Activity of Allyl Isothiocyanate and Its Synergy with Fluconazole against Candida albicans Biofilms

( Jayant Shankar Raut ),( Bhagyashree Shridhar Bansode ),( Ashwini Khanderao Jadhav ),( Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.4

Candidiasis involving the biofilms of Candida albicans is a threat to immunocompromised patients. Candida biofilms are intrinsically resistant to the antifungal drugs and hence novel treatment strategies are desired. The study intended to evaluate the anti-Candida activity of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) alone and with fluconazole (FLC), particularly against the biofilms. Results revealed the concentration-dependent activity of AITC against the planktonic growth and virulence factors of C. albicans. Significant (p <0.05) inhibition of the biofilms was evident at ≤1 mg/ml concentrations of AITC. Notably, a combination of 0.004 mg/ml of FLC and 0.125 mg/ml of AITC prevented the biofilm formation. Similarly, the preformed biofilms were significantly (p <0.05) inhibited by the AITC-FLC combination. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 0.132 to 0.312 indicated the synergistic activity of AITC and FLC against the biofilm formation and the preformed biofilms. No hemolytic activity at the biofilm inhibitory concentrations of AITC and the AITC-FLC combination suggested the absence of cytotoxic effects. The recognizable synergy between AITC and FLC offers a potential therapeutic strategy against biofilm-associated Candida infections.

Phenylpropanoids of Plant Origin as Inhibitors of Biofilm Formation by Candida albicans

( Jayant Shankar Raut ),( Ravikumar Bapurao Shinde ),( Nitin Mahendra Chauhan ),( Sankunny Mohan Karuppayi ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.9

Biofilm-related infections of Candida albicans are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, especially those with immunocompromised status. Options of the antifungal drugs available for successful treatment of drug-resistant biofilms are very few, and as such, new strategies need to be explored against them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of phenylpropanoids of plant origin against planktonic cells, important virulence factors, and biofilm forms of C. albicans. Standard susceptibility testing protocol was used to evaluate the activities of 13 phenylpropanoids against planktonic growth. Their effects on adhesion and yeast-to-hyphae morphogenesis were studied in microplate-based methodologies. An in vitro biofilm model analyzed the phenylpropanoid-mediated prevention of biofilm development and mature biofilms using XTT-metabolic assay, crystal violet assay, and light microscopy. Six molecules exhibited fungistatic activity at ≤0.5 mg/ml, of which four were fungicidal at low concentrations. Seven phenylpropanoids inhibited yeast-to-hyphae transition at low concentrations (0.031-0.5 mg/ml), whereas adhesion to the solid substrate was prevented in the range of 0.5-2 mg/ml. Treatment with ≤0.5 mg/ml concentrations of at least six small molecules resulted in significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of biofilm formation by C. albicans. Mature biofilms that are highly resistant to antifungal drugs were susceptible to low concentrations of 4 of the 13 molecules. This study revealed phenylpropanoids of plant origin as promising candidates to devise preventive strategies against drug-resistant biofilms of C. albicans.

Spatial and Temporal Variations of PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>-Bound Trace Elements over Seosan and Seoul, and Their Potential Health Risks

Jayant Nirmalkar,Kwangyul Lee,Junyoung Ahn,Mijung Song 한국대기환경학회 2022 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

The Prevalence of Os Acromiale in Korean Patients Visiting Shoulder Clinic

Jayant Kumar,박원하,Seung-Ho Kim,이현일,유재철 대한정형외과학회 2013 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.5 No.3

Background: The prevalence of os acromiale has been documented to be between 1% and 15% and is known to be clinically associated with subacromial impingement or rotator cuff tear. However, the prevalence of os acromiale in Korea has not yet been determined. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of os acromiale in Korean patients who visited shoulder clinics and to investigate the correlations with rotator cuff tear. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the X-rays of patients visiting a shoulder clinic at a tertiary hospital in Korea from January 2011 to January 2012 to determine the frequency of os acromiale. X-ray findings were confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for patients who had these images available. MRI was also used to assess the status of the rotator cuff. The correlation between the presence of os acromiale either with gender, hand dominance or rotator cuff tear was analyzed statistically. Results: A total of 2,946 shoulders from 1,568 patients were analyzed with X-rays. Thirteen cases out of 1,568 patients had an os acromiale; and there were five and eight cases of pre-acromiale and meso-acromiale, respectively. Thus, the prevalence of os acromiale in this study population was found to be 0.7 (7 cases per 1,000 patients). Bilaterality was found in two cases. Os acromiale was not more frequent according to gender (five males versus eight females, p = 0.525) and hand dominance was not associated with frequency of os acromiale (seven dominant arms versus six non-dominant arms, p = 0.631). A sub-analysis of shoulders with available MRIs (1,074 shoulders) revealed that there were two rotator cuff tears (40%) out of five cases of os acromiale, whereas 607 rotator cuff tears were observed (57%) among 1069 cases without os acromiale. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.656). Conclusions: The identified prevalence of os acromiale in Korean patients who visited shoulder clinics is 0.7%, which is much lower as compared with the prevalence of general population from other ethnic groups. No correlation was observed between rotator cuff tears and os acromiale in this study population.

