http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Kuem-Ju Lee,Dong-Hoon Kim,Song-Hyen Choi,You-Chan Shin,Sang-Ha Park,Bo-Hyun Moon,Seung Woo Kang,Eujin Cho,Sang-Hyun Choi,Boe-Gwun Chun,Min-Soo Lee,Kyung-Ho Shin 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2007 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.3
Recent studies suggest that alterations in glutamate receptor subunit levels in mesocorticolimbic dopamine areas could account for neural adaptations in response to psychostimulant drugs. Although many drugs of abuse induce changes in ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in mesocorticolimbic dopamine areas, the changes of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits by repeated nicotine treatment in these areas are not known. To answer this question, we injected male Sprague-Dawley rats twice daily with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or saline (1 ml/kg) for 10 days. The immunoreactivity of NR1, GluR1, and GluR2 glutamate receptor subunits was examined 16∼18 h after the last injection of saline or nicotine. Repeated nicotine treatment significantly increased NR1 levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In addition, repeated nicotine treatment showed a tendency towards an increase in GluR1 levels in the VTA as well as in striatum. However, there was no significant change in glutamate receptor subunits in other areas including nucleus accumbens (NAc). These results demonstrate that repeated nicotine treatment increases NR1 levels in VTA similarly to other drugs of abuse, suggesting that elevated glutamate receptor subunits in the VTA, but not NAc may be involved in the excitation of mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurons by nicotine.
Lee, Kuem-Ju,Kim, Dong-Hoon,Choi, Song-Hyen,Shin, You-Chan,Park, Sang-Ha,Moon, Bo-Hyun,Kang, Seung-Woo,Cho, Eu-Jin,Choi, Sang-Hyun,Chun, Boe-Gwun,Lee, Min-Soo,Shin, Kyung-Ho The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2007 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.11 No.4
Recent studies suggest that alterations in glutamate receptor subunit levels in mesocorticolimbic dopamine areas could account for neural adaptations in response to psychostimulant drugs. Although many drugs of abuse induce changes in ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in mesocorticolimbic dopamine areas, the changes of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits by repeated nicotine treatment in these areas are not known. To answer this question, we injected male Sprague-Dawley rats twice daily with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or saline (1 ml/kg) for 10 days. The immunoreactivity of NR1, GluR1, and GluR2 glutamate receptor subunits was examined $16{\sim}18 h$ after the last injection of saline or nicotine. Repeated nicotine treatment significantly increased NR1 levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In addition, repeated nicotine treatment showed a tendency towards an increase in GluR1 levels in the VTA as well as in striatum. However, there was no significant change in glutamate receptor subunits in other areas including nucleus accumbens (NAc). These results demonstrate that repeated nicotine treatment increases NR1 levels in VTA similarly to other drugs of abuse, suggesting that elevated glutamate receptor subunits in the VTA, but not NAc may be involved in the excitation of mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurons by nicotine.
박금주, 박재현, 양민지, 김소연, 이윤미, 남윤지, 최정인 水原大學校 2019 論文集 Vol.33 No.-
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of auricular acupressure on constipation among nursing college students. Methods: A Quasi-experimental Data of Nonequivalence Control Group design was used. Participants were 38 nursing students(experimental group(n=19, control group(n=19)). Results: Subjects in the treatment group reported significant effect, which mitigating the symptoms of constipation, in change in amount of gas passed rectally, rectal fullness of pressure, rectal pain with bowel movements and smaller volume of stool. However, there are no significant effect between two groups on abdominal distention or bloating, less frequent bowel movements, oozing liquid stool and urge but inability to pass stool. Conclusion: This findings show that auricular acupressure has an effect on reducing amount of gas passed rectally, rectal fullness of pressure, rectal pain with bowel movements and smaller volume of stool. Therefore, auricular acupressure is considered as a nursing intervention for mitigating the symptoms of constipation.
