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Katharine Roque,Kyung-Min Shin,Ji-Hoon Jo,임경동,송은섭,신소정,Ravi Gautam,Jae Hee Lee,김연경,조아랑,김창열,Hyun Ji Kim,Myung Sook Lee,Hyeong-Geu Oh,Byung-Chul Lee,Jung Hee Kim,Hyun Kyu Jeong,김형아,허용,Kwang-Ho Kim 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.3
Indoor animal husbandry environments are inevitably contaminated with endotoxins. Endotoxin exposure is associated with various inflammatory illnesses in animals. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between the degree of endotoxin exposure and the cellular and humoral immune profiles of fattening pigs. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 47 pigs from ten pig farms in Korea. Whole blood cell counts and plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) classes were determined. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A for 48 h, and cytokines released into culture supernatants were measured. The barns in which the pigs lived were assessed for endotoxin levels in the total and respirable dust by using the limulus amebocyte lysate kinetic QCL method. Low and high endotoxin exposures were defined as ≤ 30 and > 30 EU/m3, respectively. Compared to pigs with low endotoxin exposure (n = 19), highly exposed pigs (n = 28) had higher circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte (particularly B cells) counts, IgG and IgE levels, interferon-gamma (IFNg) and interleukin (IL)-4 productions, and lower IgA levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa) production. The IL-4, IFN, and TNFa levels significantly correlated with endotoxin level and/or pig age. Constant exposure of pigs to high levels of airborne endotoxins can lead to aberrant immune profiles.
Tithing in the Bible and its Application
Katharine Y. Cho 한국로고스경영학회 2018 로고스경영연구 Vol.16 No.3
십일조는 많은 찬반 논쟁을 불러일으키는 민감한 연구 주제다. 이 연구의 목적은 구약과 신약 성경에서 십일조를 언급하는 모든 성경의 구절을 분석하여 이 구절들이 현대 교회에서 십일조를 위한 “증거”로 사용될 수 있는지의 여부를 논의하는 것 이다. 십일조의 진정한 의도를 성경적으로 이해하기 위해서는 성경의 구절은 각 단락의 문맥에서 해석되어야 한다. 이와 같은 연구 방법에 의해 본문을 재구성 한 결과, 십일조에 대한 개별 구절 중 일부는 오늘날 문자적으로 적용될 수 없으며, 이에 따라 십일조에 대한 “증거 본문”으로 사용될 수는 없지만, 전체적으로는 십일조가 어떻게 지지되는지 밝히고 있다. 십일조는 하나님과 그의 백성과의 관계를 의미한다. 오늘날 교회는 성경 구절뿐만 아니라 실용적이고 재정적인 이유로 인하여 십일조를 승인 할 의무가 있다. Tithing is a sensitive topic with many arguments for and against. The purpose of this study is to analyze all the Bible passages from the Old and New Testament that mention tithing to discuss whether we should use these passages as “evidence” for tithing in the church today. The Bible passages must be interpreted in the context in which they are found in order for us to understand the real intention of the tithe. After an examination of the texts, it has been found that some of the individual passages on tithing may not be applicable to us today, and thus, cannot be used as “evidence” for tithing, but as a whole, these passages do endorse tithing as it signified a relationship with God and his people. The church today is responsible for endorsing tithing not only due to the Bible passages but for practical financial reasons as well.
Katharine Roque,임경동,송은섭,Ravi Gautam,이재희,김연경,조아랑,신소정,김창열,김형아,허용 계명대학교 자연과학연구소 2016 Quantitative Bio-Science Vol.35 No.2
Hazardous biochemical agents in indoor animal husbandry environments promote the occurrence of various illnesses among husbandry workers and industrial animals. The relationship between endotoxin levels in dust collected from Korean beef cattle farms and markers of bovine cellular immunity was investigated. Peripheral blood was obtained from 25 cattle from five cattle farms in Korea. Endotoxin levels present in total or respirable dust were determined by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Kinetic method. Cytokine production was evaluated following the stimulation of peripheral mononuclear cells with concanavalin A for 72 h in a 5% CO2 incubator. Production of both interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)γ was significantly higher in the high endotoxin exposure group (100.9±70.6 EU/m3) compared with the low endotoxin exposure group (17.7±18.6 EU/m3), with a lower IFNγ/IL-4 ratio in animals from the high endotoxin farms, indicating immunity skewed toward a type-2 response. The proportion of γδ T lymphocyte, important bovine immune cells involved in protection against microbial infection, was lower in cattle from the high endotoxin farms than in those from the low endotoxin farms. The numbers of white blood cells, red blood cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly downregulated in cattle from the high endotoxin farms. Overall, these results suggest a probable negative association between dust endotoxin levels and cell-mediated immunity in Korean beef cattle.
