UAV와 Echo Sounder 취득 자료의 비교를 통한 저수지 하상의 공간 보간별 정확도 분석

노태호 ( Tae-ho¸ Roh ) 한국지리정보학회 2020 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.23 No.3

흐르는 물을 저장하여 공업, 농업, 상수도, 수력발전 등의 다양한 이용과 관광자원으로도 활용할 수 있는 저수지는 중요한 사회기반시설중의 하나이다. 그러므로 저수지의 유지관리는 행정 및 기술적 방안들을 동원하여 관리주체별로 정기적으로 수행되며, 저수지의 유지관리를 위해서는 저수지 하상 파악이 우선적이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 비교적 신뢰가 높은 Echo sounder를 이용한 방류전의 저수지 수심 측량과 방류후의 저수지 지형 측량을 UAV에 의하여 실시하였다. 그리고 수심 측량 자료를 Inverse Distance Weighting 보간, Kriging 보간, Minimum curvature 보간, Radial basis function 보간 등의 공간 보간별로 저수지의 내용적을 산출하여 UAV에 의한 방류 후 내용적 및 단면적을 비교 분석함으로 다음과 같은 결과를 알 수 있었다. 첫째, UAV에 의한 지형자료와 Echo sounder에 의한 수심 자료를 공간 보간 기법별 적용 결과 Kriging 보간이 약 97%의 저수지 내용적 정확도를 확인 할 수 있었다. 둘째, 저수지 하상의 형상 비교를 위하여 검토 단면 설정 후 지형 선형과 보간별 선형의 상이 면적차를 비교한 결과 Kriging 보간이 최소 단면적 차이를 보임으로 지형 선형과의 가장 유사 형상임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 Echo sounder에 의해 취득된 수심 자료로 저수지 하상의 최적 모델링 구축시 저수지의 효율적 유지관리에 기초적 자료 제공이 가능하리라 판단된다. Reservoir is an important infrastructure of our society because it can store immense amount of water for various usages - manufacturing, agriculture, drinking, power generation, tourism etc. For maintenance of reservoir, various efforts in administrative and technological aspects are periodically conducted and monitoring the conditions of reservoir bed is the first priority for maintenance of reservoir. To check the conditions of reservoir bed, we measured depth of reservoir by using echo sounder, which is relatively reliable, prior to discharging of stored water and surveyed topography of reservoir by using UAV after discharging of water. Then, we conducted interpolation of measured depth of water by means of inverse distance weighting interpolation, Kriging interpolation, minimum curvature interpolation and radial basis function interpolation and calculated the volume of reservoir for each interpolation method. We compared the calculated volume of reservoir with the volume of water calculated by UAV after discharging of water and found the following results: First, as results of the above processes, we found that the Kriging interpolation was 97% correct in measurement of the volume of reservoir. Second, as results of comparison of differences between topographical areas and interpolated areas after selection of cross section for comparison, Kriging interpolation was found to have the most similar configuration with the topographical configuration by showing the least difference in the area of cross section. Therefore, it is determined that the optimal modeling of reservoir bed with the water depth data measured by echo sounder shall provide basic information for efficient maintenance of reservoir.

경찰공무원의 건강체력 실태

노성규,손호중,고성은,엄경일,권호준 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 2003 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.26

The purpose of this study is to suggest basic data to make out the program about the health and promotion of physical fitness. So, we measured the status of the present police officers physical fitness through measuring their height, weight, %body fat, and healthy physical fitness and through comparing it with popular physical fitness survey data in an age. The conclusion that compared and analyzed the measuring result of the height, weight, and the element of healthy physical fitness of 143 police officers in G province is following First, Their height, weight, board jumping and VO2max is seemed to be high as compared with the standard. Second, %Body fat is closely similar with the standard. Third, The flexibility and sit-up is seemed to standard below By this time, it is true that the study of the superiority players evaluation of physical fitness is developing in our country. But, the study of the physical fitness evaluation about non-player, that is general person has been neglected in korea. So, it is not very enough the study and developing program for the improving the general person's physical fitness. Therefore, It should make the spacial study of the various physical fitness of korean in an occupation, a sex and age. And then, the special exercise program that can satisfy the various needs of today 'men is needed. Also, it should make the vertical study for the improvement of physical strength in vocational classification. Also, the government and office should invest institutional effort to help the police officer' health and welfare. Police officers also have to learn themselves the efficient and continuous exercise habit to be happy with health in considering their own physical condition. And then, the prescription of the exercise program about the result must come with.

