Measurements of surgeons’ exposure to ionizing radiation dose: comparison of conventional and mini C-arm fluoroscopy

Sung, K. H.,Min, E.,Chung, C. Y.,Jo, B. C.,Park, M. S.,Lee, K. SAGE Publications 2016 The journal of hand surgery. journal of the Britis Vol.41 No.3

<P>This study was performed to measure the equivalent scattered radiation dose delivered to susceptible organs while simulating orthopaedic surgery using conventional and mini C-arm fluoroscopy. In addition, shielding effects on the thyroid, thymus, and gonad, and the direct exposure delivered to the patient's hands were also compared. A conventional and mini C-arms were installed in an operating room, and a hand and an operator phantom were used to simulate a patient's hand and a surgeon. Photoluminescence dosimeters were used to measure the equivalent dose by scattered radiation arriving at the thyroid, thymus, and gonad on a whole-body phantom in the position of the surgeon. Equivalent scattered radiation doses were measured in four groups: (1) unshielded conventional C-arm group; (2) unshielded mini C-arm group; (3) lead-shielded conventional C-arm group; and (4) lead-shielded mini C-arm group. Equivalent scattered radiation doses to the unshielded group were significantly lower in the mini C-arm group than those in the conventional C-arm group for all organs. The gonad in the lead-shielded conventional C-arm group showed the highest equivalent dose among operator-susceptible organs, and radiation dose was reduced by approximately 96% compared with that in the unshielded group. Scattered radiation was not detected in any susceptible organ in the lead-shielded mini C-arm group. The direct radiation dose to the hand phantom measured from the mini C-arm was significantly lower than that measured from the conventional C-arm. The results show that the equivalent scattered radiation dose to the surgeon's susceptible organs and the direct radiation dose to a patient's hand can be decreased significantly by using a mini C-arm rather than a conventional C-arm. However, protective lead garments, such as a thyroid shield and apron, should be applied to minimize radiation exposure to susceptible organs, even during use of mini C-arm fluoroscopy.</P>

옥수수와 보리의 가공처리 방법에 따른 젖소의 소화관내 분해도 측정 (1) 옥수수와 보리의 물리적 처리별 반추위 (反芻胃) 분해도

이상철(S . C . Lee),문여황(Y . H . Moon),김병기(B . K . Kim),정연후(Y . H . Chung) 한국영양사료학회 1994 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

한국인 혈액상의 정상치에 관한 연구 : 제1보 백혈구상에 관하여 1. Leukocyte Picture

김순호,이희우,정차근 부산의대 1968 부산의대잡지 - 부산대학교 의과대학 Vol.8 No.1

아마씨의 급여가 착유우의 영양소 소화율 , 유생산성 및 유지방내 지방산조성에 미치는 영향

정태영(T . Y . Chung),송만강(M . K . Song),문철성(C . S . Moon),김종민(C . M . Kim),김동일(D . I . Kim),심정석(J . S . Sim) 한국영양사료학회 1996 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.20 No.5

농후사료 급여수준이 비거세 한우의 증체와 부위별 지방조직의 지방산 조성에 미치는 효과

송만강,김내수,정정수,최양일,원유석,정재경,최성호 ( M . K . Song,N . S . Kim,C . S . Chung,Y . I . Choi,Y . S . Won,J . K . Chung,S . H . Choi ) 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.5

