중국 산자이 현상의 사회 문화적 의미에 관한 연구

강려화 (Jiang Lihua) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2010 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.10 No.4

Shanzhai is a buzz which hit China in 2008. The word of Shanzhai made a sensation with the advent of mobile phones. Shanzhai has set a trend in Chinese society resulting in the launch 'Shanzhai Monbilephone'. The Shanzhai products sold in the market copy the design and features of mobiles produced by global companies. These products enjoy explosive popularity from low-income consumers allowing 'Shanzhai' to be a factor melted in product design and even in Chinese culture. The 'Shanzhai' phenomenon has spreaded from product designs to socio-cultural areas creating a new and unique culture. In this context we need to answer the questions like 'What is Shanzhai?' and 'How do 'this Shanzhai phenomenon' and 'Shanzhai culture' emerge in China?'. With those questions in my mind I'd like to review them thoroughly to contemplate the social and cultural implications of Shanzhai. I believe the implications will play a pivotal role to bring us to the better comprehensions on how to interpret Chinese design culture and characteristics. 2008년 중국에서 일어난 큰 화젯거리 중의 하나가'산자이[山寨]'다. 최초로'산자이'는 휴대폰과 함께 등장하면서 현재는 일명'산자이 휴대폰'이라는 새로운 메이커로 거듭나기도 하였다. 이러한 제품들은 유명메이커 휴대폰의 외형뿐만 아니라 기능까지 모방하여 등장한다. 이들은 저소득층인 소비자 사이에서 폭발적인 인기를 얻게 되면서 산자이라는 요소는 제품디자인측면에서 문화적 측면으로까지 스며들게 되었다. 그렇게 산자이 현상은 제품디자인에서 사회 문화적 영역으로까지 확산되면서 하나의 문화를 이루게 된 것이다. 그렇다면'산자이'란 무엇인가?'산자이 현상'과'산자이 문화'는 어떤 모습으로 등장하고 있는가? 이러한 의문을 기본 바탕으로 현재 나타난 산자이 사례들을 샅샅이 훑어보고 그 속에 담겨진 중국 사회 문화적 의미를 고찰하는 것이 본 논문의 주요 목적이다. 이는 오늘날 중국 디자인문화의 내용과 특성을 이해하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.

Dihydroartemisinin inhibits HepG2.2.15 proliferation by inducing cellular senescence and autophagy

( Jiang Zou ),( Qiang Ma ),( Ru Sun ),( Jiajing Cai ),( Hebin Liao ),( Lei Xu ),( Jingruo Xia ),( Guangcheng Huang ),( Lihua Yao ),( Yan Cai ),( Xiaowu Zhong ),( Xiaolan Guo ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2019 BMB Reports Vol.52 No.8

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been reported to possess anti-cancer activity against many cancers. However, the pharmacologic effect of DHA on HBV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine whether DHA could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2.2.15 cells and uncover the underlying mechanisms involved in the effect of DHA on HepG2.2.15 cells. We found that DHA effectively inhibited HepG2.2.15 HCC cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. DHA also reduced the migration and tumorigenicity capacity of HepG2.2.15 cells. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, results showed that DHA induced cellular senescence by up-regulating expression levels of proteins such as p-ATM, p-ATR, γ-H₂AX, P53, and P21 involved in DNA damage response. DHA also induced autophagy (green LC3 puncta gathered together and LC3II/LC3I ratio increased through AKT-mTOR pathway suppression). Results also revealed that DHA-induced autophagy was not linked to senescence or cell death. TPP1 (telomere shelterin) overexpression could not rescue DHA-induced anticancer activity (cell proliferation). Moreover, DHA down-regulated TPP1 expression. Gene knockdown of TPP1 caused similar phenotypes and mechanisms as DHA induced phenotypes and mechanisms in HepG2.2.15 cells. These results demonstrate that DHA might inhibit HepG2.2.15 cells proliferation through inducing cellular senescence and autophagy. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(8): 520-525]

Prediction of long-term compressive strength of concrete with admixtures using hybrid swarm-based algorithms

Lihua Huang,Wei Jiang,Yuling Wang,Yirong Zhu,Mansour Afzal 국제구조공학회 2022 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.29 No.3

Concrete is a most utilized material in the construction industry that have main components. The strength of concrete can be improved by adding some admixtures. Evaluating the impact of fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) on the longterm compressive strength (CS) of concrete provokes to find the significant parameters in predicting the CS, which could be useful in the practical works and would be extensible in the future analysis. In this study, to evaluate the effective parameters in predicting the CS of concrete containing admixtures in the long-term and present a fitted equation, the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) method has been used, which could find a relationship between independent and dependent variables. Next, for optimizing the output equation, biogeography-based optimization (BBO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and hybrid PSOBBO methods have been utilized to find the most optimal conclusions. It could be concluded that for CS predictions in the long-term, all proposed models have the coefficient of determination (R²) larger than 0.9243. Furthermore, MARS-PSOBBO could be offered as the best model to predict CS between three hybrid algorithms accurately.