뇌파를 이용한 의사소통이 불가능한 중증장애인의 감정인식 모니터
이경완(Kyeongwan Lee),이금주(Kuem Ju Lee),서재문(Jaemoon Seo),안광옥(Kwangok An),최현(Hyun Choi) 한국HCI학회 2012 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1
This study was to develope a real-time emotion monitor via algorithms based on Electroencephalogram (EEG) and to eventually help disabled people with severe communication problems express or be monitored of their feelings (happiness, sadness, relaxedness, and fearfulness). 35 people with no disabilities aged from 20 to 70 who had no similar experimental experience participated in the study. An 8 channel Electroencephalogram (EEG) system (QEEG-8, LAXTHA) and Telescan, an EEG analysis software, were used for recording and analyzing the EEG signals. The 4 emotion inducing videos were presented, using a fixed randomization method, on the computer screen each for 10 minutes followed by a 5 minute break interval. The results showed that relative powers of the alpha, beta, gamma and theta waves induced by each emotional stimulus were remarkably different at each EEG electrode location on the scalp. These results suggest that emotions can be monitored through EEG in disabled people with severe communication problems and that with some additional experiments and modifications of the EEG emotion indexes, the real-time emotion recognition system can be developed to monitor not only the emotions of people with disabilities but also their cognitive abilities. 본 연구는 감정뇌파를 기반으로 하는 알고리즘을 통해 감정인식을 표준화 한 "감정인식 모니터"를 개발하여, 의사소통이 불가능한 중증장애인들이 뇌파를 이용하여 복잡한 감정(기쁨, 슬픔, 공포, 편안함 등)을 표현 하거나 그들의 감정을 모니터 할 수 있도록 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 정상 성인 남녀 중 본 실험과 유사한 실험에 경험이 없는 34명을 선별하였다. 자극 제시는 4종류의 영상물(기쁨, 슬픔, 두려움, 평안함을 주는 영상)을 고정된 무작위방법(fixed randomized method)으로 제공하였으며 감정뇌파측정 시간은 각 10분간의 영상사이 5분간 3회 휴식을 포함하여 총 40분이 소요되었다. EEG 수집과 분석은 8채널 EEG 시스템(QEEG-8, LAXTHA)과 뇌파 분석 소프트웨어인 Telescan이 사용되었다. 연구결과, 각 감정자극에 의한 alpha파, beta파, gamma파 그리고 theta파의 상대파워는 분석된 뇌의 측정 위치 (측두엽, 두정엽, 후두엽)에 따라 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로, 추후연구에서 추가적인 실험과 감정 지표의 수정/보완을 통해 장애인의 감정 뿐 아니라 인지능력도 실시간으로 모니터할 수 있는 장치 개발이 가능할 것이다.
Ryu, Shi Hyun,Lee, Ji Min,Jang, Kuem-Hee,Choi, Eun Hwa,Park, Shin Ju,Chang, Cheon Young,Kim, Won,Hwang, Ui Wook Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2007 Molecules and cells Vol.24 No.3
<P>Regions (about 3.7-3.8 kb) of the mitochondrial genomes (rrnL-cox1) of two tardigrades, a heterotardigrade, Batillipes pennaki, and a eutardigrade, Pseudobiotus spinifer, were sequenced and characterized. The gene order in Batillipes was rrnL-V-rrnS-Q-I-M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1, and in Pseudobiotus it was rrnL-V-rrnS-Q-M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1. With the exception of the trnI gene, the two tardigrade regions have the same gene content and order. Their gene orders are strikingly similar to that of the chelicerate Limulus polyphemus (rrnL-V-rrnS-CR-I-Q-M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1), which is considered to be ancestral for arthropods. Although the tardigrades do not have a distinct control region (CR) within this segment, the trnI gene in Pseudobiotus is located between rrnL-trnL1 and trnL2-nad1, and the trnI gene in Batillipes is located between trnQ and trnM. In addition, the 106-bp region between trnQ and trnM in Batillipes not only contains two plausible trnI genes with opposite orientations, but also exhibits some CR-like characteristics. The mitochondrial gene arrangements of 183 other protostomes were compared. 60 (52.2%) of the 115 arthropods examined have the M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1 arrangement, and 88 (76.5%) the M-nad2-W arrangement, as found in the tardigrades. In contrast, no such arrangement was seen in the 70 non-arthropod protostomes studied. These are the first non-sequence molecular data that support the close relationship of tardigrades and arthropods.</P>
Valproate prevents MK801-induced changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the rat brain
Jeon, Gye Sun,Park, Sang-Ha,Lee, Kuem-Ju,Lee, Min-Soo,Chun, Boe-Gwun,Shin, Kyung-Ho Elsevier 2006 european journal of pharmacology Vol.545 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>To investigate whether the anticonvulsant valproate influences the changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression induced by MK801 in rat brain, we injected valproate prior to MK801 and observed the changes in the BDNF expression 3?h later. MK801 significantly increased BDNF expression in the retrosplenial and entorhinal cortex, and these increases were prevented by valproate pretreatment. Valproate pretreatment significantly blocked the MK801-induced increase of BDNF expression in retrosplenial cortex at 3?h, 6?h, and 9?h after MK801 injection, suggesting that valproate pretreatment did not delay the MK801-induced increase of BDNF expression. However, MK801 significantly decreased BDNF expression in the granule cell layer of hippocampus, and valproate pretreatment before MK801 potentiated the MK801-induced decrease in BDNF expression in granule cell layer. These results indicate that valproate pretreatment differentially affects the MK801-induced changes in BDNF expression in a region-selective manner.</P>