지침 등을 통한 노동관계 개입에 관한 검토

노호창 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2017 法學論集 Vol.21 No.4

국민의 권리와 의무에 관한 모든 사항을 법률로 정할 수는 없기에 행정입법이 널리 활용되고 있다. 행정입법은 상위 법령의 위임을 받아서 제정되기도 하지만, 행정청 내부의 사무처리를 위해서 특별히 위임을 받지 않고 행정규칙의 범주에서 제정되어 활용되기도 한다. 그런데 문제는 행정규칙의 형태로 혹은 행정해석의 형태로 각종 지침 등이 법적 근거, 법적 성격, 제정권한 등이 불분명한 상태에서 임의로 제정되어 행정처분을 매개로 하지 않고 비공식적 행정작용의 형태로 국민의 권리와 의무에 영향을 미치고 있다는 점이다. 이는 특히 노동관계에서도 마찬가지로 발생하고있다. 고용노동부는 특별한 통제 없이 내부적으로 행정규칙의 형태로 다수의 지침 등을 제정하여 기업현장에 배포하고 있는데, 때로는 행정해석의 방식으로 때로는 행정지도의 방식으로 노동관계에 개입하여 노사 당사자에게 영향을 미치고 있다. 이때 이러한 지침 등은 그 법적 성격이 행정규칙인지 아닌지도 불분명한 상태에서 내부적으로 제정되어 외부로 공개되는데, 때로는 법령이나 판례와는 다른 내용을 지니고 있기도 하고 때로는 고용노동부의 권한 범위를 넘는 것으로 보이는 내용도 발견되는데, 특히 사업주가 고용노동부의 이러한 지침 등에 따라서 인사관리 기타 노사관계에 대응하고 있어서 노동관계에 왜곡이 발생하거나 불필요한 노동분쟁을 발생시키기도 해서 문제가 되고 있다. 특히 최근의 소위 공정인사지침, 취업규칙해석지침 등은 많은 논란을 제기하였다. 행정기관이라고 해서 법령에 대한 해석의 권한이 없는 것은 아니지만 지침 등으로 어느 정도의 범위에서 견해 표명을 할 수 있을 것인가 그밖에 문제점이 발견된 지침 등에 대한 대응 방법은 무엇인가를 고민하지 않을 수 없기에 본 논문에서는 지침 등을 통한 노동관계 개입과 관련하여 지침 등의 문제점과 한계 그밖에 통제방안에 대해 검토하였다. Today, administration is becoming more and more complex, specialized and technologized, therefore administrative rulemaking cannot be denied. Administrative rulemaking can cope with the rapid changes in administrative phenomena in modern countries. Administrative ministries have the authority to enact ministerial ordinances. In addition to that, ministries may enact and revise internal regulations necessary for the enforcement of jurisdictional Acts and its interpretation standards of relevant Acts and subordinate statutes. This is the same for the Ministry of Employment and Labor (hereinafter referred to as MOEL). MOEL, as one of the central administrative ministries, enacts the enforcement regulations, namely, ministerial ordinances of each Act under the delegation of the Acts related to labor law. In addition, MOEL enacts and implements a number of regulations under various names such as ‘guidelines, examples, instructions, directives, rules, bulletins, manuals and the like’ (hereinafter collectively referred to as ‘guidelines’) for establishing criteria for internal affairs treatments, administrative supervisions, and administrative guidance. There are even hundreds of guidelines that are currently being implemented in the area of labor-management. Among the guidelines, there are administrative rules for the enforcement of Acts and subordinate statutes, or the treatments of internal affairs, but there are also many whose legal basis and legal character are not clear. Generally, guidelines belong to administrative rules, but there are also guidelines those are not administrative rules. For example, the ｢Guidelines for the Calculation of Normal Wages｣, ｢Guidelines for the Interpretation and Operation of Work Rules｣, and the ｢Manual of Affairs for Collective Labor Relations｣ were enacted without specific legal grounds and distributed to the labor-management parties in the name of administrative guidance. These guidelines have an influence on labor-management parties, and leads to an impact on labor relations. This is especially true because employers rely on the guidelines by applying them to workers to operate their businesses. These are enacted just by inside of MOEL, but not administrative rules. It is because these guidelines are neither for the treatments of internal affairs, nor for the enforcement