of PLZT 7/82/18 ceramics are affected significantly by the Mn-doping content. A maximum dielectric constant of ~ 2,128 at 1 kHz was found for 0.1% Mn-doped PLZT ceramics with a low dielectric loss of 0.018. The bipolar polarization versus electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops were traced for all compositions showing a typical anti-ferroelectric nature. The breakdown field was found to decrease with Mn-doping. The energy storage density and efficiency were found to be 460 J/㎤ and ~ 63%, respectively, for 0.2% Mn-doped PLZT ceramics. The pyroelectric coefficient of PLZT ceramics shows an increase based on the amount of Mn-doping.

Rnf152 Is Essential for NeuroD Expression and Delta-Notch Signaling in the Zebrafish Embryos

Ajeet Kumar,허태린,최준호,이명철 한국분자세포생물학회 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.12

We report the biological functions of a zebrafish homologue of RING-finger protein 152 (rnf152) during embryogenesis. rnf152 was initially iden-tified as a brain-enriched E3 ligase involved in early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Expression of rnf152 was ubiquitous in the brain at 24 hpf but restricted to the eyes, midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB), and rhombomeres at 48 hpf. Knockdown of rnf152 in zebrafish embryos caused defects in the eyes, MHB, and rhombomeres (r1–7) at 24 hpf. These defects in rnf152-deficient embryos were analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) using neuroD, deltaD, notch1a, and notch3 probes. NeuroD expression was abolished in the marginal zone, outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the eyes at 27 hpf. Furthermore, deltaD and notch1a expression was remarkably reduced in the ONL, INL, subpallium, tectum, cerebellum, and rhombomeres (r1-7) at 24 hpf, whereas notch3 expression was reduced in the tectum, cerebellum, and rhombomeres at 24 hpf. Finally, we confirmed that expression of Notch target genes, her4 and ascl1a, also decreased significantly in these areas at 24 hpf. Thus, we propose that Rnf152 is essential for development of the eyes, midbrain and hindbrain, and that Delta-Notch signaling is involved.

High Energy Storage Properties and Electrical Field Stability of Energy Efficiency of (Pb0.89La0.11)(Zr0.70Ti0.30)0.9725O3 Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics

Ajeet Kumar,So Hyeon Kim,Mahesh Peddigari,Dong-Hyuk Jeong,Geon-Tae Hwang,Jungho Ryu 대한금속·재료학회 2019 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.15 No.3

In this study, electric energy storage properties of (Pb 0.89 La 0.11 )(Zr 0.70 Ti 0.30 ) 0.9725 O 3 (PLZT 11/70/30) relaxor ceramics wereinvestigated. XRD pattern and SEM image confi rms the perovskite phase and dense structure without any secondary phasesand pores, respectively. Room temperature dielectric constant was found to be high (~ 3520) with low dielectric loss (~ 0.03). Dielectric constant changes with temperature confi rm the relaxor ferroelectric behaviour of PLZT ceramics. Diff erentparameters such as degree of deviation ( ΔT m ) from the Curie–Weiss law, the diff useness of the phase transition ( ΔT diff ) anddegree of diff useness ( γ ), which are related to the relaxor nature of ferroelectrics were calculated. With the remarkably slimpolarization versus electric fi eld hysteresis loops even at high applied electric fi eld, high energy storage of 0.85 J/cm 3 andvery high energy storage effi ciency of 92.9% were obtained from the PLZT ceramics. These values suggest that the PLZT11/70/30 composition can be used for the pulse driving energy storage applications.

Rnf152 Is Essential for NeuroD Expression and Delta-Notch Signaling in the Zebrafish Embryos

Kumar, Ajeet,Huh, Tae-Lin,Choe, Joonho,Rhee, Myungchull Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.12

We report the biological functions of a zebrafish homologue of RING-finger protein 152 (rnf152) during embryogenesis. rnf152 was initially identified as a brain-enriched E3 ligase involved in early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Expression of rnf152 was ubiquitous in the brain at 24 hpf but restricted to the eyes, midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB), and rhombomeres at 48 hpf. Knockdown of rnf152 in zebrafish embryos caused defects in the eyes, MHB, and rhombomeres (r1-7) at 24 hpf. These defects in rnf152-deficient embryos were analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) using neuroD, deltaD, notch1a, and notch3 probes. NeuroD expression was abolished in the marginal zone, outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the eyes at 27 hpf. Furthermore, deltaD and notch1a expression was remarkably reduced in the ONL, INL, subpallium, tectum, cerebellum, and rhombomeres (r1-7) at 24 hpf, whereas notch3 expression was reduced in the tectum, cerebellum, and rhombomeres at 24 hpf. Finally, we confirmed that expression of Notch target genes, her4 and ascl1a, also decreased significantly in these areas at 24 hpf. Thus, we propose that Rnf152 is essential for development of the eyes, midbrain and hindbrain, and that Delta-Notch signaling is involved.

