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Taurine Prevents Oxidative Damage of High Glucose-Induced Cataractogenesis in Isolated Rat Lenses
SON, Hee-Young,KIM, Harriet,H KWON, Young Center for Academic Publications Japan 2007 JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND VITAMINOLOGY Vol.53 No.4
<P>Diabetic cataract is an ocular disease represented as blindness by lens opacification. Oxidative as well as osmotic stress caused by accumulation of polyols within the lens has been shown to be associated with glucose-induced cataractogenesis. Taurine has an antioxidant capacity and its level in diabetic cataractous lens is markedly decreased. Therefore, we investigated whether taurine is a part of antioxidative defense mechanism involved in protecting the lens against high glucose-induced oxidative stress and tissue damage. Lenses were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 180-200 g and cultured in high glucose medium (55.6 m<SMALL>M</SMALL>) for 6 d as a model of high glucose-induced cataractogenesis. To investigate the antioxidative effect of taurine, 30 m<SMALL>M</SMALL> taurine was added in normal medium for 2 d before the addition of high glucose. The culture of lenses in high glucose medium increased the weight and opacity of lenses of and the carbonylated protein level, and decreased glutathione (GSH) content. Although there were no significant effects of taurine on the weight or opacity of lenses, pretreatment of lenses with 30 m<SMALL>M</SMALL> taurine significantly reversed the level of protein carbonylation and GSH to those of controls. Therefore, taurine might spare GSH and protect the lens from oxidative stress induced by a high concentration of glucose.</P>
CHEONG, Sun Hee,KIM, Mi Yeon,SOK, Dai-Eun,HWANG, Seock-Yeon,KIM, Jin Hee,KIM, Hye Ran,LEE, Jeung Hee,KIM, Yun-Bae,KIM, Mee Ree Center for Academic Publications Japan 2010 JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND VITAMINOLOGY Vol.56 No.1
<P>The anti-atherogenic effects of spirulina (<I>Spirulina platensis</I>) were investigated in the New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit model. The animal had hypercholesterolemia induced by being fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) containing 0.5% cholesterol for 4 wk, and then fed a HCD supplemented with 1 or 5% spirulina (SP1 or SP5) for an additional 8 wk. Spirulina supplementation lowered intimal surface of the aorta by 32.2 to 48.3%, compared to HCD. Serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) significantly were reduced in SP groups. After 8 wk, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remarkably decreased by 26.4% in SP1 and 41.2% in SP5, compared to HCD. On the other hand, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was markedly increased in SP1 and SP5 compared with that in the HCD group from 2 to 8 wk. These results suggest that spirulina intake can cause the reduction of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis, associated with a decrease in levels of serum TC, TG and LDL-C, and an elevation of HDL-C level. Spirulina may, therefore, be beneficial in preventing atherosclerosis and reducing risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.</P>
First molecular detection of Borrelia afzelii in clinical samples in Korea.
Choi, Yeon-Joo,Han, Seung-Hoon,Park, Jin-Mi,Lee, Kyung-Min,Lee, Eun-Mi,Lee, Seung-Hyun,Song, Hyeon-Je,Koh, Young-Sang,Lee, Keun-Wha,Jang, Won-Jong,Park, Kyung-Hee Center for Academic Publications Japan 2007 Microbiology and immunology Vol.51 No.12
<P>Borrelia afzelii nucleic acids were detected in the sera of febrile disease patients by a nested PCR that targeted the rrf (5S)-rrl (23S) spacer of B. burgdorferi sensu lato. The B. afzelii-specific DNA fragment was detected in 8 out of 283 sera which were proven to have immunoglobulin G or M antibodies against B. burgdorferi antigens through IFA. The results were further confirmed through restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing analysis of the DNA fragments. The results indicated for the first time that Lyme borreliosis is prevalent in Korea.</P>
Immune responses of mice to influenza subunit vaccine in combination with CIA07 as an adjuvant.