The study was conducted with 63 Hanwoo bull calves of 193 days old for 19 months(up to 26 month of age) to examine the effect of feeding level of concentrate on the body weight gain, feed requirements and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of various locations(subcutaneous, abdominal, kidney, intermuscular and intramuscular fats). The calves were allotted into 3 treatments according to the feeding level of concentrate(85, 100 and 115%), and fed concentrates of Grower(7∼10 month of age), Finisher I(11∼16 month of age), Finisher II (17∼20 month of age) and Finisher III(21∼26 month of age). The feeding levels of concentrates for the cattle of 85% and 115% were decreased or increased by 15%, respectively, up to 15 month of age based on the similar body weight to the cattle of 100%. The feeding levels of the concentrates for the cattle of 85% and 100% were continuously increased for the next 2 months, to make same levels as for the cattle of I15%, thereafter amount of concentrate were continuously increased based on the rate of body gain for all the cattle. The cattle were fed in a individual feeding system through the experimental period. The cattle were slaughtered at the ages of 6, 14, 18 and 24 month and adipose tissues were collected to analyze long chain fatty acids. Results observed from the study were summarized as follows Overall mean dry matter intake and body gain per day and feed requirements of Hanwoo bulls during the 19 months of feeding from 193 day old calves were 6.69㎏, 0.95㎏ and 7.06, respectively. Body gain of the Hanwoo bulls during experimental period was greatly affected by the feeding level of concentrate, but feed requirement was improved up to 20 month of age with the decreased feeding level of concentrate. Fatty acids of C_(16:0) C_(18:0) and C_(18:1) in the adipose tissues at various locations of Hanwoo bulls were dominated. The feeding level of concentrate did not affect the fatty acid composition except for C_(16:1) and C_(18:1) in subcutaneous fat, and C_(18:1) and C_(18:2) in intramuscular fat of the cattle that were fed at the level of 85% at the age of 14 month(P$lt;.05). No differences were observed in fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of each location for the cattle of 18 and 24 month of age among treatments. There were tendencies of greater C_(16:1) and C_(18:1) in subcutaneous and intramuscular fats while higher C_(18:0) in abdominal fat. There were also trends of greater unsaturated fatty acid compositions in subcutaneous and intramuscular fats and higher saturated fatty acids in abdominal, kidney and intermuscular fats. Percent C_(18:0) tended to be decreased while C_(16:1) C_(18:1) and C_(18:2) increased with the age of Hanwoo bulls.

忠南地域 自生春蘭의 分布와 氣象要素

鄭吉雄,李武鉉,金榮七,朴奉圭 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1994 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

忠南地域에 自生하고 있는 春蘭의 各 地域別 分布를 調査하고 氣象環境 중 自生春蘭에 影響을 주는 要因을 分析, 檢討하여 얻은 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 自生春蘭의 分布가 많은 地域은 安眠島를 中心으로 하여 保寧, 泰安, 瑞山, 洪城地域 順이었고, 內陸地域인 靑陽, 禮山地域도 比較的 分布가 많았으며 점차 그 分布가 擴大되고 있는 傾向이었다. 2. 春蘭 自生에 가장 크게 影響을 주는 氣象要素인 1월 중순 最低平均氣溫은 海岸地域인 瑞山과 大川이 各各 -6.8℃, -6.6℃로 內陸地域인 錦山, 儒城의 -8.8℃, -9.6℃보다 높게 나타났고, -8℃以下의 異積日數는 瑞山, 大川이 1∼2일인데 비하여 錦山, 儒城은 30日 以上이 었으며, 春蘭自生의 限界溫度는 -8℃ 程度로 推定된다. 3. 平均 風速은 瑞山이 2.28m/s로 錦山 1.34m/s보다 빠르게 나타났다. 4. 氣象要素중 最低溫度은 平均 및 最高氣溫, 相對濕度, 蒸氣壓, 구름量, 降水量, 蒸發量 등에 正의 相關關係가 있었고, 日較差와는 負의 相關關係를 나타냈다. 5. 自生春蘭의 分布程度가 많은 地域은 保寧, 泰安, 瑞山, 洪城, 舒川 順이었고, 內陸地域인 錦山, 燕崎, 論山地域은 거의 分布하지 않았다. 6. 各 地域別로 自生春蘭의 分布程度는 忠南地域 緯度와의 相關關係는 認定할 수 없었으나, 經度와는 -0.329**(n=172, p<0.01)로 負의 相關關係를 나타내었다 These studies were carried out to investigate the distribution of wild Cymbidium virescens Lindl in Chung-nam, Korea, and to analyse the meteorological elements among locations where have local meteorological observatory. Well-adapted areas of C. virescens were Anmyun island, Poryeong, Taean, Seosan, Hongseong in the west sea area. In the location with mountainous area, adapted areas of C. virescens were Cheongyang, Yesan and its distributions much more increased. Minimum air temperature of mid-January, an important meteorological element of limitation factor on habitat of C. virescens, were higher Seosan and Taechun observed -6.8℃, -6.6℃ respectively than Keumsan and Yuseong observed -8.8℃, -9.6℃repectively. Sum of days below -8℃ were calculated 1 to 2 days at Secosan and Tachun, and were calculated more 30 days at Keumsan and Yuseong. Limited minimum air temperature of mid-January on habitat of C. virescens were predicted -8℃. Average wind speed was more fast Seosan observed 2.28m/s than Keumsan observed 1.34m/s. Minimum air temperature was signification of positive correlation coefficient among average and maximum air temperature, relative humidity, vapour pressure, cloud cover, precipitation, evaporation, but negative correlation coefficient about diurnal change. The locations of densely habitat degree were observed Poryeong, Taean, Seosan Hongseong and Seochun located in the west sea areas. Keumsan, Yeongi and Nonsan located in the mounatainous areas were not or nearly habitat of C. virescens. The latitudinal habitat degree of C. virescens was very signification of correlation coefficient calculated -0.329**(n=172, p < 0.01) but the longitudinal habitat degree was not signification of correlation coefficient.