Transcriptomic networks of gba3 governing specification of the dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish embryos

Kumar Ajeet,Rhee Myungchull 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.12

Background: Molecular networks associated with dopaminergic (DA) neurogenesis remain undefined within mammalian models. To address this issue, the transient zebrafish model lmx1al: EGFP was generated, which expresses GFP in the DA precursor cells as well as in the DA neurons of the ventral diencephalon (VD). We found that the novel pseudogene gba3 has not been well studied in zebrafish neurogenesis. Objective: Crucial networks associated with gba3 transcripts were investigated because the biological functions of these networks have not been reported in DA neurogenesis in zebrafish. Methods: RNA isolation and sequencing were employed with GFP-expressing cells from 20-, 22-, and 24 h post-fertilization (hpf), while subsequent transcriptomic analysis generated differentially expressed genes with DA neurogenesis (DEG-DA) list. Hierarchical cluster analysis provided absolute guidance for the collection of gba3, an essential transcript that is strictly spatiotemporally expressed during DA neurogenesis, which was proven with whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and knockdown and rescue of the gba3 transcripts in zebrafish embryos. Results: The gba3 transcripts were restricted to the midbrain at 24 hpf and the midbrain and pectoral fins at 30 hpf in zebrafish embryos. Functional studies with knockdown of gba3 found a diminished state in the midbrain and midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) and an underdeveloped condition in the anteroposterior and dorsolateral axis relative to the wild type (WT) at 24 hpf. However, it was recovered after forced expression of gba3 transcripts at 24 hpf. Molecular markers for the DA precursors and mature neurons lmx1al, nurr1, th, and pitx3 were analyzed in the gba3 MOs. The levels of transcripts lmx1al, nurr1, and th were significantly reduced in the midbrain ventral diencephalon (VD) and hindbrain of gba3 morphants compared to the WT at 24 hpf, while expression patterns of pitx3 transcripts showed no differences in the identical regions between gba3 MOs and the controls. Conclusions: We discuss transcriptional networks in which transcripts of gba3 plausibly govern the specification of dopaminergic neurogenesis in zebrafish embryos.

Low leakage current, enhanced energy storage, and fatigue endurance in room-temperature deposited (Pb0.93La0.07)(Zr0.82Ti0.18)O3 thick films

Kumar Ajeet,Lee Geon,Thakre Atul,Patil Deepak Rajaram,Han Guifang,Ryu Jungho 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.6

This study reports the fabrication of manganese (Mn) doped antiferroelectric (AFE) thick fi lms (thickness of ~ 2 μm) of (Pb0.93 La0.07 )(Zr0.82 Ti0.18 )O3 (PLZT 7/82/18) at room temperature using aerosol deposition (AD) technique without any additional thermal treatment. The Mn-doped PLZT 7/82/18 AD thick fi lms demonstrate excellent energy storage and electrical properties despite being fabricated at room temperature. The dielectric properties of the PLZT AD thick fi lms were investigated across a frequency range of 100 Hz–1 MHz and a temperature range of 25–250 o C. The Mn-doped PLZT AD thick fi lms exhibit a dielectric constant of ~ 108, low dielectric loss of 0.0211, and high-temperature stability of ~ 5.5% (from 1 kHz to 1 MHz). The bipolar P-E and I-E hysteresis loops of the PLZT AD thick fi lms do not show an AFE behavior, however, resemble the paraelectric/dielectric type of loops. The Mn-doped PLZT AD thick fi lms exhibit high dielectric breakdown strength (DBS) of ~ 5420 kV/cm, energy-storage density (ESD) of ~ 38.7 W/cm 3 , with high energy effi ciency of ~ 71%. Additionally, the Mn-doped PLZT AD thick fi lms demonstrate a low leakage current and excellent fatigue properties, as indicated by the obtained polarization, DBS, ESD, and energy effi ciency after 10 8 cycles.

