An Assessment of the Viability of Producing True-to-type, Virus-free, Tissue-cultured Garlic in the Philippines

Jeanette Angeline B,Madamba 아시아무역학회 2019 Journal of Asia Trade and Business Vol.6 No.2

Considering that the Philippines’ garlic production cannot cope up with the local demand requirements, this supply gap presents itself as a bright spot in garlic farming. As the demand for garlic far outpaces production levels which remain low due to poor yields exacerbated by traditional growing practices of garlic farmers, there is a need to demonstrate whether producing true-to-type, virus-free, tissue-cultured garlic propagation is the answer to bridge such a supply gap. This study, which is part of a larger research study focused on looking into the technology utilization of producing true-to-type, virus-free, tissue-cultured (TC) garlic planting materials for farmers, aimed to evaluate the feasibility of producing in vitro bulblets from multiplied shoots and bulb production under greenhouse and field conditions so that better quality and high volumes of garlic planting materials may be available to garlic farmers. Data gathering was done through face-to-face interviews with tissue culture laboratory personnel, farmers and municipal agriculture officers and from secondary and online sources. Using comparative analysis with traditional garlic production methods, cost and return, benefit-cost ratio and NPV, it was revealed that TC garlic planting materials are more costly and beyond the reach of farmers. Moreover, current traditional garlic practices are more profitable compared to TC garlic production (whether as G0 in vitro bulblets from multiple shoots or as G2 bulblets). Though the sales potential of farmers using TC planting materials is about three times more than that of traditional farmers, their net income is only half of that of traditional farmers because challenges remain in terms of bringing the production cost of TC planting materials down in view of lack of economies of scale. It is imperative that continuing improvements in research laboratory protocols be done to bring down the gestation period of TC planting materials from 3 years to one year and address the high contamination rates in the production process. In addition, economies of scale must be considered in choosing at which production level to operate.

DECISION DETERMINANTS OF INDIGENOUS CORN FARMERS IN NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Larry Fritz B. Signabon,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Loida E. Mojica,Nohreen Ethel P. Manipol,Hanna D. Miranda 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2017 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.8 No.1

This study which focused on factors and challenges affecting the decision-making of indigenous corn farmers ascertained the determinants that make farmers decide to engage in and continue corn farming activities in Paracelis, Mountain Province, in Northern Philippines. Determinants of decision and motivational factors of corn farmers were examined based on survey responses of 120 indigenous corn farmers by applying chi-square test analysis. Results showed that there were some decision and motivational factors that were significantly related to specific characteristics of corn farmers and there were also similarities of factors that affected the decision making of farmers in terms of engaging in and sustaining corn farming activities. Among the identified driving forces, financing capability and availability of land area were highly related with farm size and with a farmer’s educational attainment. Knowledge or experience and interest in corn farming were also related with educational attainment. All the identified driving forces were found to be unrelated to farmers’ age. The motivational factor identified as “personally satisfying” was found to be related with age, educational attainment and years in the farming business. Factors which affected a farmer’s decision to sustain corn farming activities (“sustaining” factors) such as availability of different networks is highly related to educational attainment, years in the farming business and farm size while high market price of corn was the only “sustaining” factor linked to educational attainment. Based on these factors and cited problems in corn farming, recommendations were offered to address the issues raised by farmers.

Longevity Determinants of Embroidery Enterprises in Taal, Batangas, Philippines

Divine Krizza B. Padua,Jewel Joanna S. Cabardo,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Jimmy B. Williams 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.7 No.1

The study specifically aimed to identify factors affecting business longevity. It focused on knowing how embroidery enterprises managed to persist in the industry for many years despite the competitive business environment. After discovering the significant relationships of such factors to longevity, problems experienced by the enterprise cluster were ascertained in order to come up with recommendations that can be proposed to the enterprise owners. Embroidery entrepreneurs have been experiencing a continuous decline in sales due to lack of innovation and intense competition. In the evaluation of their personal entrepreneurial competencies, they scored low on risk-taking, persuasion and networking, and opportunity seeking; thus, implying that these are their weaknesses. On the other hand, the statistical results of this study say that longevity is a function of the entrepreneur’s competencies (i.e., persistence, commitment to work contract, demand for quality and efficiency, information seeking, and systematic planning or monitoring), the generation currently managing the business, competition, and the customer’s preferences. These results suggest that these independent variables are significant and are deemed critical to business longevity. Thus, entrepreneurs have to find ways on how to use these competencies as an advantage in reinventing their businesses and in reviving their industry.