of Acts and subordinate statutes. If the Acts and subordinate statutes don’t grant any authority to the Minister of Employment and Labor or public officials, then there will be no affairs to be carried out by them. Even in this case, guidelines are also created. These guidelines do not basically impose a certain duty to do or not to do something on a particular person, but they may induce him/her to act in accordance with the expectation of the administrative agencies by influencing the formation of his/her intention. This type of administration function belongs to an informal administration action. This kind of informal administration action is enforced to labor-management parties especially in the name of administrative guidance. In other words, MOEL distributes these guidelines to the workplace and instructs labor-management parties to follow them. Besides that, MOEL provides administrative guidance to labor-management parties for implementation of them. The guidelines are not administrative disposition, but just informal administrative action. They have neither legal grounds, nor legal binding force. Nevertheless, it is almost impossible for employers to ignore them and run a business. It is because MOEL has a superior power relationship with employers, in other words, in effect compulsory. By the way, if its contents are different from Acts or Precedents, labor relations can be distorted. In addition, it is very difficult to file lawsuits against the guidelines themselves, because there exists just informal administrative action without administrative disposition, consequently, there is almost no possibility to take remedies through administrative appeals or litigations. If the government uses the guidelines with an intention to make labor relations flow to a certain direction, labor relations distortion can be more facilitated. Nevertheless, why the guidelines are still enacted and implemented? After the collapse of the industrial structure during the Japanese Colonial Period and the Korean War, South Korea’s (hereafter, Korea) industrialization was pursued for economic development under the dictatorship regime from the 1960s to the 1980s. In this process, labor relations were not autonomously established, but formed by government’s orientation. The oppression of labor-management autonomy was carried out in a way of suppressing the labor movement under the name of national reconstruction and economic development. Anyway, Korea's present economy grew amazingly through development dictatorship. Nevertheless, there seems to be an intention of the government to intervene in labor relations and to form the order of labor relations in a certain direction. However, the way to achieve such a goal has been refined in a way through administrative rulemaking such as guidelines. It is not appropriate for the government to actively engage in labor relations, which are basically civil relations. It seems that the role of the government has to be such as to enforce labor inspection for employers who do not comply with basic labor standards, to create jobs, to make an environment for labor-management autonomy, and to activate industries. It would be interesting to examine the legal issues on the government intervention in labor relations through guidelines in the perspective of what is the role of the state.