Dielectric, Ferroelectric, Energy Storage, and Pyroelectric Properties of Mn-Doped (Pb0.93La0.07)(Zr0.82Ti0.18)O3 Anti-Ferroelectric Ceramics

Ajeet Kumar,Jang Yuel Yoon,Atul Thakre,Mahesh Peddigari,정대용,Young-Min Kong,Jungho Ryu 한국세라믹학회 2019 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.56 No.4

In this study, the dielectric and polarization properties of manganese (Mn% = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5) doped (Pb0.93La0.07)(Zr0.82Ti0.18)O3 (PLZT 7/82/18) anti-ferroelectric ceramics were studied for energy storage capacitor and pyroelectric applications. A systematic investigation demonstrated that the electric properties of PLZT 7/82/18 ceramics are affected significantly by the Mn-doping content. A maximum dielectric constant of ~ 2,128 at 1 kHz was found for 0.1% Mn-doped PLZT ceramics with a low dielectric loss of 0.018. The bipolar polarization versus electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops were traced for all compositions showing a typical anti-ferroelectric nature. The breakdown field was found to decrease with Mn-doping. The energy storage density and efficiency were found to be 460 J/cm3 and ~ 63%, respectively, for 0.2% Mn-doped PLZT ceramics. The pyroelectric coefficient of PLZT ceramics shows an increase based on the amount of Mn-doping.

Power System Enhanced Monitoring through Strategic PMU Placement Considering Degree of Criticality of Buses

Ajeet Kumar Singh,Manoj Fozdar 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.5

This paper proposes a method for optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) considering system configuration and its attributes during the planning phase of PMU deployment. Each bus of the system is assessed on four diverse attributes; namely, redundancy of measurements, rotor angle and frequency monitoring of generator buses, reactive power deficiency, and maximum loading limit under transmission line outage contingency, and a consolidated ‘degree of criticality’ is determined using Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The major contribution of the proposed work is the development of modified objective function which incorporates values of the degree of criticality of buses. The problem is formulated as maximization of the aggregate degree of criticality of the system. The resultant PMU configuration extends complete observability of the system and majority of the PMUs are located on critical buses. As budgetary restrictions on utilities may not allow installation PMUs even at optimal locations in a single phase, multi-horizon deployment of PMUs is also addressed. The proposed approach is tested on IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, New England (NE) 39-bus, IEEE 57-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems and compared with some existing methods.

Seminal Attributes and Semen Cryo-banking of Nepalese Indigenous Achhami (Bos indicus) Bull under Ex-situ Conservation

Pankaj Kumar Jha,Saroj Sapkota,Neena Amatya Gorkhali,Bhoj Raj Pokharel,Ajeet Kumar Jha,Shishir Bhandari,Bhola Shankar Shrestha 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2019 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.34 No.4

The study was conducted to evaluate the seminal attributes and cryo-banking of Achhami (Bos indicus) bull semen. Of two Achhami bulls, 8 ejaculates from each bull were evaluated for seminal attributes. For semen freezing and cryo-banking, 4 ejaculates (having ≥2 mL semen volume, ≥75% of sperm motility and ≥1,000 × 106 cells/mL of sperm concentration) from each bull were used. Semen samples were diluted in egg-yolk-tris-citrate extender using a two-step dilution protocol, and were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapour in a styrofoam box. The mean semen volume, colour, sperm mass activity, motility, viability, concentration, abnormal acrosome, midpiece and tail and, abnormal head of two Achhami bulls were 4.4 ± 0.5 mL vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mL, 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1, 3.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.5 ± 0.1, 77.0 ± 1.1% vs. 78.3 ± 1.3%, 94.4 ± 0.5% vs. 91.0 ± 0.6%, 1137.7 ± 73.7 × 106 cells/mL vs. 1060.0 ± 44.3 × 106 cells/mL, 10.2 ± 0.5% vs. 10.3 ± 0.5% and 6.7 ± 0.5% vs. 8.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. The post-thawed sperm motility and viability were 53.0 ± 2.0% vs. 50.0 ± 0.0% and 80.2 ± 0.4% vs. 73.2 ± 0.7%, while evaluating by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, the percentage of the progressive motility, fast motility, slow motility, local motility and immotile sperm were 75%, 68%, 7.4%, 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively. A total number of 620 doses semen straw were cryo-banked. Due to the acceptable post-thawed sperm motility and viability recorded, cryopreservation of Achhami semen is hereby recommended so as to preserve the Achhami breed. For further validation, the fertility will be observed from the produced frozen semen.