Diamond 박막 성장에 미치는 Si 표면 영향의 AES에 의한 연구

이철로(C. R. Lee),신용현(Y. H. Shin),임재영(J. Y. Leem),정광화(K. H. Chung),천병선(B. S. Chun) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1993 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.2 No.2

Si 기판 표면상태 변화와 관련된 핵생성 자유에너지 증가에 따른 다이아몬드 박막성장 거동을 관찰하였다. 표면 연마조건 변화에 따른 3가지 기판(A-Si, B-Si, C-Si) 위에 동일한 성장조건으로 다이아몬드를 성장하였으며, 이때 형상인자와 관련된 자유에너지 관계는 ΔG_(A-Si)<ΔG_(B-Si)<ΔG_(C-Si)이다. AES, SEM, XRD, RHEED에 의해 각각의 박막 A, B, C를 조사한 결과, 핵생성 자유에너지가 가장 적은 A 박막은 (100) (110) 면이 지배적인 고품위 다이아몬드 박막이다. 자유에너지가 A에 비해 다소 적은 B 박막은 (111) 면이 지배적인 8면체 다이아몬드 박막이고, 자유에너지가 가장 적은 C 박막은 흑연이 많이 함유된 구상의 다이아몬드이다. The effect of nucleation free energy related to Si surface states on diamond film growth behavior has been studied. At first, the three kinds of diamond thin films (A, B, C) were deposited on various Si substrates (A-Si, B-Si, C-Si) whose surfaces were polished with 1 ㎛ diamond paste, 6 ㎛ Al₂O₃ powder and 12 ㎛ Al₂O₃ powder respectively. And then, relative nucleation free energy calculated is ΔG_(A-Si)<ΔG_(B-Si)<ΔG_(c-Si) Although there are some difference in grain size, shape and nucleation site, the thin films on A-Si and B-Si were diamond including a small amount of DLC which was confirmed by AES, SEM, XRD and RHEED. Namely, the diamonds of films (B) were not nucleated in scratches but in dents and larger in grain size compare with the film (C) of which diamond were nucleated not only scratches but also dents. And, the sphere diamond which is not general shape was grown on C-Si. After all, the sphere was turned out to be the diamond including much graphite as a result of the AES in situ depth profiling. Consequently, the diamond shape and quality grown on Si were changed from the crystal which the (100) and (110) planes were predominent to the crystal in which (111) plane was predominent, and next to sphere shape diamond including much graphite according as the nucleation free energy increases.