Longevity Determinants of Embroidery Enterprises in Taal, Batangas, Philippines

Padua, Divine Krizza B.,Cabardo, Jewel Joanna S.,Madamba, Jeanette Angeline B.,Williams, Jimmy B. KNU The Institute of ManagementEconomy Research 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.7 No.1

The study specifically aimed to identify factors affecting business longevity. It focused on knowing how embroidery enterprises managed to persist in the industry for many years despite the competitive business environment. After discovering the significant relationships of such factors to longevity, problems experienced by the enterprise cluster were ascertained in order to come up with recommendations that can be proposed to the enterprise owners. Embroidery entrepreneurs have been experiencing a continuous decline in sales due to lack of innovation and intense competition. In the evaluation of their personal entrepreneurial competencies, they scored low on risk-taking, persuasion and networking, and opportunity seeking; thus, implying that these are their weaknesses. On the other hand, the statistical results of this study say that longevity is a function of the entrepreneur's competencies (i.e., persistence, commitment to work contract, demand for quality and efficiency, information seeking, and systematic planning or monitoring), the generation currently managing the business, competition, and the customer's preferences. These results suggest that these independent variables are significant and are deemed critical to business longevity. Thus, entrepreneurs have to find ways on how to use these competencies as an advantage in reinventing their businesses and in reviving their industry.

Decision Factors in Organic Vegetable Farming in Selected Areas of Luzon, Philippines

Loida E. Mojica,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Rodolfo R. Sabado. Jr. 한국무역연구원 2010 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.6 No.2

Organic farming has been touted as a way to address the alarming rate of environmental degradation and changing health lifestyles of consumers the world over. This exploratory study attempted to identify the decision factors in organic vegetable farming; specifically, the motivators of vegetable farmers for engaging in and sustaining organic farms. This study also sought to determine the motivators and constraints in shifting from organic farming to conventional farming. Results showed that personal and philosophical factors and environmental factors essentially served as motivators for vegetable farmers to go into organic farming while economic and business factors figured prominently as motivators for organic vegetable farmers to sustain operations. No dominant motivating factors were noted for potential shifters to organic vegetable farming in view of numerous constraints such as the lack of awareness and information on organic farming technology, lack of financing, lack of sources of organic fertilizer, need for additional labor, land and soil-related constraints and lack of post-harvest handling facilities. Recommendations to mitigate these constraints included the provision of financial support at the start-up and implementation phases of organic farming and mentoring by established organic vegetable producers.

Employer Perceptions on Relevant Competencies and Career Readiness of Entry-Level College Graduate Employees in Selected Agribusiness Enterprises and Support Institutions in Laguna, Philippines

Pia Adelie M. Mortel,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Jewel Joanna S. Cabardo,Nohreen Ethel P. Manipol,Rachelle A. Mariano The International Academy of Global Business and T 2017 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.13 No.2

With agribusiness as one of the five priority areas of today’s government (Romualdez, 2017), identifying the competency needs of the industry and developing a matching workforce is important for development. However, few similar studies regarding agribusiness competencies have been done in a Philippine setting. Thus, this study provided insights on employer perceptions on relevant competencies and career readiness of entry-level college graduate employees participating in agribusiness/support institutions in Laguna, Philippines. Non-random sampling was conducted depending on the availability of employer-respondents. A list of agribusiness-related enterprises and support institutions was collated from primary data (list provided by local government units and site visits of select areas in the province of Laguna, Philippines) and secondary data (web searches and referrals). Out of the 94 contacted, a total of 51 employers in Laguna province (41 businesses and 10 institutions) participated in the study, primarily through self-administered questionnaires. Fifty-two entry-level employees in different job fields were grouped by degree and university for analysis. Twenty-two competencies derived by Miller et al. (2005) from previous studies were used for the evaluation. A Likert-scale was used to express an employer’s perceived level of importance, expectation, and performance for the competencies. Descriptive statistics such as median, quartile and interquartile ranges, cross-tabulations, chi-square test of association, and Cramer’s V for strength of association were used to analyze the given ratings. Findings revealed that communication-based competencies and technical competencies (agriculture/business-specific knowledges) remain the top relevant competencies in agribusiness. External factors are associated with the emergence of new competencies (such as globalization and computer technology-related skills) becoming increasingly important in agribusiness. Entry-level college graduates were mostly rated to be proficient and career ready; however, there are competencies such as negotiation (N-UPLB graduates with ABM degree) and interdependence of business functions (UPLB graduates with N-ABM degree) where further training is needed. Thus, students and professors of educational institutions may have to align their learning and teaching, respectively, in order to address lacking or underdeveloped competencies for better employability.

