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홀스타인 수소 육성비육시 사육장소 증체량 및 사료효율에 미치는 영향
정연후,강우성,정천용,김강식,강수원 ( Y . H . Chung,W . S . Kang,C . Y . Chung,K . S . Kim,S . W . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.4
This experiment was carried out to investigate the possibility of outdoor feeding in fattening of Holstein young bull. Ten four-month young bulls were divided into two comparable groups, indoor and outdoor feeding system. The results obtained for 420-day feeding trial are as follows; 1. Daily weight gains of indoor and outdoor feeding group were 1.04 and 1.13kg, respectively. The average daily weight gains from in fall to in spring was higher at the outdoor than at the indoor feeding system. 2. The maximum daily weight gain of indoor and outdoor feeding system was obtained at 369 and 372 days of age, respectively, and daily weight gain at that time was 1.32 and 1.44kg, respectively. 3. Total feed intake was higher at the outdoor than at the indoor feeding system and that in all seasons except in fall was slightly higher at the outdoor than at the indoor feeding system. 4. Feed efficiency per kg-weight gain was decreased by passing the fattening period and that according to feeding sites was slightly better at the outdoor than at the indoor feeding system but there was not significantly different.
한우 육성빈우 (育成牝牛) 의 에너지와 단백질요구량 추정 1 . 대사시험에 의한 한우 육성빈우의 에너지와 단백질 요구량 결정
정연후(Y . H . Chung),이상철(S . C . Lee),강수원(S . W . Kang),정정수(C . S . Chung),정천용(C . Y . Chung) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.5
Metabolism trial was carried out to estimate the energy and protein requirements for Korean native heifers. Nine heifer calves weighing about 150㎏ were randomly assigned into three target daily gains (0.2㎏, T₁; 0.6㎏, T₂; 0.8㎏, T₃) with interval of BW 50㎏ through BW 350㎏, aiming to estimate the energy and protein requirements. The amount of nutrient to be fed was based on NRC requirements (1984), and the ration consisted of hay, rice straw and grass silage as roughage source, and concentrate mixture. Average daily gains across body weight classes were 0.30(T₁), 0.62(T₂) and 0.67㎏(T₃), respectively. Except for crude fiber, digestibilities and nutritive values of experimental ration were increased with the increase of daily gain. As expected, nitrogen intake was significantly(P$lt;0.05) increased with the increase of daily gain, but there were no differences in digestible nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention between T₂ and T₃ group. Based on pooled data of body weight classes, nitrogen(N) and digestible nitrogen(DN) requirements were estimated as follows; N requirement(g/W^0.75/day) = 0.98+1.25DG-0.44DG² (R²=0.42**), DN requirement(g/W^0.75/day) = 0.40+1.19DG-0.24DG² (R²=0.49**) Metabolizable energy intake, heat production and energy retention tended to increase with the increase of daily gains, not with body weight, although there was no difference between T₂ and T₃ group. Energy losses expressed as % of gross energy(GE) intake was higest from feces(42.8%), followed by heat production(42.3%), and lowest from urine(2.0%). Total digestible nutrient(TDN), DE and ME requirements were as follows; TDN requirement(g/W^0.75/day) = 28.13+60.40DG-14.03DG² (R²=0.48**), DE requirement(㎉/W^0.75/day) = 134.34+ 220.59DG-71.90DG² (R²=0.54**), ME requirement(㎉/W^0.75/day) = 116.98+171.32DG-35.73DG²(R²=0.54**). Total digestible nutrient, DE and ME requirements for maintenance were 28.13g, 134.3㎉ and 116.98 ㎉/W^0.75/day, respectively. The estimated NEm requirement from the relationship between ME intake and heat production was 76.5㎉/W^0.75/day.
한우 번식우의 월동기 야외사육에 관한 연구 3 . 월동기 사육환경과 영양수준이 육성빈우의 체중변화 및 번식능력에 미치는 영향
강수원(S . W . Kang),정연후(Y . H . Chung),이병석(B . S . Lee),손용석(Y . S . Son),정천용(C . Y . Chung) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.10
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of wintering sites and nutritional levels on the live-weight gains and reproductive performances of Korean Native Growing Heifers during winter season. Thirty six heads of growing heifers were kept at three different wintering sites (housed, outside and woody land) and nutritional levels (100, 125 and 150% of NRC recommendation) for 120 days from Dec. 3, 1984 to Apr. 2, 1985 in Alpine Experiment Station, Daegwallyoung, Korea. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. When the growing heifers were wintered at three different wintering sites with three nutritional levels, the live weight of the housed group was more slightly increased than those of others, although, there were not significantly different among them. However, in three nutritional levels, the live weight of the growing heifers fed at 150% level of NRC was significantly higher (P 〈0.01) than that fed at 100% level, but there were not significant differences between 100% and 125%, and between 125% and 150%. 2. Effects of the high nutritional levels on the live weight gain during winter season were not prolonged until the time of ad libitum by grazing, and the live weight gain that was not sufficient at low nutritional level was much more compensated than the high nutritional level during the grazing season. For all three wintering sites, the live weight gains from starting the winter feeding to grazing season were tend to be the same. 3. In the nutrients of feeds in growing heifers, CP efficiency was higher in the housed group and the 100% level than the others, and TDN efficiency was higher in the housed group and the 125% level. Upon this, the live weight gain effect was higher in TDN than CP during winter season. 4. During the winter season, the reasonable feeding level for the growing heifers in the housed feeding was cleared to 107% level of NRC requirement, and the out door feeding was cleared to 120% level of NRC requirement. 5. In reproductive performances, average age and weight at first estrus and estrus cycle of thirty six growing heifers were 13.8 months, 227.3 kg and 21.9 days, respectively, and there were not significantly different among the wintering sites and the nutritional levels.