Katharine H. S. Moon 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2004 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.28 No.4
This essay focuses on the politics around the U.S. military in Korea as a way to shed light on three challenges confronting the governments and foreign-policy elites in Seoul and Washington. The political consciousness and demands of local governments and residents in South Korea have become more salient in recent years. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have also taken on a more prominent role in forging and articulating national security and foreign policy issues. These interest groups have challenged and eroded the influence of the old political and bureaucratic establishment. As a result, the future of the alliance depends as much on these forces of democratization as on external threats.
Octogenarian Brain Tumor Registry: Single-Institution Surgical Outcomes and Mortality Study
( Katharine R. Phillips ),( Aristotelis Filippidis ),( Charles E. Mackel ),( Alejandro Enriquez-marulanda ),( Rafael A. Vega ) 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2023 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.11 No.2
Background Surgical intervention for brain tumor patients aged 80 to 89 years is controversial, as the comorbidities and physiology associated with aging are often thought to increase surgical risks. Surgical outcomes, however, are not well characterized for octogenarians. This review therefore assessed the outcomes and mortality risk associated with tumor removal in octogenarians at our academic institution. Methods Retrospective review of patients aged 80 to 89 who underwent craniotomy for tumor resection (CTR) at our institution between 2004-2021 and who were diagnosed with meningioma, glioblastoma, or metastatic disease. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Results Sixty-one CTRs were included in analysis. Median age was 83 (interquartile range 81-85) years, and the most common preoperative comorbidity was hypertension (n=44). Most patients (n=35) had a preoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score between 0-2. Seventeen (27.9%) patients experienced postoperative complications (i.e., urinary tract infection, deep venous thrombosis, etc.), and 26.2% (n=16) experienced new-onset neurologic deficits postoperatively (i.e., aphasia, motor deficits, etc.). Upon discharge, most patients (n=43) had an mRS score of 3-4. Within 30 days of surgery, 14.8% (n=9) of patients were readmitted to the hospital and 8.2% (n=5) of patients died: 2 with meningioma, 1 with glioblastoma, and 2 with metastatic disease. The most common cause of death was intracranial hemorrhage (n=3). Three-month mortality was 23.0% (n=14). Mean survival after surgery was 33 months for meningioma patients, 6.9 months for glioblastoma patients, and 15 months for patients with metastatic lesions. Conclusion Our review found a 30-day mortality rate of 8.2% across all tumor types, and mean survival was similar to that previously reported for patients across all age groups. Surgical intervention for octogenarian tumor patients is therefore feasible, safe, and likely worthwhile for extending and improving lives.
The Institute of the Kinsman Redeemer
Katharine Y. Cho 한국로고스경영학회 2017 로고스경영연구 Vol.15 No.2
구약 성서에서 인용된 기업을 무르는 제도(고엘)에 대한 공통적인 언급은 그리스도의 한 형태였다. 그럼으로, 안정이 어려운 시기에 이스라엘 국민들에게 경제 안정과 평등을 제공하는 수단으로서 기업을 무르는 제도의 속성을 검토해야 한다. 이 논문의 목적은 하나님이 생계를 유지하기 위해 사람이 마지막으로 토지를 저당 잡히거나 종으로 섬기는 경우에 고엘이라는 제도를 설립한 것을 논의하는 것이다. The common reference to the kinsman redeemer (goel) concept in the Old Testament has been as a type of Christ. However, the institution of the kinsman redeemer should be discussed in its own right, as a means of offering economic stability and equality to the people of Israel in difficult times. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the establishment of the institution of the goel by God, in the event one had to mortgage one’s land or sell oneself for service in order to make ends meet. The goel prohibited the people from enslaving themselves or selling their property permanently. The goel was ordained by God as a failsafe to make sure that there was a way to avoid poverty.