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention and Behavior among the Indigenous Farming Community in Mountain Province, Philippines

Hanna A,Canillo,Jeanette Angeline B,Madamba,James Roldan S,Reyes,Normito R,Zapata,Jr,Agnes T,Banzon 한국무역연구원 2020 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.16 No.1

Purpose – With the shift of the Philippine economy towards an agribusiness-driven sector from mere production-oriented farming, indigenous people have been encouraged to engage in entrepreneurship as it is seen as a means to improve their socio-economic status and their community. This study attempted to fill the gap in indigenous entrepreneurship research as it delved on the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and behavior in an indigenous rice farming community in the northern Philippines. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study assessed the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention and behavior among indigenous rice farmers in Bun-ayan, Sabangan, Mountain Province, Philippines by analyzing the entrepreneurial indicators and predictors through correlation and multiple regression analysis of responses from 74 indigenous rice farmers. Findings – Among all the entrepreneurship predictors in this research, age, educational attainment, years in farming, occupation of the farmer’s father and mother, entrepreneurial inclination, entrepreneurial role model, entrepreneurial education, personal attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were significantly related to entrepreneurial intention. Among the significant variables extracted from the correlation analysis, the following factors affecting entrepreneurial intention and behavior are age, father’s occupation and entrepreneurial inclination. Furthermore, it was found that socio-demographic factors and entrepreneurial inclination determine the intention of indigenous rice farmers to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The Theory of Planned Behavior indicators become insignificant when other predictors are incorporated with it. Research Implications – Though there is evidence of a high level of entrepreneurial intention among the indigenous farming community, challenges pertinent to culture preservation vis-a-vis the indigenous farming community’s capacity to translate such intention into entrepreneurial behavior need to be addressed.

Strategic Sourcing Patterns of Philippine Agribusiness and Multinational Enterprises

Loida E. Mojica,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba 한국무역연구원 2011 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.7 No.2

This paper examined the strategic sourcing patterns of agribusiness and multinational enterprises in the Philippines and drew insights from an emerging market’s perspective based on ten explorative case studies. Findings confirmed the extant literature relative to multinational enterprises not actively pursuing local sourcing options presented by their host country. Mango processing and export companies in the Philippines primarily sourced locally from multiple locations based on the seasonality of raw material supply. Some firms employed intrasourcing in combination with external sourcing. A majority of the firms adopted sourcing strategies depending on export market specifications. In addition, foreign sourcing was still the predominant practice with imported supplies accounting for the bulk of the procurement operation due to low cost, high and consistent quality and volume flexibility considerations. Sourcing strategies employed by firms were more reactive rather than strategic. The results imply a lack of embeddedness of purchasing and supply management strategy in the overall corporate strategy of some Philippine agribusiness and multinational enterprises.

GLOBAL PRACTICES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY: PARTICIPATORY STRIDES TAKEN TOWARDS ADOPTION OF THE WORLD CHARTER FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM + 20

Arnelie G. Laquidan,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Normito R. Zapata, Jr. 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2019 No.08

This paper delved on and reviewed sustainable tourism practices and experience of selected Asian countries using secondary data and content analysis in the context of the World Charter for Sustainable Tourism + 20 which focuses on preserving national heritage, supporting biodiversity, coping with climate change, empowering local communities and promoting peace and coexistence. While the focus of the extant sustainable tourism literature for each country appears to be highly variable, findings revealed that though tourism sustainability awareness is evident in 11 Asian countries, each country approached the concept of sustainable tourism differently. Common patterns seen include the focus on preserving the national heritage and promoting inclusive development. Among the 11 countries, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan appear to be leading the way in terms of sustainable tourism while the other countries continue to grapple with issues such as preserving biodiversity, combatting climate change and promoting peace and coexistence.

COLOGNE BRAND PREFERENCES OF TEENAGERS IN THE PHILIPPINES: MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS

Ramirez, Roderick V.,Madamba, Jeanette Angeline B.,Tan, Reynaldo L. KNU The Institute of Management Economy Research 2015 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.6 No.2

Studies focusing on the constantly changing buying behavior and product preferences of a booming teen market are rare and this is particularly true in the Philippines. To address this gap in the literature, this study focused on the supermarket brands of cologne preferred by teens in the Philippines such as Lewis & Pearl (L&P), Johnson's Baby Cologne, Juicy, Bench, Ellips, Fiona, Bambini and Baby Flo which are manufactured by various competing companies. Essentially, this study presented and described the profile and buying behavior of cologne users and non-cologne users and determined whether preferential differences existed between these brands. The respondents consisted of 473 teens all over the Philippines stratified in terms of general location via the three major groups of islands in the Philippines: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Respondents came from selected schools in Quezon City in Metro Manila, Sariaya in Quezon Province, Cebu City, and Digos City to represent the Greater Metro Manila Area, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, respectively. Findings showed that almost all of the respondents used cologne at varying degrees. In general, teens use several scents and brands of cologne and continually shift from one scent/brand to another scent/brand. This made it difficult for any company to capture loyal consumers. The most popular brands used by teenagers were Bench (61.7%), Lewis and Pearl (59%), Juicy (42%), Afficionado (32%), Fiona (19.3%), Penshoppe (18%), Bambini (12.6%), Ellips (11.3%) and Zen Zest (7.5%). Fragrance or scent is the top priority of teenagers in choosing a cologne brand, followed by brand name, affordability, bottle design and endorser. The spray bottle type of colognes is preferred even if cologne spray bottles are priced higher than the splash cologne bottle type. Managerial implications of these findings for market players, marketing scholars and prospective investors are presented.