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Cervical nerve roots and the dural sheath: a histological study using human fetuses near term
Kei Kitamura,Masahito Yamamoto,Yoshinosuke Hirota,Noriyuki Sato,Toshimasa Machida,Noboru Ishikawa,Hitoshi Yamamoto,Gen Murakami,Shinichi Abe 대한해부학회 2020 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.53 No.4
We have previously reported that the thoracolumbar posterior nerve root shows a tortuous epidural course, based on studies of human fetuses near term. For comparison with the cervical nerve, examinations were conducted using frontal, sagittal and horizontal sections of cervical vertebrae from 22 fetuses at 30-38 weeks of gestation. The cervical nerve root showed a short, straight and lateral course near the zygapophysial joint. Multiple rather than single bundles of the cervical posterior root seemed to account for the majority of sensory nerve fibers innervating the upper extremity. Fasciculation of rootlets was evident near the thoracolumbar spinal cord, whereas it was seen in the dural pocket at the nerve exit from the dural sac although both sites were subdural. As in the thoracolumbar region, the nerve sheath was continuous with the dura mater and independently surrounded each of the anterior and posterior roots. Radicular arteries were few in the cervical region. In 2 of the 22 fetuses (31 weeks and 33 weeks), there was a segmental, unilateral abnormality of nerve rootlet fasciculation where the dorsal root ganglion was located lateral or peripheral to the intervertebral region. Long nerve roots running inferiorly are a necessary adaptation to the delayed and marked growth of the thoracolumbar vertebral column. In children, the cervical nerve roots are likely to be affected by movement or dislocation of the vertebrae. The segmental abnormality of the cervical nerve root may be linked to rare variations in the brachial plexus.
Kei Moriya,Tadashi Namisaki,Shinya Sato,Masanori Furukawa,Akitoshi Douhara,Hideto Kawaratani,Kosuke Kaji,Naotaka Shimozato,Yasuhiko Sawada,Soichiro Saikawa,Hiroaki Takaya,Koh Kitagawa,Takemi Akahane,A 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.4
Background/Aims: We previously reported the comparable efficacy of bi-monthly hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (B-HAIC) to that of sorafenib chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) in patients with compensated cirrhosis. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of B-HAIC in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Methods: Forty-five patients with aHCC refractory to transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) were treated with B-HAIC and were divided into two groups according to hepatic functional reserve (Child-Pugh grade). Overall survival period, treatment response, and adverse events in each group were analyzed. Results: Efficacy and disease control rates in the Child-Pugh B group (n=24; 21% and 71%, respectively) were not significantly impaired compared the Child-Pugh A group (n=21; 38% and 67%, respectively). Median survival time and survival rate at 12 months in the Child-Pugh B group were 422 days and 58.3%, respectively, whereas those in the Child- Pugh A group were 567 days and 70.8%, respectively. Importantly, the hepatic functional reserve of patients did not worsen in either group during the treatment period. Furthermore, the occurrence rate of adverse events leading to discontinuation of anti-tumor treatment was not significantly increased in the Child-Pugh B group. Conclusions: Given the preservation of hepatic functional reserve afforded by B-HAIC chemotherapy in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, B-HAIC might be an acceptable alternative strategy for aHCC patients who do not respond to TACE.
Shinya Sato,Kei Moriya,Masanori Furukawa,Soichiro Saikawa,Tadashi Namisaki,Mitsuteru Kitade,Hideto Kawaratani,Kosuke Kaji,Hiroaki Takaya,Naotaka Shimozato,Yasuhiko Sawada,Kenichiro Seki,Koh Kitagawa,T 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.1
Background/Aims: L-carnitine not only alleviates hyperammonemia and reduces muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis, but also improves anemia in patients with chronic hepatitis and renal dysfunction. This study prospectively evaluated the preventative efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation against hemolytic anemia during antiviral treatment using ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic liver disease. Methods: A total of 41 patients with chronic hepatitis were consecutively enrolled in this study. Group A (n=22) received sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 3 months, whereas group B (n=19) was treated with sofosbuvir, ribavirin, and L-carnitine. Hemoglobin concentration changes, the effects of antiviral treatment, and the health status of patients were analyzed using short form-8 questionnaires. Results: A significantly smaller decrease in hemoglobin concentration was observed in group B compared to group A at every time point. Moreover, the prescribed dose intensity of ribavirin in group B was higher than that of group A, resulting in a higher ratio of sustained virological response (SVR) 24 in group B compared with group A. The physical function of patients in group B was also significantly improved compared to group A at the end of antiviral treatment. Conclusions: L-carnitine supplementation alleviates ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia in patients with HCV and helps relieve the physical burden of treatment with ribavirin-containing regimens. These advantages significantly increase the likelihood of achieving SVR.