안보에 관한 브라질의 법제도와 정책적 대응 등에 관한 연구

노호창 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2018 法學論集 Vol.22 No.4

본 연구는 다음의 두 가지 관점에서 시도되었다. 첫째, 비교법 연구의 지평을 보다 넓혀보자는 시도이다. 브라질은 대륙법 체계 국가이고 유럽 이민에 의해 성장한 국가이면서 남미의 맹주이기도 하지만 여러 사정으로 인해 기존에 법적인 측면에서의 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않은 국가라는 측면에서 비교법 연구의 지평을 넓혀보기에 적합하다고 보기 때문이다. 둘째, 브라질에 있어서의 안보에 관한 법제도적 및 정책적 연구를 시도하고자 한다. 안보라는 세계 각국의 공통적인 중요 사안을 매개로 하여, 우리나라와는 외형적으로 여러 측면에서 차이점이 있지만 동시에 식민지, 신분제, 독립, 전쟁, 군부독재, 민주화 등 현대사의 중대한 역사적・정치사회적 경험을 우리나라와 비슷한 시기에 겪어온 브라질을 비교하여 흥미로운 지점들이 있는지 살펴보는 것도 충분히 의미있는 작업일 것이라 예상되었기 때문이다. 안보라는 개념 자체가 모호한 면이 있을 수 있지만, 전통적으로 안보의 개념에 포섭될 수 있는 국방안보, 공공안전 등과 현대 정보화 사회에서 중요하게 부각되는 사이버 안보, 개인정보보호, 산업정책 기타 경제안보 등 몇 가지 측면에서 브라질의 법제도적 및 정책적 대응을 대략적으로 개관해보았다. 전통적 의미의 안보 측면에서 브라질의 특징은 헌법 차원에서 그와 관련된 내용을 상세히 규정하고 있다는 점이다. 이러한 점은 특히 브라질이 전쟁과 군부 독재를 모두 경험하였기에 국가안보라든가 군대라든가 공공안전 등과 관련하여 헌법적 차원에서도 그 중요성이 인식되고 있는 것으로 해석된다. 하지만 그와 동시에 국가방위, 계엄, 군대, 공공안전 등 전통적 안보가 그 실현의 측면에서 필연적으로 드러내게 되는 국민의 기본권 제한 내지 침해의 문제와 관련해서도 세심히 통제하고자 하는 면도 주목된다. 그리고 현대적 안보 부문에 속하는 사이버 안보, 경제안보 등에 대해서는 헌법이나 법률에서보다는 우선 정부나 군 주도로 시대적 상황에 맞춰 정책적 대응을 펴고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 아무래도 현대적 안보 부문에 속하는 세부 분야들이 발전속도가 빠르고 변화양상을 규범이 따라가기는 어렵기 때문일 것이다. 다만, 브라질의 경우 현대적 안보 측면에서 특히 사이버 안보 부문에서는 처음부터 군 주도로 정책적 대응이 이루어져 왔다는 점이 주목되는바, 이는 브라질의 사회적・경제적・역사적 차원의 특수한 사정이 반영되었기 때문에 그러한 것으로 추측된다. In this study, I try to make a legal policy study on national security in Brazil. Although the concept of national security itself may be ambiguous, I have outlined roughly the legal policy responses of Brazil in terms of national security of traditional meaning like national defense and public safety, and that of modern information society like cyber security and economic security. The characteristic of Brazil in terms of national security in the traditional sense is that the Brazilian Constitution stipulates the details related to it. This is particularly interpreted as the reflection of importance of the constitutional aspect of national security, military, and public safety, because Brazil has experienced both war and military dictatorship. At the same time, however, it is noteworthy that Brazil is trying to closely control the fundamental rights infringement which happens in the process of the realization of national security such as national defense, martial law, military, and public safety. The leading responses in cyber security and economic security belonging to national security of modern sector can be seen by the government or the military rather than the constitution or laws. This is probably due to the fact that the details of the modern security sector are so rapid that it is difficult for the law to keep up with the changes. In particular, the fact that the legal policy response to cyber security sector has been performed from the beginning through military leadership probably means the reflection of the special circumstances of social, economic, and regional dimensions in Brazil.