한우 포유모우의 산유량 및 유성분에 관한 연구 3 . 한우유의 이화학적 특성 및 성분에 관한 연구
강수원,정연후,손용석 ( S . W . Kang,Y . H . Chung,Y . S . Son ) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.2
From 102 heads of Korean Native Cows, the milk of 620 samples were collected bi-weekly during post-partum 6 months, and analyzed for measuring physico-chemical properties and some components. The results obtained are summarized as follows; l. Average specific gravity, pH and acidity of total milk samples was 1.035, 6.68 and 0.215, respectively. 2. The ratio of average butter fat, protein, lactose, ash and total solids of total milk samples was 4.69, 4.10, 4.23, 0.85 and 13.86%, respectively. 3. Specific gravity, pH and acidity of the milk produced within 180 days tended to be higher in late days than in early days of lactation. 4. The ratio of butter fat, protein and total solids of the milk increased with proceeding lactation, whereas ash-ratio stayed relatively unchanged and lactose-ratio declined, and negative correlations were observed between the milk yield and the components. 5. Gross energy content of each kilogram milk calculated from the chemical composition during the period of 180 days was 801, 790, 795, 816, 850 and 896 Kcal for l, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 month, respectively, averaging 825 Kcal.
한우 포유모우의 산유량 및 유성분에 관한 연구 2 . 포유모우의 산유량에 관한 연구
강수원,정연후,손용석 ( S . W . Kang,Y . H . Chung,Y . S . Son ) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.1
This experiment was carried out to investigate dam`s milk secretion potential as well as the individual factors affecting the milk yield in nursing Korean native cows. The milk yield of each cow was measured by the newly developed milking procedure in which a portable vacumn-operated bucket milker was used at two quarters of each cow`s udder while the calf was simultaneously suckling at the other two teats. One hundred and two nursing cow-calf pairs were examined for 5 years from Feb. 1985 to Oct. 1989. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The average daily and total milk yield of dams for 180 days was 3.49 and 627.5kg, respectively. although great individual difference in daily milk production existed ranging from 6.20 to 1.60kg. 2. The average daily milk yield measured at 30 day intervals from 1 to 6 months after parturition was 4.73, 4.34, 3.70, 3.21, 2.73 and 2.20kg, respectively. 3. Maximum point of the average daily milk yield was within the 10th day after parturition, thereafter milk production was linearly decreased by 0.017kg per day through remaining lactation period. 4. Dam`s parity, age and body weight immediately after parturition had a quadratic effect on milk yield reaching its maximum at 5.5th parity, 1 t years old and 467.5kg, respectively. 5. When the body measurements of dam and milk yield was correlated right after calving, higher milk yield was obtained with increasing body-length, withers-height, chest-depth and rump-length. The highest amount of milk was produced when the ratio of withers-height to the body weight was about 4 to 1.
한우 포유모우의 산유량 및 유성분에 관한 연구 5 . 임신기간중의 에너지 및 단백질 급여수준이 산유량 , 유성분 및 분만전후의 체중에 미치는 영향
강수원(S . W . Kang),정연후(Y . H . Chung),손용석(Y . S . Son) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.5
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of energy and protein levels during the gestation period on milk yield, milk composition and pre- and post-partum body weight of darn in Korean native cows. In this experiment, thirty six heads of pregnant cows were allotted to a 3×3 factorial design with three net energy levels (80, 100, 120% of NRC ) and three crude protein levels (80, 100. 120% of NRC) for 90 days before parturition. thereafter those were fed at the same nutrient level (100% of NRC) from calving to weaning for 180 days. The results obtained from this experiment are summarized as follows; 1. Pregnant cow`s body weight during the pre-partum 90 days was changed with a significant difference (P$lt; 0.05) from 16㎏ increase of the NE 80%-CP 80% to 42.4㎏ increase of the NE 120%-CP 120%. 2. Dam`s post-partum body weight for 180 days was decreased to the post-partum 127th day and thereafter it was slowly increased, and the difference of the body weight between right after parturition and at weaning was 25.4㎏, which accounted for 5.7% of the body weight, without a significant difference by pre-partum NE-CP level. 3. The average daily milk yield of nursing cow with 10-day intervals for 180 days was not significantly different, showing 2.82㎏ of the NE 80%-CP 80% and 4.03㎏ of the NE 80%-CP 120% (average 3.50㎏), although the difference was 1.21㎏. 4. The maximum of average daily milk yield with 10-day intervals for 180 days was 4.48 to 6.10㎏ (average 5.46㎏) without a significant difference by pre-partum NP-CP levels. and it showed its maximum yield at 5 to 12th day (average 10th day) without it significant difference by treatment. 5. The decrease rate per week and quantity per day of average daily milk yield for 18(1 days showed a significant difference (P$lt;0.05) from 2.38% and of the NE 80%-CP 120% to 3.27% and 25.48 of the NE 100%-CP 80%), respectively. 6. The physico-chemical properities and constituents of milk were not significantly different by pre-partum NE-CP levels, and the energy value of milk per ㎏ was 782 to 849㎉ (average 824㎉). 7. The results showed that energy level affected significantly only the pre-partum body weight of dam for 90 days. However, protein level affected significantly only the milk yield of the nursing cow from calving to weaning for 180 days.