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Ahn, Jeonghyun,Jee, Youngmee,Seo, Ilseon,Yoon, Seung Yong,Kim, DongHou,Kim, Yoo Kyum,Lee, Heuiran Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Journal of medical virology Vol.80 No.3
<P>Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is one of the major pathogens of aseptic meningitis and meningioencephalitis, particularly in newborn infants. To analyze the influence of neural maturation on susceptibility to CVB infection, we prepared immature and mature neurons from 16-day-old BALB/c embryonic cortex. In contrast to immature neurons, mature neurons were less susceptible to CVB5 infection, as indicated by the decrease of cytopathic features. In mature neurons, progeny virus production was significantly hindered, and virus capsid protein VP1 synthesis and virus genome amplification were concomitantly reduced. In addition, the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), the major receptor of CVB5, was down-regulated in mature neurons. The antibody treatment specific to CAR significantly attenuated CVB5 susceptibility of immature neurons. These findings demonstrate that mature neurons become less susceptible to CVB by the decrease of CAR level. Thus, the data strongly support the idea that the level of virus receptor in neurons is one of the crucial determinants in the age-dependency of CVB virulence in central nervous system. J. Med. Virol. 80:434–440, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
STING signaling and host defense against microbial infection
Jeonghyun Ahn,Glen N. Barber 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-
The first line of host defense against infectious agents involves activation of innate immune signaling pathways that recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Key triggers of innate immune signaling are now known to include microbial-specific nucleic acid, which is rapidly detected in the cytosol of the cell. For example, RIG-Ilike receptors (RLRs) have evolved to detect viral RNA species and to activate the production of host defense molecules and cytokines that stimulate adaptive immune responses. In addition, host defense countermeasures, including the production of type I interferons (IFNs), can also be triggered by microbial DNA from bacteria, viruses and perhaps parasites and are regulated by the cytosolic sensor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING). STING-dependent signaling is initiated by cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) generated by intracellular bacteria following infection. CDNs can also be synthesized by a cellular synthase, cGAS, following interaction with invasive cytosolic self-DNA or microbial DNA species. The importance of STING signaling in host defense is evident since numerous pathogens have developed strategies to prevent STING function. Here, we review the relevance of STING-controlled innate immune signaling in host defense against pathogen invasion, including microbial endeavors to subvert this critical process.
Ahn, Jeonghyun,Ko, Ara,Jun, Eun Jung,Won, Minah,Kim, Yoo Kyum,Ju, Eun-Seon,Jeon, Eun Seok,Lee, Heuiran American Society for Microbiology 2012 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy Vol.56 No.7
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Antiviral therapeutics are currently unavailable for treatment of coxsackievirus B3, which can cause life-threatening myocarditis. A modified small interfering RNA (siRNA) containing 5′-triphosphate, 3p-siRNA, was shown to induce RNA interference and interferon activation. We aimed to develop a potent antiviral treatment using CVB3-specific 3p-siRNA and to understand its underlying mechanisms. Virus-specific 3p-siRNA was superior to both conventional virus-specific siRNA with an empty hydroxyl group at the 5′ end (OH-siRNA) and nonspecific 3p-siRNA in decreasing viral replication and subsequent cytotoxicity. A single administration of 3p-siRNA dramatically attenuated virus-associated pathological symptoms in mice with no signs of toxicity, and their body weights eventually reached the normal range. Myocardial inflammation and fibrosis were rare, and virus production was greatly reduced. A nonspecific 3p-siRNA showed relatively less protective effect under identical conditions, and a virus-specific OH-siRNA showed no protective effects. We confirmed that virus-specific 3p-siRNA simultaneously activated target-specific gene silencing and type I interferon signaling. We provide a clear proof of concept that coxsackievirus B3-specific 3p-siRNA has 2 distinct modes of action, which significantly enhance antiviral activities with minimal organ damage. This is the first direct demonstration of improved antiviral effects with an immunostimulatory virus-specific siRNA in coxsackievirus myocarditis, and this method could be applied to many virus-related diseases.</P>
Protective effect of Korean red ginseng on oxaliplatin-mediated splenomegaly in colon cancer
Jeonghyun Kang,Joon Seong Park,Sung Gwe Ahn,Jin Hong Lim,Seung Hyuk Baik,Dong Sup Yoon,Kang Young Lee,Joon Jeong 대한외과학회 2018 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.95 No.3
Purpose: This study investigated how adding Korean red ginseng extract (KRG) to folinic acid, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy affected the rate of splenomegaly in colon cancer. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 42 patients who were randomly assigned to receive a FOLFOX regimen with or without KRG. Spleen volume change was assessed by computed tomography scans measured before surgery (presurgery volume) and 3 weeks after cessation of the 12th cycle of FOLFOX (postchemotherapy volume). Results: All patients showed increased spleen volume. No difference was observed in median presurgery and postchemotherapy volume between the KRG and control groups. However, a ratio defined as postchemotherapy volume divided by presurgery volume was significantly lower in the KRG group than the control group (median, 1.38 [range, 1.0–2.8] in KRG group vs. median, 1.89 [range, 1.1–3.0] in control group, P = 0.028). When splenomegaly was defined as a >61% increase in spleen volume, the rate of splenomegaly was significantly lower in the KRG group than the control group (28.6% vs. 61.9%, P = 0.03). KRG consumption was inversely associated with developing splenomegaly in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Adding KRG during FOLFOX chemotherapy for colon cancer might protect against oxaliplatin-induced splenomegaly. The protective effect of Korean red ginseng should be investigated with further research.
