아세아에 있어서 축산업의 한계와 잠재력

Joseph C . Madamba 한국축산학회 1976 한국축산학회지 Vol.18 No.4

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An Assessment of an Inclusive Business Model (Ibm) in The Philippines: The Case of the Kalasag Farmers Producers Cooperative (KALASAG-FPC)

Cathrene P. Amante(Cathrene P. Amante ),Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba(Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba ),Jewel Joanna S. Cabardo(Jewel Joanna S. Cabardo ),Juan Paulino S. Trespalacio(Juan Paulino S. Trespa 아시아무역학회 2022 Journal of Asia Trade and Business Vol.9 No.1

Purpose - This paper evaluated the inclusive business model (IBM) adopted by the KALASAG Farmers Producers Cooperative (KALASAG-FPC) in San Jose City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Specifically, the study assessed the Farmer Entrepreneurship Program (FEP) of Jollibee Foods Corporation (JFC) relative to KALASAG-FPC in order to describe how an IBM affected the farmers' lives and their business operations. By determining the perceived level of inclusiveness of the IBM from three perspectives, strategies were crafted to improve business model inclusivity. Design/Methodology/Approach - In discussing the activities in the business model and the business operations of the cooperative, the case approach, and the IBM principles and radar chart from the study entitled “Is Inclusive Business for you? Managing and upscaling an inclusive company: Lessons from the field” by Sopov et al. (2014) were used. Findings - The results showed that the business model was perceived by the farmers, program implementers, and the main researcher to be the most inclusive in three different areas, but least inclusive in one same area. Therefore, the discussion focused on what led to these perceptions, and what can be done to enhance the inclusivity of the business model. Research Implications - The recommendations focused on activities that promote the chain-wide collaboration of the IBM players in order to solve problems faced not only by the farmers but also by the program implementers and partners. The study’s contribution lies in demonstrating the application of the 2014 study framework on an IBM in the Philippine context.

Consumer Preferences for Residential Real Estate Properties among Interested Buyers in Laguna Province, Philippines, before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alyssa A. Relova(Alyssa A. Relova ),Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba(Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba ),Dinah Pura T. Depositario(Dinah Pura T. Depositario ),James Roldan S. Reyes(James Roldan S. Reyes ) 아시아무역학회 2023 Journal of Asia Trade and Business Vol.10 No.1

Purpose – This study assessed the consumer preferences for residential real estate properties among interested buyers in Laguna, Philippines, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/Methodology/Approach – Interested property buyers in Laguna were randomly selected and characterized based on their socio-demographic and economic characteristics, and their COVID-19 experiences were described. Consumer preferences for different aspects of housing units were examined descriptively and using McNemar’s test, changes in preferred attributes of residential units before and during the pandemic were compared. Findings – Single-detached economic housing with three bedrooms was the most preferred type of unit of interested buyers. It was found that the higher the monthly income of respondents, the higher the property value they preferred to purchase. Los Baños is the preferred municipality to live in because of its proximity to the metropolitan capital. The preferred mechanism of ownership is either rent-to-own or via a loan. Those earning a monthly income of PhP 131,484 (USD 2,708.77) to PhP 219,140 (USD 4,514.63) preferred to purchase residential property in cash. As for attributes, proximity to highways, proximity to community services, proximity to houses of family and friends, presence of swimming pool, presence of sense of community, secured and guarded community, quiet surroundings, presence of panoramic views, and pet-friendly home and community are statistically significantly different. Research Implications – Residential real estate developers should respond to various differences in consumer preferences. To continue satisfying prospective buyer demand and successfully close sales, it is vital to consider these consumer preference changes relative to residential projects.

Entrepreneurial Inclination and Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention Among Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSA) Students at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB)

Kenneth L. Medina(Kenneth L. Medina ),Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba(Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba ),James Roldan S. Reyes(James Roldan S. Reyes ),Agnes T. Banzon(Agnes T. Banzon ),Arlene C. Gutierrez(Ar 아시아무역학회 2022 Journal of Asia Trade and Business Vol.9 No.1

Purpose - Most studies on entrepreneurial intention were focused on developed countries. In developing and agriculture-based economies like the Philippines, there is limited entrepreneurial intention studies conducted among university students, who are potential entrepreneurs in the country. This study intends to bridge this gap by providing insights about the entrepreneurial inclination and entrepreneurial intention of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSA) students at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). Design/Methodology/Approach - Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was utilized to explore factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of the BSA students. A total of 108 students were surveyed using an online questionnaire, and data analysis tools included Cronbach’s alpha, frequency analysis, chi-square, and binary logistic regression. Data analysis focused on each batch of students. Findings - The study found that Batch 2012 and below showed a greater number of students with high personal attitude, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, Batch 2015 students exhibited the lowest entrepreneurial intention. Generally, the respondents had high entrepreneurial intention; however, low perceived behavioral control or self-efficacy was also recorded. In terms of entrepreneurial inclination, all batches showed high inclination, except for Batch 2015, where the majority of the students did not have an entrepreneurial role model and had not taken an entrepreneurship course or subject. An equation model was constructed for Batch 2015 students, wherein personal attitude and subjective norm were found to be significant with intention. Research Implications - The study findings imply the need for certain colleges in UPLB to undertake strategies tailor-fit for addressing gaps in entrepreneurial inclination and intention for every batch.