Double hysteresis loops induced by Mn doping in Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98O3 ferroelectric ceramics

Meng Jiang,Xuhai Li,Jiliang Zhu,Xiaohong Zhu,Wei Shi,Lihua Li,Dingquan Xiao,Jianguo Zhu 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.2

Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98O3 (PNZT95/5) ceramics with 1 mol% and without Mn doping were prepared via conventional solid state reaction process. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the PNZT95/5 and Mn-doped PNZT95/5 (PNZTM95/5) ceramics, with composition near the boundary of the ferroelectric phase (FE)/antiferroelectric phase (AFE), have a rhombohedral perovskite structure. The ferroelectric behavior of PNZT95/5 ceramics is strongly affected by Mn doping. Without any aging process the PNZTM95/5 ceramics possess double hysteresis loops (P–E loops), whereas the PNZT95/5 ceramics possess normal single hysteresis loops. Due to the defect dipoles formed by effectively negatively charged Mn3+ dopants and positively charged O2- vacancies, the PNZTM95/5 ceramics exhibit the double P–E loops. The defect dipole effect has been proved by investigating the P–E loops under different external fields. As a result, the PNZTM95/5 ceramics become ‘‘hardened”, exhibiting a high mechanical quality factor (1300).

Nonlinear machine fault detection by semi-supervised Laplacian Eigenmaps

Quansheng Jiang,Qixin Zhu,Bangfu Wang,Lihua Guo 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.8

A semi-supervised Laplacian Eigenmaps algorithm for machine fault detection is proposed. The purpose of the algorithm is to efficiently extract the manifold geometric characteristics of nonlinear vibration signal samples, and to determine fault classification of operating equipment so that the accuracy of fault detection can be improved. The data acquisition and pre-processing of the vibration signal is firstly implemented from monitoring equipment, then hybrid domain feature is obtained, and the initial sample set can be built. This is followed by implementing the semi-supervised Laplacian Eigenmaps algorithm so that the sensitive nature characteristics of manifold can be obtained from the device initial sample set. In order to establish the intelligent diagnostic model, the Least square Support vector machine (LS-SVM) is then adopted, which fault diagnosis and decisions can be achieved in the feature space of the low-dimensional manifold. The experiment results of using the IRIS data, gearbox and compressor fault data show the proposed method has more advantage when compared with the PCA and Laplacian Eigenmaps on improving the accuracy of fault detection.

Effects of forming parameters on temperature in frictional stir incremental sheet forming

Jin Wang,Lihua Li,Husen Jiang 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.5

Frictional stir Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a new technology used to fabricate parts of hard-to-form materials without using heating equipment. Thus far, limited information is known about the effects of main forming parameters, except spindle speed of the tool, on the temperature of formed sheet in friction-stir ISF. The effects of six forming parameters, namely, sheet thickness, tool vertical step, tool diameter, spindle speed, feed rate, and wall angle of the formed part, were identified using the design of experiment of orthogonal array, analysis of response tables and graphs, and analysis of variance. Results show that spindle speed, feed rate, sheet thickness, and tool vertical step significantly affect the temperature of the sheet. In addition, the temperature of the sheet is significantly increased by increasing sheet thickness, tool vertical step, and spindle speed but significantly decreased with increasing tool feed rate.

DnaJ of Streptococcus suis Type 2 Contributes to Cell Adhesion and Thermotolerance

Zhang, Xiaoyan,Jiang, Xiaowu,Yang, Ling,Fang, Lihua,Shen, Hongxia,Lu, Xingmeng,Fang, Weihuan The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.6

To examine if the molecular chaperone DnaK operon proteins of Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) are involved in adhesion to host cells, the abundance values of these proteins from the surface of two SS2 strains of different adhesion capability were compared. Their roles in growth and adhesion to human laryngeal epithelial cell line HEp-2 cells were investigated on SS2 strain HA9801 and its mutants with DnaK operon genes partially knocked-out (PKO mutant) under heat stress. The major difference was that DnaJ was more abundant in strain HA9801 than in strain JX0811. Pretreatment of the bacteria with hyperimmune sera to DnaJ, but not with those to other proteins, could significantly reduce SS2 adhesion to HEp-2 cells. PKO of dnaJ g ene resulted in decreased SS2 growth at 37℃ and 42℃, and reduced its adhesion to HEp-2 cells. The wild-type strain stressed at 42℃ had increased expression of DnaJ on its surface and elevated adhesion to HEp-2 cells, which was also inhibitable by DnaJ specific antiserum. These results indicate that the DnaJ of S. suis type 2 is important not only for thermotolerance but also for adhesion to host cells. Because DnaJ expression is increased upon temperature upshift with increased exposure on the bacterial surface, the febrile conditions of the cases with systemic infections might help facilitate bacterial adhesion to host cells. DnaJ could be one of the potential candidates as a subunit vaccine because of its good immunogenicity.