Protective effect of Korean red ginseng on oxaliplatin-mediated splenomegaly in colon cancer
Kang, Jeonghyun,Park, Joon Seong,Ahn, Sung Gwe,Lim, Jin Hong,Baik, Seung Hyuk,Yoon, Dong Sup,Lee, Kang Young,Jeong, Joon The Korean Surgical Society 2018 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.95 No.3
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>This study investigated how adding Korean red ginseng extract (KRG) to folinic acid, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy affected the rate of splenomegaly in colon cancer.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>This retrospective study analyzed 42 patients who were randomly assigned to receive a FOLFOX regimen with or without KRG. Spleen volume change was assessed by computed tomography scans measured before surgery (presurgery volume) and 3 weeks after cessation of the 12th cycle of FOLFOX (postchemotherapy volume).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>All patients showed increased spleen volume. No difference was observed in median presurgery and postchemotherapy volume between the KRG and control groups. However, a ratio defined as postchemotherapy volume divided by presurgery volume was significantly lower in the KRG group than the control group (median, 1.38 [range, 1.0–2.8] in KRG group vs. median, 1.89 [range, 1.1–3.0] in control group, P = 0.028). When splenomegaly was defined as a >61% increase in spleen volume, the rate of splenomegaly was significantly lower in the KRG group than the control group (28.6% <I>vs</I>. 61.9%, P = 0.03). KRG consumption was inversely associated with developing splenomegaly in multivariate analysis.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Adding KRG during FOLFOX chemotherapy for colon cancer might protect against oxaliplatin-induced splenomegaly. The protective effect of Korean red ginseng should be investigated with further research.</P>
Obovatol inhibits NLRP3, AIM2, and non-canonical inflammasome activation
Kim, Jeongeun,Ahn, Huijeong,Han, Byung-Cheol,Shin, Hyunjung,Kim, Jin-Chul,Jung, Eui-Man,Kim, Juyeol,Yang, Heejung,Lee, Jeonghyun,Kang, Seung Goo,Lee, Seung-Ho,Lee, Geun-Shik Elsevier 2019 Phytomedicine Vol.63 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Obovatol, a biphenolic chemical originating from <I>Magnolia obovata</I>, has been utilized as a traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Inflammasome induces maturation of inflammatory cytokines in response to intracellular danger signals, and its dysregulation induces inflammatory diseases.</P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>The effect of obovatol on inflammasome activation has not been reported, although its anti-inflammatory properties have been studied.</P> <P><B>Study design/methods</B></P> <P>Obovatol was treated to macrophages with inflammasome triggers, and secretions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1 were measured as readouts of inflammasome activation. In addition, Asc pyroptosome formation, caspase-1 activity, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analyzed in mechanical studies. Anti-inflammasome properties of obovatol were confirmed in an animal model.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Obovatol inhibited NLRP3, AIM2, and non-canonical inflammasomes through inhibition of Asc pyroptosome formation and mitochondrial ROS generation. In addition, obovatol disrupted the priming step of inflammasome activation and inhibited transcription of inflammatory cytokines. In mice, obovatol attenuated serum IL-1β elevation in response to monosodium urate crystals.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Obovatol is suggested as an inhibitor of NLRP3, AIM2, and non-canonical inflammasomes.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Jeong, Soo-Young,Ahn, Jeonghyun,Cho, Young-Joo,Kim, Yeun-Jung,Kim, Dae-Sun,Jee, Youngmee,Lee, Heuiran,Nam, Jae-Hwan Center for Academic Publications Japan 2007 Microbiology and immunology Vol.51 No.11
<P>The coxsackievirus group B (CVB) of the genus Enterovirus and the species human enterovirus B is a nonenveloped virus containing a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome. Coxsackievirus has icosahedral symmetry and four capsid proteins, VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. Specific antibodies against each viral protein are prerequisites for various studies. In this study, we developed seven peptide-derived antibodies directed against coxsackievirus VP1 (NO1-NO5), VP2 (B3), and VP3 (GL3). We developed a type-specific antibody (NO1) and broadly cross-reactive antibodies (NO3 and NO5) to VP1. Anti-VP2 and anti-VP3 antibodies (B3 and GL3, respectively) are also cross-reactive to human enterovirus B such as CVB and echoviruses. Their sensitivities and reactivities are likely to be better than those of the commercial VP1 monoclonal antibody (MAb). The dot-blot analysis also showed that NO5 against VP1 is able to detect less than 1 microg [2x10(6) plaque-forming unit (pfu) of CVB3] of viruses, suggesting that it could be used to develop a diagnostic kit that can directly detect human enterovirus B. The antibodies produced here may allow us to undertake several studies, such as those involving viral trafficking, expression kinetics, and the roles of viral proteins in infection, and the development of diagnostic kits.</P>
Ryu HyunKi,Yeo ChangSub,Jeonghyun Cho,Ahn CheolWoong,Kim SungHo 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.7
In this paper, to take advantage of personalized black box service, we did design and implement a combination service using a user terminal device and smart phone application, cloud server. This proposed system is to collect and analyze the individual's status information, it is possible to recognize a dangerous situations and hazards for users to inform the guardian or decided particular government department. To recognize dangerous situations, we are using various electronic sensors like magnetic gyro, GPS, short circuit sensor, camera. Also, to predict future risk situations, we use a face detection method that based on digital image processing. So, it can be guaranteed to be secure before the crime incident.