COLOGNE BRAND PREFERENCES OF TEENAGERS IN THE PHILIPPINES: MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS

Ramirez, Roderick V.,Madamba, Jeanette Angeline B.,Tan, Reynaldo L. KNU The Institute of Management Economy Research 2015 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.6 No.2

Studies focusing on the constantly changing buying behavior and product preferences of a booming teen market are rare and this is particularly true in the Philippines. To address this gap in the literature, this study focused on the supermarket brands of cologne preferred by teens in the Philippines such as Lewis & Pearl (L&P), Johnson's Baby Cologne, Juicy, Bench, Ellips, Fiona, Bambini and Baby Flo which are manufactured by various competing companies. Essentially, this study presented and described the profile and buying behavior of cologne users and non-cologne users and determined whether preferential differences existed between these brands. The respondents consisted of 473 teens all over the Philippines stratified in terms of general location via the three major groups of islands in the Philippines: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Respondents came from selected schools in Quezon City in Metro Manila, Sariaya in Quezon Province, Cebu City, and Digos City to represent the Greater Metro Manila Area, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, respectively. Findings showed that almost all of the respondents used cologne at varying degrees. In general, teens use several scents and brands of cologne and continually shift from one scent/brand to another scent/brand. This made it difficult for any company to capture loyal consumers. The most popular brands used by teenagers were Bench (61.7%), Lewis and Pearl (59%), Juicy (42%), Afficionado (32%), Fiona (19.3%), Penshoppe (18%), Bambini (12.6%), Ellips (11.3%) and Zen Zest (7.5%). Fragrance or scent is the top priority of teenagers in choosing a cologne brand, followed by brand name, affordability, bottle design and endorser. The spray bottle type of colognes is preferred even if cologne spray bottles are priced higher than the splash cologne bottle type. Managerial implications of these findings for market players, marketing scholars and prospective investors are presented.

An Assessment of the Viability of Producing True-to-type, Virus-free, Tissue-cultured Garlic in the Philippines

Jeanette Angeline B,Madamba 아시아무역학회 2019 Journal of Asia Trade and Business Vol.6 No.2

Considering that the Philippines’ garlic production cannot cope up with the local demand requirements, this supply gap presents itself as a bright spot in garlic farming. As the demand for garlic far outpaces production levels which remain low due to poor yields exacerbated by traditional growing practices of garlic farmers, there is a need to demonstrate whether producing true-to-type, virus-free, tissue-cultured garlic propagation is the answer to bridge such a supply gap. This study, which is part of a larger research study focused on looking into the technology utilization of producing true-to-type, virus-free, tissue-cultured (TC) garlic planting materials for farmers, aimed to evaluate the feasibility of producing in vitro bulblets from multiplied shoots and bulb production under greenhouse and field conditions so that better quality and high volumes of garlic planting materials may be available to garlic farmers. Data gathering was done through face-to-face interviews with tissue culture laboratory personnel, farmers and municipal agriculture officers and from secondary and online sources. Using comparative analysis with traditional garlic production methods, cost and return, benefit-cost ratio and NPV, it was revealed that TC garlic planting materials are more costly and beyond the reach of farmers. Moreover, current traditional garlic practices are more profitable compared to TC garlic production (whether as G0 in vitro bulblets from multiple shoots or as G2 bulblets). Though the sales potential of farmers using TC planting materials is about three times more than that of traditional farmers, their net income is only half of that of traditional farmers because challenges remain in terms of bringing the production cost of TC planting materials down in view of lack of economies of scale. It is imperative that continuing improvements in research laboratory protocols be done to bring down the gestation period of TC planting materials from 3 years to one year and address the high contamination rates in the production process. In addition, economies of scale must be considered in choosing at which production level to operate.

Employer Perceptions on Relevant Competencies and Career Readiness of Entry-Level College Graduate Employees in Selected Agribusiness Enterprises and Support Institutions in Laguna, Philippines

Pia Adelie M. Mortel,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Jewel Joanna S. Cabardo,Nohreen Ethel P. Manipol,Rachelle A. Mariano The International Academy of Global Business and T 2017 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.13 No.2

