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Kim, Min Kook,Kim, Kyu-Bong,Lee, Joo Young,Kwack, Seung Jun,Kwon, Yong Chan,Kang, Ji Soo,Kim, Hyung Sik,Lee, Byung-Mu Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.2
The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT/MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT/MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT/MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT/MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT/MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT/MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was $1.25{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to $0.77512{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for all representative cosmetics and $0.00584{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT/MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT/MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT/MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT/MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate.
( In Jung Kang ),( Jeong Hwee Choi ),( Min Jae Gwak ),( Hee Kyeong Lim ),( Mu Hyoung Lee ),( Min Kyung Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2
Background: Effective penetration of photosensitizer is an essential step in photodynamic therapy (PDT). There have been trials of several methods, including laser treatment, to facilitate prompt and sufficiently deep transdermal drug delivery. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of nonablative fractional laser pretreatment on aminolevulinic acid (ALA) penetration of the skin. Methods: Twelve identical treatment areas of 1 × 1 cm2 on the backs of 10 healthy male subjects were mapped. Each area received laser treatment with a different energy and incubation with ALA for different times. Laser treatment was performed with a 1550 nm fractional erbium glass laser, and the laser energy was set to 20 and 50 mJ with a spot density of 50/cm2. ALA incubation time was set to 30, 60, or 180 min. Porphyrin fluorescence was measured. Results: Nonablative fractional laser-pretreated areas showed significantly increased porphyrin fluorescence compared to non-pretreated areas. Laser energy strength and ALA incubation time were positively correlated with ALA absorption. Conclusion: Nonablative fractional laser treatment effectively enhanced ALA skin penetration. Pretreatment with a nonablative fractional laser can be used for ALA-PDT to achieve higher therapeutic efficacy and shortened ALA incubation times with minimal skin barrier disruption compared to ablative laser.
산소 결핍도 변화에 따른 YBa_2 Cu_3 O_7-y의 열기전력 변화
강원남,김용민,조경철,최무용 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1988 論文集 Vol.39 No.1
To clarify the superconducting mechanism of the high Tc oxide superconductors, we have studied the interactions among electrons and elementary excitations and the electronic energy band structure by measuring the thermoelectric power of YBa_2 Cu_3O_7-y with various oxygen deficiencies. We have found that the major charge carriers in YBa_2Cu_3O_7-y are holes, that the width of the electronic energy band is larger than the intial estimation, and that the interaction between electrons and phnonos in the material is not strong enough to explain the high Tc super conductivity, while we have seen an evidence that there exist strong interactions between electrons and magnetic excitations.
LEE, KANG-MU,KIM, WAN-SEOK,LIM, JEESUN,NAM, SUNYOUNG,YOUN, MIN,NAM, SEONG-WON,KIM, YOUNGHOON,KIM, SAE-HUN,PARK, WOOJUN,PARK, SUNGSU International Association for Food Protection 2009 Journal of food protection Vol.72 No.2
<P>The inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on virulence phenotypes and gene expression regulated by quorum sensing (QS) in Escherichia coli O157:H7 were demonstrated at concentrations of 1 to 100 μg/ml, which are lower than the MIC (539 ± 22 μg/ml). At 25 μg/ml, the growth rate was not affected, but autoinducer 2 concentration, biofilm formation, and swarm motility decreased to 13.2, 11.8, and 50%, respectively. Survival at 5 days of nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) that were fed the pathogen without and with EGCG were 47.1 and 76%, respectively. Real-time PCR data indicated decreased transcriptional level in many quorum sensing-regulated virulence genes at 25 μg/ml. Our results suggest that EGCG at concentrations below its MIC has significant antipathogenic effects against E. coli O157:H7.</P>
배나무 가지발생정보의 데이터맵 구성을 위한 가지 구분과 가지 발생 기본양상
강민규(Min Kyu Kang),이혁진(Hyuk-Jin Lee),김무현(Mu Hyeon Kim),박진영(Jin Young Park),백윤주(Yun-Ju Baek),이경규(Kyung Kyu Lee),위승곤(Seung Gon Wi),김민수(Min-Soo Kim),이상현(Sang-Hyun Lee) 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10
