The Concept for A Standalone Lordotic Endoscopic Wedge Lumbar Interbody Fusion: The LEW-LIF

Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski,Nicholas A. Ransom,Jorge Felipe Ramírez León,Anthony Yeung 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.1

Objective: To review concepts of a standalone endoscopically assisted lumbar interbody fusion as a simplified method to treat spinal instability. Methods: MacNab outcomes and complications were analyzed in a series of 48 consecutive patients who underwent standalone lordotic endoscopic wedge lumbar interbody fusion (LEW-LIF) for advanced lumbar disc degeneration, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis. Results: Forty-two of the 48 patients (77.8%) did well with excellent and good outcomes with a follow up of up to 20 months. Fair outcomes were reported by 4, and poor by another 2 patients, respectively. Six patients had endoscopic decompression procedures at another level. Four patients underwent open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion revision surgery including the index level between 2 to 6 months postoperatively. An L5 vertebral body fracture was noted in 1 of these 4 patients. Another patient underwent removal of the extruded L3/4 cage. The cage fractured in one additional asymptomatic patient not requiring any intervention. No patient had a wound infection, or permanent sensory, or motor dysfunction. However, 29 patients developed a postoperative irritation of the dorsal root ganglion with burning leg pain typically between postoperative weeks 2 and 6. Symptoms were treated with activity modification, gabapentin, and transforaminal epidural steroid injections in 12 patients (25%). Conclusion: Standalone LEW-LIF was associated with favorable clinical outcomes in the majority of patients. Patient-related predictors of less favorable outcomes considering normal variations as well as patho-anatomy may aid in the development of next-generation implants.

Preparation of 2D/2D g-C3N4/Ti3C2 MXene composites by calcination synthesis method for visible light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

Qiao Le-Le,Zhang Feng-Jun,Kai Chun-Mei,Liu Chao,Wang Ying-Rui,Oh Won-Chun 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.5

In this work, an ultrathin 2D/2D g-C3N4/Ti3C2 heterojunction was synthesized by direct calcination of a mixture of urea and multilayer Ti3C2 for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline. Among them, urea is the precursor for the generation of g-C3N4 and generates gas to peel the multilayer Ti3C2 into fewer layers while reacting, solving the problem of low yield for the preparation of fewer layers of Ti3C2. The experimental results of tetracycline degradation under visible light showed that pure g-C3N4 (UCN) exhibited weak photoactivity; however, its photocatalytic performance was enhanced when Ti3C2 was coupled with g-C3N4. The best sample (5TC) could degrade 90.1% of tetracycline within 30 min. After four cycles of stability test, the photocatalytic performance did not change significantly, indicating that the prepared 2D/2D g-C3N4/Ti3C2 heterojunction possesses strong photocatalytic performance along with good stability.

Ion-Transporting Channel-Embedded MOF-in-COF Structure as Composite Quasi Solid Electrolytes with Highly Enhanced Electrochemical Properties

( Loo Kai Le ),유필진 한국공업화학회 2023 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2023 No.1

The Extended S-O-R Model Investigating Consumer Impulse Buying Behavior in Online Shopping: A Meta-Analysis

LE, Trang Quang,WU, Wann-Yih,LIAO, Ying-Kai,PHUNG, Thuy Thi Thu Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: The online distribution channel has attracted the attention of retailers by potential impact on consumers' purchase intention. The objectives of this study are to provide an insight into how to encourage consumers' impulse buying behavior on commercial website as well as attempts to reveal factors that influence consumers' impulsive buying behavior in the online shopping environment. Research design, data and methodology: The research framework is based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework. The Meta-analysis method carried out the research, gathering data from 37 published studies. Results: The research findings suggest that intrinsic motivations such as perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and online flow experience play a significant role in boosting consumers' hedonic value when buying and online. In addition, these findings help online retailers use appropriate marketing stimuli such as offering pricing incentives, promotion tactics, and improved communication effectiveness. Also, obtaining a better grasp of how to build a website to improve the consumer experience generally helps consumers feel the urge to buy impulsively and act without hesitation. Conclusions: This research confirms a direct positive relationship between marketing stimuli and hedonic shopping value, which may support an applied theoretical framework for future research and provide managerial implications for retailers in online distribution channels.

IMU-based Online Kinematic Model Parameter Estimation for Four-Wheeled Skid-Steering Mobile Robot Desired Motion Tracking on Different Terrains

Kai Li,Le Bao,Changsoo Han,Kyoosik Shin,Wansoo Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

This work presents an online adaptive tracking control for a 4-wheel skid-steering mobile robot (SSMR). The objective is to develop an online kinematic model parameter estimation for an equivalent differential drive kinematic model, enabling motion control on the various terrains’ conditions. Combined with an equivalent differential drive kinematic model, the angular velocity of robot motion analyzed by the inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor is used as the observation quantity, and the steering efficiency parameters in the kinematic model are automatically adjusted by a proportional derivative (PD) controller to improve the desired motion tracking control performance for the robot in the face of different terrains. The execution of tracking control is achieved by the SSMR with torque-adjusted 4-wheel independent velocity control. The proposed strategy is validated experimentally, where the SSMR performs the desired motion tracking in 10 sets with four types of terrains with different levels of flatness. The results demonstrate the high otential in overground navigation settings, due to its fast adaptation and motion following capacity.