1SC-2 Novel Photo-micromachining of Polymers for Photonics

(Jayant Kumar),(Sukant Tripathy),김동유 한국공업화학회 1999 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1999 No.1

N/A

Improved Survival of Cervical Cancer Patients in a Screened Population in Rural India

Jayant, Kasturi,Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy,Thorat, Ranjit V,Muwonge, Richard,Hingmire, Sanjay J,Panse, Nandkumar S,Shastri, Surendra S,Malvi, Sylla G,Nene, Bhagwan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.11

Objectives: To describe the survival experience of cervix cancer patients in a screened rural population in India. Methods: Included 558 cervical cancer patients diagnosed in 2000-2013 in a cohort of 100,258 women invited for screening during 2000-2003. The primary end point was death from cervical cancer. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate cumulative observed survival and Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the effect of patient characteristics on survival after diagnosis. Results: Of the 558 cases included, 143 (26%) and 114 (20%) were diagnosed in stages IA and IB respectively; 252 (45.2%) were dead, and 306 (54.8%) were alive at the last follow-up. The overall 5-year observed survival was 60.5%. The 5-year survival of stage IA patients was 95.1% and 5.3% for stage IV patients. All surgically treated stage IA patients, 94.1% of stage IB patients receiving intracavitary radiotherapy, 62% of stage IIB, 49% of stage III and 25% of stage IV patients receiving radiotherapy survived for 5 years. Conclusion: Higher 5-year survival in our study than elsewhere in India is due to the high proportion of early stage cancers detected by screening combined with adequate treatment, resulting into a favourable prognosis.

Regional Trading Agreements and Intra-industry Trade

( Jayant Menon ),( Peter B. Dixon ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1996 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.11 No.1

Do Regional Trading Agreements (RTAs) promote intra-industry trade (IIT)? In attempting to answer this question, previous researchers have looked at two issues: (i) whether IIT has increased following the formation of the RTA, and (ii) whether IIT is more important in intra versus extra RTA trade. To answer the first question, researchers have used movements in the value of the Grubel and Lloyd (1975, GL) index over time, while the second has been dealt with by comparing the value of the CL index for intra versus extra RTA trade. Employing the CL index in these ways to answer these questions can lead to error In this paper, we develop a new methodology for analyzing both of these questions which overcomes this problem. First, we derive a formula which decomposes the growth in total trade (TT) into the contributions of growth in IIT and net trade (NT). Second, we show how to measure the contribution of inira and extra RTA trade to the growth in a country`s total multilat eral IIT and NT. These formulas are employed to examine the effects of the Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trading Agreement (ANZCERTA) on Australian and New Zealand trade.

Photodynamic Therapy in Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma: Not for the Uncommitted

Jayant P. Talreja,Marisa DeGaetani,Kristi Ellen,Timothy Schmitt,Monica Gaidhane,Michel Kahaleh 대한소화기내시경학회 2013 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.46 No.4

Background/Aims: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma has been associated with improved survival. We report a single tertiary care center experience over the past 6 years. Methods: Fifty-five patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma received PDT between 2004 and 2010. Plastic stents were placed after PDT to prevent cholangitis. Results: Twenty-seven patients (49%) showed Bismuth type IV, 22 (41%) showed Bismuth type III, and six (10 %) showed Bismuth type I and II. Twenty patients (37%) received chemotherapy and radiation therapy, five (9%) received chemotherapy only; and one (2%) received radiation therapy only. Mean number of PDT sessions was 1.9±1.5 sessions (range, 1 to 9). Mean survival duration was 293±266 days (median 190; range, 25 to 1,332). PDT related complications included three (5%) facial burn, three (5%) photosensitivity, and two (3%) rash. Kaplan-Meier analysis comparing the survival means of patients who received PDT and chemotherapy/radiation therapy (median survival 257 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 166 to 528) versus who received PDT only (median survival 183 days; 95% CI, 129 to 224) showed no significant difference (log-rank p=0.20). Conclusions: PDT has a measurable impact on survival in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma but requires aggressive stenting post therapy.

Thermal Barrier Coatings—A State of the Art Review

Jayant Gopal Thakare,Chandan Pandey,M. M. Mahapatra,R. S. Mulik 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have seen considerable advancement since the initial testing and development of thermalspray coating. Thermal barrier coatings are currently been utilized in various engineering areas which include internal combustion engines, gas turbine blades of jet engines, pyrochemical reprocessing units and many more. The development of newmaterials, deposition techniques is targeted at improving the life of the underlying substrate. Hence, the performance of thecoating plays a vital role in improving the life of substrate. The scope for advancement in thermal barrier coatings is veryhigh and continuous eforts are being made to produce improved and durable coatings. Thermal barrier coatings have thepotential to address long term and short-term problems in gas turbine, internal combustion and power generation industry. The study of thermal barrier coating material, performance and life estimation is a critical factor that should be understood tointroduce any advancement. The present review gives an overview of the thermal spraying techniques and current advancements in materials, mechanical properties, understanding the high temperature performance, residual stress in the coating,understanding the failure mechanisms and life prediction models for coatings.

The Prevalence of Os Acromiale in Korean Patients Visiting Shoulder Clinic

Jayant Kumar,Won Ha Park,Seung-Ho Kim,Hyunil Lee,Yong Bok Park,Ho Young Ryu,Jin Ho Hong,Jae Chul Yoo 대한견주관절의학회 2014 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.3