With agribusiness as one of the five priority areas of today’s government (Romualdez, 2017), identifying the competency needs of the industry and developing a matching workforce is important for development. However, few similar studies regarding agribusiness competencies have been done in a Philippine setting. Thus, this study provided insights on employer perceptions on relevant competencies and career readiness of entry-level college graduate employees participating in agribusiness/support institutions in Laguna, Philippines. Non-random sampling was conducted depending on the availability of employer-respondents. A list of agribusiness-related enterprises and support institutions was collated from primary data (list provided by local government units and site visits of select areas in the province of Laguna, Philippines) and secondary data (web searches and referrals). Out of the 94 contacted, a total of 51 employers in Laguna province (41 businesses and 10 institutions) participated in the study, primarily through self-administered questionnaires. Fifty-two entry-level employees in different job fields were grouped by degree and university for analysis. Twenty-two competencies derived by Miller et al. (2005) from previous studies were used for the evaluation. A Likert-scale was used to express an employer’s perceived level of importance, expectation, and performance for the competencies. Descriptive statistics such as median, quartile and interquartile ranges, cross-tabulations, chi-square test of association, and Cramer’s V for strength of association were used to analyze the given ratings. Findings revealed that communication-based competencies and technical competencies (agriculture/business-specific knowledges) remain the top relevant competencies in agribusiness. External factors are associated with the emergence of new competencies (such as globalization and computer technology-related skills) becoming increasingly important in agribusiness. Entry-level college graduates were mostly rated to be proficient and career ready; however, there are competencies such as negotiation (N-UPLB graduates with ABM degree) and interdependence of business functions (UPLB graduates with N-ABM degree) where further training is needed. Thus, students and professors of educational institutions may have to align their learning and teaching, respectively, in order to address lacking or underdeveloped competencies for better employability.

Disaggregating the Coffee Supply Chain Network in Benguet, Philippines

Dia Noelle F. Velasco,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Loida E. Mojica,Jimmy B. Williams The International Academy of Global Business and T 2016 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.12 No.1

Baguio City and the municipality of La Trinidad are the centers of coffee trading in Benguet and the Cordillera Region in the Philippines. The study examines the coffee supply chain network in both places while providing an overview of the global, national, and local coffee industry, explaining the relationships among the players in the supply chain network at the disaggregate level, determining the issues, weaknesses, and gaps, and offering recommendations for each supply chain and the entire network. Methodologies employed were key informant interviews of farmers, traders and coffee shop operators, visual observations and secondary data gathering, and descriptive analysis. Findings reveal that Benguet coffee supply chains have a complex and complicated networks of chain participants, interactions, and relationships. Seven supply chains which comprise the whole supply chain network in the area were identified with varying degrees of relational ties. Recommended interventions include developing road networks in the area, providing good quality planting materials, and utilizing financing products or schemes that are friendly to chain participants. Some investment entry points at the network level are the establishment of a coffee institute or center and coffee processing and/or warehousing or storage facilities.

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention and Behavior among the Indigenous Farming Community in Mountain Province, Philippines

Hanna A,Canillo,Jeanette Angeline B,Madamba,James Roldan S,Reyes,Normito R,Zapata,Jr,Agnes T,Banzon 한국무역연구원 2020 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.16 No.1

Purpose – With the shift of the Philippine economy towards an agribusiness-driven sector from mere production-oriented farming, indigenous people have been encouraged to engage in entrepreneurship as it is seen as a means to improve their socio-economic status and their community. This study attempted to fill the gap in indigenous entrepreneurship research as it delved on the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and behavior in an indigenous rice farming community in the northern Philippines. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study assessed the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention and behavior among indigenous rice farmers in Bun-ayan, Sabangan, Mountain Province, Philippines by analyzing the entrepreneurial indicators and predictors through correlation and multiple regression analysis of responses from 74 indigenous rice farmers. Findings – Among all the entrepreneurship predictors in this research, age, educational attainment, years in farming, occupation of the farmer’s father and mother, entrepreneurial inclination, entrepreneurial role model, entrepreneurial education, personal attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were significantly related to entrepreneurial intention. Among the significant variables extracted from the correlation analysis, the following factors affecting entrepreneurial intention and behavior are age, father’s occupation and entrepreneurial inclination. Furthermore, it was found that socio-demographic factors and entrepreneurial inclination determine the intention of indigenous rice farmers to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The Theory of Planned Behavior indicators become insignificant when other predictors are incorporated with it. Research Implications – Though there is evidence of a high level of entrepreneurial intention among the indigenous farming community, challenges pertinent to culture preservation vis-a-vis the indigenous farming community’s capacity to translate such intention into entrepreneurial behavior need to be addressed.

Decision Factors in Organic Vegetable Farming in Selected Areas of Luzon, Philippines

Loida E. Mojica,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Rodolfo R. Sabado. Jr. 한국무역연구원 2010 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.6 No.2

Organic farming has been touted as a way to address the alarming rate of environmental degradation and changing health lifestyles of consumers the world over. This exploratory study attempted to identify the decision factors in organic vegetable farming; specifically, the motivators of vegetable farmers for engaging in and sustaining organic farms. This study also sought to determine the motivators and constraints in shifting from organic farming to conventional farming. Results showed that personal and philosophical factors and environmental factors essentially served as motivators for vegetable farmers to go into organic farming while economic and business factors figured prominently as motivators for organic vegetable farmers to sustain operations. No dominant motivating factors were noted for potential shifters to organic vegetable farming in view of numerous constraints such as the lack of awareness and information on organic farming technology, lack of financing, lack of sources of organic fertilizer, need for additional labor, land and soil-related constraints and lack of post-harvest handling facilities. Recommendations to mitigate these constraints included the provision of financial support at the start-up and implementation phases of organic farming and mentoring by established organic vegetable producers.