N-isopropyl acrylamide/sodium acrylate hydrogel as draw agent for forward osmosis to concentrate esterification wastewater

Yan Le,Yanbin Yun,왕만상,Wenli Liu,Shuangshuang Dong,Kai Yang,Syed Taj Ud Din,Woochul Yang,Guicheng Liu 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.5

In recent years, a temperature-sensitive hydrogel was reported as a promising draw agent in forward osmosis (FO) technology. PEG, acts as porogen, as an enabler to improve the swelling property of hydrogels. From FO test, the addition of porogen to the hydrogel can improve the water flux of FO by increasing the swelling properties of the hydrogel. And the hydrogel modified with porogen improves the concentration efficiency of wastewater from 1.09 to 1.124 times, indicating that the modification of the hydrogel by the porogen has positive significance for FO technology. In this study, an advanced hydrogel was synthesized via physical copolymerization by using N-isopropylacrylamide and sodium acrylate. The internal structure was investigated by SEM test where it was found that that porogens have different mechanisms of action on hydrogel performance: Porogen affects the swelling property of hydrogel by changing the internal network structure through physical “occupation”. The effect of porogen concentration is to act on the porosity of hydrogel, while the main effect of the molecular weight of porogen on the hydrogel structure is by altering the pore size.

Protective effect Malus pumila Mill leaf polyphenols in reserpineinduced gastric ulcer in mice

Jia-Le Song,Kai Zhu,Xia Feng,Xin Zhao 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

The protective effect of polyphenols from Malus pumila leaf (MALP) on reserpine (10 mg/kg)- induced gastric ulcer in Kunming (KM) mice was investigated. Gastric juice secretion, pH of gastric juice, serum neuropeptides, including motilin (MOT), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and somatostatin (SS) levels, as well as serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-c) were measured. Gastric occludin and p38MAPK phosphorylation was analyzed by RT-PCR or Western blotting. MALP reduced reserpineinduced gastric juice secretion and increased the pH of gastric juice. MALP increased the serum levels of VIP and SS and reduced MOT, SP, and inflammatory cytokines in serum. It also modulated the gastric expression of occludin and p38MAPK phosphorylation in mice. These results suggest that MALP showed a protective effect against reserpine-induced ulcer in mice by reducing gastric juice secretion, modulating serum neuropeptide levels, attenuating serum inflammatory cytokines, and regulating gastric levels of occludin and p38MAPK phosphorylation.

Protective effect Malus pumila Mill leaf polyphenols in reserpine-induced gastric ulcer in mice

Song, Jia-Le,Zhu, Kai,Feng, Xia,Zhao, Xin The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

The protective effect of polyphenols from Malus pumila leaf (MALP) on reserpine (10 mg/kg)-induced gastric ulcer in Kunming (KM) mice was investigated. Gastric juice secretion, pH of gastric juice, serum neuropeptides, including motilin (MOT), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and somatostatin (SS) levels, as well as serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-${\gamma}$) were measured. Gastric occludin and p38MAPK phosphorylation was analyzed by RT-PCR or Western blotting. MALP reduced reserpine-induced gastric juice secretion and increased the pH of gastric juice. MALP increased the serum levels of VIP and SS and reduced MOT, SP, and inflammatory cytokines in serum. It also modulated the gastric expression of occludin and p38MAPK phosphorylation in mice. These results suggest that MALP showed a protective effect against reserpine-induced ulcer in mice by reducing gastric juice secretion, modulating serum neuropeptide levels, attenuating serum inflammatory cytokines, and regulating gastric levels of occludin and p38MAPK phosphorylation.

The Significantly Enhanced Mechanical and Tribological Performances of the Dual Plasma Nitrided and PVD Coated Ti6Al4V Alloy

Jiaqiang Yang,Kai Le,Hui Chen,Xu Zhao,Xiaodong Xie,Yong Luo,Shusheng Xu,Weiming Liu 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.4

In this work, plasma pre-nitriding technique has been employed to enhance the bearing capacity for the TiN coating deposited on Ti6Al4V alloy by magnetron sputtering. The composition, morphology and mechanical property of the as-prepared samples were studied by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Vickers micro-hardness tester and nanoindentater. The tribological properties are investigated using a rotary tribometer under dry sliding and oil lubrication, and the mechanism was also discussed in details. The results show that the plasma nitriding treatment produced a nitrided layer with thickness of 85 μm on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy, which significantly enhanced the mechanical properties. Therefore, the as-prepared TiN coated sample with plasma pre-nitriding treatment exhibit more excellent mechanical properties possessing the maximum hardness values (26 GPa) and exceptional load bearing capacity (74 N) compared to single TiN-coated Ti6Al4V. Moreover, the tribological properties of sample with plasma pre-nitriding treatment was also significantly improved, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of the superior bearing performance of nitriding layer and the high hardness of TiN coating. Additionally, wear mechanisms were discussed in terms of wear track morphology after sliding test.

The Extended S-O-R Model Investigating Consumer Impulse Buying Behavior in Online Shopping: A Meta-Analysis

Trang Quang LE,Wann-Yih WU,Ying-Kai LIAO,Thuy Thi Thu PHUNG 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: The online distribution channel has attracted the attention of retailers by potential impact on consumers’ purchase intention. The objectives of this study are to provide an insight into how to encourage consumers impulse buying behavior on commercial website as well as attempts to reveal factors that influence consumers impulsive buying behavior in the online shopping environment. Research design, data and methodology: The research framework is based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework. The Metaanalysis method carried out the research, gathering data from 37 published studies. Results: The research findings suggest that intrinsic motivations such as perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and online flow experience play a significant role in boosting consumers hedonic value when buying and online. In addition, these findings help online retailers use appropriate marketing stimuli such as offering pricing incentives, promotion tactics, and improved communication effectiveness. Also, obtaining a better grasp of how to build a website to improve the consumer experience generally helps consumers feel the urge to buy impulsively and act without hesitation. Conclusions: This research confirms a direct positive relationship between marketing stimuli and hedonic shopping value, which may support an applied theoretical framework for future research and provide managerial implications for retailers in online distribution channels.