Neutrino burst and gravitational wave from supernova explosions
Katsuhiko Sato,Kei Kotake,Keitaro Takahashi,Shin'ichiro Ando 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.45 No.1
The time prole and energy spectrum of a neutrino burst from supernovae is greatly modied by the eect of neutrino oscillations. We review how these conversions happen in a supernova mantle and how the burst could be detected by SK (Super-Kamiokande) and SNO (Sudbury Neutrino Observatory). We show that implications for neutrino parameters (mass hierarchy and the mixing angle between mass eigenstate 1; 3), can be obtained if a supernova appears at the Galactic Center. We also discuss the eects of neutrino oscillation on the supernova relic neutrino observations. In the end, we discuss the gravitational radiation from the rotating stellar cores, which will give us the information of the angular momentum distribution for evolved massive stars.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adherence to Denosumab Therapy: A Single Center Study
Kobayashi Kazuyoshi,Sato Koji,Ando Toshihiro,Ando Kei,Imura Saori 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.5
Study Design: A retrospective comparative study of denosumab therapy adherence before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on denosumab therapy adherence in Japan.Overview of Literature: Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody for osteoporosis treatment. Delayed denosumab injections are associated with reduced treatment responses, which was a concern during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Participants included 376 patients who received denosumab (60 mg every 6 months) from January 2013 to June 2021. The time from therapy initiation to discontinuation was used to measure persistence, and that between initial and subsequent injections was used to determine adherence. The pandemic period was from March 2020 to December 2021.Results: Patients were divided into those treated after March 2020 (pandemic group, n=244) and those who discontinued treatment before March 2020 (non-pandemic group, n=132). Non-persistent cases accounted for 154, including 24 (20%), 64 (19%), and 66 (53%) aged ≤59 years, 60–79 years, and ≥80 years, respectively. The overall persistence rate at 78 months was 59.2%. Postponed cases were significantly lower in the non-pandemic group than in the pandemic group (8% vs. 15%, <i>p</i> =0.042). Postponement with a delay of 1–2 months did not significantly differ between the two groups, but with a significant difference for a delay of ≥3 months (0% vs. 36%, <i>p</i> =0.024).Conclusions: Denosumab adherence remained constant but postponed cases significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Better communication by health providers on denosumab adherence and alternative administration may reduce dosing interruptions in similar pandemic situations.
Yoshihiko Ogawa,Masatoshi Sato,Takaya Yamashita,Ryuichi Nakano,Satoshi Mochizuki,Kei Kasahara,Hisakazu Yano,Keiichi Mikasa 대한진단검사의학회 2018 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.38 No.1
Dear Editor, Intraabdominal infections are well-known sources of polymicrobial bacteremia [1, 2]. Anaerobes such as Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium spp. account for 30–50% of these cases [2-4]. However, a significant proportion of anaerobes remain unidentified. Lee et al [5] reported that the conventional identification method correctly identifies anaerobic bacteria only 79.4% to the genus level and 60.1% to the species level. Here, we report a case of polymicrobial bacteremia with three anaerobes in a patient with peritonitis following intestinal perforation. The anaerobes included Butyricimonas virosa and Brachyspira pilosicoli, both of which are difficult to identify by the conventional identification method
Three-Dimensional Characterization of Strong Recirculating Flow by Stereoscopic PIV
Ikeda, Yuji,Palero, Virginia,Sato, Kei,Nakajima, Tsuyoshi The Korean Society of Combustion 2002 한국연소학회지 Vol.7 No.1
Spray characteristics in the swirling flow were investigated by Stereoscopic PIV. Spatial spray structures were measured by PIV as well as PDA in order to understand stable flame stabilization. The feasibility study of Stereoscopic PIV in spray flame was also demonstrated. The size and location of recirculation flow were measured. The stereoscopic PIV could provide 3-D flow fluctuation that cannot be measured by convectional measurement systems.