Park, Shin Ae,Song, Eun Sun,Cho, Yang Je,Ahn, Bo Young,Ha, Suk-Hoon,Seong, Bak Lin,Lee, Kwang Hee,Lee, Na Gyong Center for Academic Publications Japan 2007 Microbiology and immunology Vol.51 No.11
<P>CIA07 is an immunostimulatory agent composed of E. coli DNA fragments and modified LPS lacking the lipid A moiety. In this study, we investigated whether CIA07 promotes immune responses as an adjuvant to the influenza subunit vaccine. Balb/c mice were immunized intramuscularly once or twice at a 4-week interval with the trivalent influenza subunit vaccine antigen alone or in combination with CIA07 as adjuvant. Antigen-specific serum antibody titers and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers were assessed. At 4 weeks after each immunization, the antigen-specific total serum IgG antibody titer in mice receiving CIA07 was 2 to 3 times higher than that in animals administered antigen alone (P<0.05). The CIA07-treated group additionally displayed higher HI antibody titers against each of the 3 vaccine strains, compared to the antigen group. Animals receiving antigen alone displayed barely detectable antigen-specific serum IgG2a antibody titers. In contrast, coadministration of CIA07 with antigen led to significantly enhanced IgG2a antibody responses, suggesting that CIA07 stimulates a Th1-type immune response. Moreover, the CIA07-treated group displayed a marked increase in the number of interferon gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells in splenocytes. These data collectively demonstrate that CIA07 has the ability to induce both Th1-type cellular and Th2-type humoral immune responses to the influenza subunit vaccine, and support its potential as an effective adjuvant to the influenza vaccine.</P>
SEO, Jin-Hee,SUNG, Yun-Hee,KIM, Ki-Jeong,SHIN, Mal-Soon,LEE, Eun-Kyu,KIM, Chang-Ju Center for Academic Publications Japan 2011 JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND VITAMINOLOGY Vol.57 No.1
<P>This study was conducted to determine the effects of <I>Phellinus linteus </I>(PL) on serotonin synthesis in the brain and on the expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in muscles during exhaustive exercise in rats. In this study, 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following 6 groups: control; exercise; exercise and 50 mg/kg of PL treatment; exercise and 100 of mg/kg PL treatment; exercise and 200 mg/kg of PL treatment; and exercise and 100 mg/kg of caffeine treatment. Treatment with 200 mg/kg of PL led to a significant increase in the time to exhaustion in response to running on a treadmill and a significant decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in the dorsal raphe of rats. MCT1 and MCT4 expression of the gastrocnemius muscles was also increased in response to treatment with 200 mg/kg of PL. The results of the present study demonstrated that the administration of PL increased endurance exercise performance through inhibition of serotonin production in the brain and increased the expression of MCT1 and MCT4 in muscles. These results suggest that PL exerts an ergogenic effect.</P>
KIM, Youngha,SEO, Ji Hye,KIM, Hyeyoung Center for Academic Publications Japan 2011 JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND VITAMINOLOGY Vol.57 No.3
<P>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) are involved in the pathogenesis of gastric inflammation. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent mediator of the inflammatory response by activating and recruiting neutrophils to the site of infection. Oxidant-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB regulates the expression of IL-8 in the immune and inflammatory events. Carotenoids (carotenes and oxygenated carotenoids) show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Low intake of β-carotene leads to high risk of gastric cancer. Oxygenated carotenoid lutein inhibited NF-κB activation in experimental uveitis. The present study aims to investigate whether β-carotene and lutein inhibit H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of IL-8 in gastric epithelial AGS cells. The cells were treated with carotenoids 2 h prior to the treatment of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real time RT-PCR analyses. IL-8 level in the medium was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NF-κB activation was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. ROS levels of the cells were detected by confocal microscopic analysis for fluorescent dichlorofluorescein. As a result, H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2 </SUB>induced the activation of NF-κB and expression of IL-8 in AGS cells time-dependently. β-Carotene and lutein showed inhibitory effects on H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced increase in intracellular ROS levels, activation of NF-κB, and IL-8 expression in AGS cells. In conclusion, supplementation of carotenoids such as β-carotene and lutein may be beneficial for the treatment of oxidative stress-mediated gastric inflammation.</P>
Lee, Jeom Kyu,Lee, Yeong Seon,Park, Yong Keun,Kim, Bong Su Center for Academic Publications Japan 2005 Microbiology and immunology Vol.49 No.7
<P>Mutation with Ser-83-->Leu in gyrA gene was associated with the principal mutation for ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Double mutation, Ser-83-->Leu in gyrA gene and Ser-80-->Leu in parC gene, was the most frequently detected among ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. A novel mutation with Ser-80-->Trp in parC gene, in addition to mutation in gyrA gene, was associated with a high-level ciprofloxacin resistance. These results suggested that the presence of an additional mutation in the parC gene contributed to a higher-level of ciprofloxacin resistance than a single mutation in the gyrA gene (geometric mean MICs of ciprofloxacin, 44.1 versus 16 microg/ml, P < 0.05).</P>
Seroepidemiology of spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsioses in humans, South Korea.
Jang, Won-Jong,Choi, Yeon-Joo,Kim, Jong-Hyun,Jung, Kwang-Don,Ryu, Ji-Sun,Lee, Seung-Hyun,Yoo, Cheon-Kwon,Paik, Hyung-Suk,Choi, Myung-Sik,Park, Kyung-Hee,Kim, Ik-Sang Center for Academic Publications Japan 2005 Microbiology and immunology Vol.49 No.1
<P>The prevalence of spotted fever group (SFG) and typhus group (TG) rickettsioses was investigated in 3,362 sera by immunofluorescence assay. The serum samples were obtained from patients with acute febrile episodes in South Korea from December 1992 to November 1993. The number of polyvalent positive sera against SFG rickettsial agents at the level of 1: 40 dilution was 269 (8%) in Rickettsia sibirica, 482 (14.34%) in R. conorii, and 546 (16.24%) in R. akari. Many of the positive sera contained immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies rather than IgG antibodies. These results strongly suggest that SFG rickettsioses are prevalent in Korea. For TG rickettsial agents, the number of positive sera was 1,096 (32.60%) in R. typhi and 951 (28.29%) in R. prowazekii. Only a few epidemic typhus positive sera contained IgM antibodies. The result suggests that recent and/or primary infections of epidemic typhus were very rare in Korea during the said period. Among seven patients who had high titers (1:5,120) of IgG antibody to R. prowazekii, six were over 50 years old. The result suggests that Brill-Zinsser disease was prevalent in Korea.</P>