한우 c-fos 유전자의 염기서열 및 발현분석

유성란,정행진,정기철,이준헌,조규완,최재관,나기준,상병찬 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.6

Cellular FOS(c-fos) protein is a transcription factor that forms heterodimers mostly with c-jun family and stimulates the transcription of genes containing AP-1 regulatory elements. This c-fos expression can control growth and differentiation of various precursor cells including myoblasts. The controls by c-fos gene have been identified for affecting skeletal muscle fiber traits which are the key determinants of meat quality in pigs. As a first step for identifying the relationship between c-fos gene and meat quality traits in cattle, we fully sequenced 1,443 bp of Hanwoo c-fos mRNA and analyzed expression patterns from various organs and muscle tissues. The sequence identities of Hanwoo c-fos with that of human, pig and mouse showed 89.8%, 93.3% and rib muscle from 7 organs and 9 different parts of muscles investigated. These results presented here can be used as a valuable marker for meat quality related traits in cattle with further verification.

In situ synthesis of chemically bonded NaTi2(PO4)3/rGO 2D nanocomposite for high-rate sodium-ion batteries

Roh, H. K.,Kim, H. K.,Kim, M. S.,Kim, D. H.,Chung, K. Y.,Roh, K. C.,Kim, K. B. SPRINGER SCIENCE + BUSINESS MEDIA 2016 NANO RESEARCH Vol.9 No.6

<P>A phase-pure NaTi2(PO4)(3)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite was prepared using a microwave-assisted one-pot method and subsequent heat treatment. The well-crystallized NaTi2(PO4)(3) nanoparticles (30-40 nm) were uniformly precipitated on rGO templates through Ti-O-C bonds. The chemical interactions between the NaTi2(PO4)(3) nanoparticles and rGO could immobilize the NaTi2(PO4)(3) nanoparticles on the rGO sheets, which might be responsible for the excellent electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite. The NaTi2(PO4)(3)/rGO nanocomposite exhibited a specific capacity of 128.6 mA center dot h center dot g(-1) approaching the theoretical value at a 0.1 C-rate with an excellent rate capability (72.9% capacity retention at 50 C-rate) and cycling performance (only 4.5% capacity loss after 1,000 cycles at a high rate of 10 C). These properties were maintained even when the electrodes were prepared without the use of an additional conducting agent. The excellent sodium storage properties of the NaTi2(PO4)(3)/rGO nanocomposite could be attributed to the nano-sized NaTi2(PO4)(3) particles, which significantly reduced the transport lengths for Na+ ions, and an intimate contact between the NaTi2(PO4)(3) particles and rGO due to chemical bonding.</P>

2, 4-Thiazolidindion Induced Plasticity of Myoblast (C2C12) and Satellite Cells (Porcine) - A Comparative Study

Singh, N.K.,Chae, H.S.,Hwang, I.H.,Yoo, Y.M.,Ahn, C.N.,Lee, H.J.,Park, H.J.,Chung, H.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.7

This study was conducted to determine the difference between satellite cells (porcine) and myoblasts (C2C12) in their differentiation under the influence of 2, 4-thiazolidindion. C2C12 myoblast cells and porcine satellite cells (isolated from 10 d old $Landrace{\times}Duroc$ piglets) were grown to absolute confluency. Post confluent cells (day 0) were further exposed to adipogenic induction medium along with 2, 4-thiazolidindion ($8{\mu}M$) for 2 d. Thereafter, cells were exposed to 2, 4-thiazolidindion alone every 2 d till day 10 and analysed. The control was cultured in differentiation medium without any treatment. Increased (p<0.05) expression of transcriptional factors i.e. C/EBP-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ and transition of cells to adipocyte morphology was noticed from 2 d and 4 d onwards in satellite cells (Porcine) and myoblasts (C2C12) respectively. Myogenesis was observed to be suppressed completely in case of satellite cells compared to myoblasts in response to 2, 4-thiazolidindion. Pax-7 (transcriptional factor) appeared as a sole entity to satellite cells only, as it was not identified in case of myoblasts. Although both the cells were converting to adipoblasts, the degree of their conversion was different in response to 2, 4-thiazolidindion. Therefore, the hypothesis that satellite cells contribute various domains to the growing myoblasts appeared obscured and found to be dependent on the proliferative energy/or degree of fusion. However, it revealed satellite cells as currency to myoblasts/muscle.