농산업분야에서 노동력 확보는 농업 생산력 유지 및 지속 가능성 측면에서 매우 중요한 과제이다. 그러나 농촌지역의 인구 감소와 급격한 노령화로 인해 농업 노동력의 양적․ 질적 하락을 가져왔다. 더욱이 코로나 19로 인한 국가간의 이동제한 등 농업 노동력의 상당수를 차지해 왔던 외국인 노동자의 규모가 급감하면서 인력 수급에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 농업 노동력 수급의 어려움을 극복하고자 농촌 지역의 협업적 농업 노동체계 및 농작업 기계화․ 생력화 등이 대안으로 거론되고 있다. 과수분야에서도 이러한 변화에 대응하기 위한 농작업 기계화 연구가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 노동력 부하가 강한 전정작업의 기계화를 위해 배나무 가지발생정보를 수집하고 이의 변화를 데이터화 하는 기계화 작업을 위한 사전연구로 수행되고 있다. 배나무 가지발생정보는 농가에서 재배 활용되고 있는 몇 가지 품종, 수령, 수형을 구분하여 조사하였다. 배나무 가지발생정보의 데이터 맵 구성을 위하여 발생위치에 따라 주간과 주지를 구분하고 주지에서 발생된 가지를 결과지로 결과지에서 발생한 가지를 도장지로 하였다. 시험조사구 과수 특성 및 가지발생량은 주간 높이, 주간둘레, 주지둘레, 결과지수, 결과지 직경, 도장지수, 도장지 중량 등을 줄자, 캘리퍼, 계수계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 발생양상에 따라 주지선단부, 결과지 선단신초를 구분하여 조사하였을 때 배나무 전체 가지 발생을 정보화 할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 배나무 가지 발생 기본양상조사에서 배나무 가지 발생은 같은 수령의 ‘추황’배나무가 ‘신화’품종보다 주지와 결과지 신장이 빠르게 이루어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 배나무 가지발생의 대부분을 차지하는 도장지 발생은 30년 이상 수령의 “신고” 배나무에서 결과지의 길이보다는 결과지 굵기와 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타났다.
Min-Su Oh,Sorina Kim,Joon-Hyuck Jang,Jong Yoon Park,Hyun-Sik Kang,Mu Sook Lee,Ki Soo Kang 대한소아소화기영양학회 2016 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.19 No.3
Purpose: To analyze the associations among the degrees of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by ultra-sonography and metabolic syndrome, degrees of obesity in children, and degrees of parental obesity. Methods: A total of 198 children with obesity who visited a pediatric obesity clinic were prospectively enrolled in this study. The severity of NAFLD based on ultrasonography was classified into no, mild, moderate, or severe NAFLD group. The degree of obesity based on the percentage over standard weight for height per sex was classified into mild, moderate, or severe. Results: Of 132 patients evaluated for the degree of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome, the p-value of correlation between the two factors was 0.009. Therefore, metabolic syndrome might significantly affect the degree of NAFLD. Of 158 patients evaluated for the degree of NAFLD and the degree of obesity, the p-value of correlation between the two factors was 0.122. Of 154 patients evaluated for the degree of obesity and father’s obesity, the p-value was 0.076. Of 159 patients evaluated for the degree of obesity and mother’s obesity, the p-value was 0.000, indicating that mother’s obesity could significantly affect the degree of obesity in children. Of 142 patients evaluated for the degree of obesity and metabolic syndrome, the p-value was 0.288. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome might significantly affect the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver in children. In addition, mother’s obesity might be a significant factor that affects the degree of obesity in children.
Kang, Min-Koo,Cho, Hohyun,Park, Han-Mu,Jun, Sung Chan,Yoon, Kuk-Jin Elsevier 2017 Applied ergonomics Vol.62 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) video technology have extended the range of our experience while providing various 3D applications to our everyday life. Nevertheless, the so-called visual discomfort (VD) problem inevitably degrades the quality of experience in stereoscopic 3D (S3D) displays. Meanwhile, electroencephalography (EEG) has been regarded as one of the most promising brain imaging modalities in the field of cognitive neuroscience. In an effort to facilitate comfort with S3D displays, we propose a new wellness platform using EEG. We first reveal features in EEG signals that are applicable to practical S3D video systems as an index for VD perception. We then develop a framework that can automatically determine severe perception of VD based on the EEG features during S3D video viewing by capitalizing on machine-learning-based braincomputer interface technology. The proposed platform can cooperate with advanced S3D video systems whose stereo baseline is adjustable. Thus, the optimal S3D content can be reconstructed according to a viewer's sensation of VD. Applications of the proposed platform to various S3D industries are suggested, and further technical challenges are discussed for follow-up research.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A new concept of wellness platform leading to comfort stereoscopic 3D video is proposed. </LI> <LI> The platform exploits the current EEG-based visual discomfort evaluation techniques. </LI> <LI> Technical challenges of the previous method are mainly overcome for practical use. </LI> <LI> Despite very natural viewing environment, distinct EEG components are elicited. </LI> <LI> Visual discomfort detector automatically provides feedback with 80% accuracy. </LI> </UL> </P>