A biodegradable drug‐controlled delivery system based on mesoporous manganese dioxide and poly(dopamine)

Li Miaomiao,Cai Wenrong,Jiang Lihua,Li Junyao,Li Shan,Tang Tongtong,Kong Yong 대한화학회 2023 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.44 No.12

Mesoporous manganese dioxide (mMnO 2 ) was first synthesized for the loading of methotrexate (MTX), and then dopamine was in situ polymerized on the surface of the MTX‐loaded mMnO 2 (mMnO 2 ‐MTX) in an alkaline solution to encapsulate the drug in the mesopores of mMnO 2 . Both low pH and glutathione (GSH) can result in the degradation of mMnO 2 and poly(dopamine) (PDA), and thus the delivery of MTX from the mMnO 2 ‐MTX‐PDA can be triggered by low pH and GSH. Near‐infrared (NIR) light‐responsive delivery of MTX can be achieved owing to the outstanding photothermal conversion capability of PDA; on the other hand, the mMnO 2 ‐MTX‐PDA can be utilized for photothermal therapy under the irradiation of NIR light due to the elevated temperature. The results of cytotoxicity test demonstrate that the pH, GSH, and NIR light tri‐responsive drug‐controlled delivery system has excellent biocompatibility, while exhibits pronounced growth inhibition against murine breast tumor cell line 4T1. Mesoporous manganese dioxide (mMnO2) was first synthesized for the loading of methotrexate (MTX), and then dopamine was in situ polymerized on the surface of the MTX-loaded mMnO2 (mMnO2-MTX) in an alkaline solution to encapsulate the drug in the mesopores of mMnO2. Both low pH and glutathione (GSH) can result in the degradation of mMnO2 and poly(dopamine) (PDA), and thus the delivery of MTX from the mMnO2-MTX-PDA can be triggered by low pH and GSH. Near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive delivery of MTX can be achieved owing to the outstanding photothermal conversion capability of PDA; on the other hand, the mMnO2-MTX-PDA can be utilized for photothermal therapy under the irradiation of NIR light due to the elevated temperature. The results of cytotoxicity test demonstrate that the pH, GSH, and NIR light triresponsive drug-controlled delivery system has excellent biocompatibility, while exhibits pronounced growth inhibition against murine breast tumor cell line 4T1.

Multi-granularity Switching Structure Based on Lambda-Group Model

YiYun Wang,Qingji Zeng,Chun Jiang,ShiLin Xiao,Lihua Lu 한국전자통신연구원 2006 ETRI Journal Vol.28 No.1

We present an intelligent optical switching structure based on our lambda-group model along with a working scheme that can provide a distinctive approach for dividing complicated traffic into specific tunnels for better optical performance and grooming efficiency. Both the results and figures from our experiments show that the particular channel partition not only helps in reducing ports significantly, but also improves the average signal-to-noise ratio of the wavelength channel and the blocking performance for dynamic connection requests.

Genome-wide analysis and environmental response profiling of dirigent family genes in rice (Oryza sativa)

Rongjun Chen,Yongrong Liao,Shengbin Liu,Yunyun Jiang,Changqiong Hu,Xuewei Zhang,Xufeng Cao,Zhengjun Xu,Xiaoling Gao,Lihua Li,Jianqing Zhu 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.1

Dirigent (DIR) and DIR-like family genes were involved in lignification or in the response to pathogen infection and abiotic stress in plants. Little is known to us about how rice DIR genes respond to adverse conditions. In this study, we reported genome-wide analysis of 49 DIR or DIR-likes genes in rice. The 49 OsDIRs or OsDIR-likes were tandem arranged into ten clusters. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 49 rice DIR and DIR-like genes cluster into five distinct subfamilies, DIR-a and four DIRlike subfamilies (DIR-b/d, and DIR-g, DIR-c, DIR-e). Meta-analysis of microarray gene expression datas indicated that all the OsDIRs or OsDIR-likes were expressed almost at the same level but with different patterns: most OsDIRs or OsDIR-likes were expressed exclusively in stigma and ovary and were induced by IAA and BAP; several genes were induced by trans-zeatin (tZ) and DMSO; 23 OsDIRs or OsDIR-likes were responded to abiotic stress. Our analysis also showed that most of these genes could respond to abiotic stresses, which contained cis-regulatory elements. The present study will provide a useful reference for further functional analysis of the DIR genes in rice.