지역경찰의 순찰시스템 발전방안

노호래 동국대학교 2007 사회과학연구 Vol.13 No.2

한국에서 경찰력은 지속적으로 증원되어 왔고, 장비도 더 좋아졌지만 범죄는 계속적으로 증가되어 왔다. 경찰력이 증강됨에 따라 암수범죄가 적발되어 범죄가 증가된 것으로 나타날 수도 있고, 사회에는 일정한 정도의 범죄는 정상적으로 발생할 수 밖에 없다고 보는 학자들도 있다. 경찰력의 강화하는 것도 국가예산을 경찰에 집중투입할 수 없기 때문에 한계가 있다. 경찰인력과 순찰차를 2배로 늘린다든지 하는 것은 현실적으로 불가능하다. 1.5배로 늘린다는 것도 불가능할 것이다. 단순히 어떤 지역에 경찰력을 집중시킨다고 해서 범죄를 예방할 수 있다고 보기보다는 특정한 문제와 지역에 집중하여 투입할 때 즉 “선택과 집중”전략을 적절하게 사용할 때 그 예방효과가 더 클 것으로 생각되어 다음과 같은 발전방안을 제시하고 하고, 근무여건의 개선과 대국민측면의 개선사항을 제시하고자 한다. 첫째로, 지역경찰관은 지역주민의 안전을 유지하고 설계하는 생활안전관리사로서의 역할수행, 가시적이고 집중적인 순찰, 검거율의 제고, 정보기술과 문제지향 경찰활동을 통합을 제시하였다. 둘째로, 근무환경의 개선과 대국민측면의 대안으로 체계적인 업무량분석과 인력배치, 다양한 순찰방법의 모색, 대국민측면의 개선방안을 제시하였다. During the past 40 years or so, Korean society has experienced a drastic social change. Industrialization has taken place with an unprecedented speed and simultaneously population concentration in major urban areas has taken place with a great rapidity as well. crimes has increased dramatically and therefore need for crime prevention has increased greatly. Patrol forces have not been capable of appropriately reacting to these increasing crimes. In recent years, crimes have taken a new character and as a result the conventional patrol system has not been also to properly respond to them. Patrol work involves extensive crime-prevention contact and duties. The methods by which the police patrol their district are as varied as the population and terrain they must protect. Related theories are random area search theory, TAP theory, Displacement theory, Mayonnaise theory. The analysis of the present condition of police patrol system in korea is the present condition of community police organization, field operation, patrol. The alternative policies of police patrol system are deployment of overstaffed personnel at higher level offices to lower levels stations and elimination of unnecessary agencies, Problem-oriented policing, One-man patrol. to improve the quality of policeman engaging in patrol activities, the employment standard for them should be made more rigid. Community officers must cooperate between public and private security, activate community policing. Finally, to enable citizens to live more confortably and freely, study on the above should be continued in the future.

Guillain-Barre^(´) 증후군의 뇌척수액 소견에 관한 연구

노재규,명호진 최신의학사 1984 最新醫學 Vol.27 No.5

경피적 전기 신경 자극 전후에 시행한 H-반사 측정치 변화값의 검사자간 변이

노종래,정호중,,하호성 KOSIN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE 2006 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

Background : This study was designed to research the inter-examiner variability of H-reflex changes by the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Materials and Methods : The H-reflexes were recorded in a healthy subjects by a standardized method of Braddom and Johnson. Electromyelogram was performed on a healhty man by 30 examiners. A healthy man were stimulated by TENS for 20 min. The onset latency, amplitude, and H/M ratio of H-reflex were measured before, and immediately, after TENS. Statistical analysis was done with paired t-test and student t-test of SPSS for windows (version 11.0). Result : Onset latency of H-wave and M-wave was significantly delayed immediately after TENS (p<0.05) but H-amplitude, M-amplitude and H/M ratio was not significantly changed (p>0.05). Onset latency of H-wave showed no inter-examiner bias (p>0.05), but H-amplitude, M-amplitude and M-latency showed inter-examiner bias on repeated test (p<0.05). Conclusion : In the H-reflex measurements, only H-latency showed no inter-examiner bias. These results suggest that H-latency can be used as a experimental value, but not H-amplitude, M-amplitude and M-latency. And H- reflex measurements should optimally be performed by a skilled examiner to minimize the degree of variability associated with different examiner.

스포츠센터 직원들의 의사소통이 직무만족에 미치는 영향

장호성,노동연 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2002 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.12 No.1

An individual person has pursued the realization of his or her goal through an organization. Recently, there has been a tendency to make a study of correlational relationship of communication to other variables including job satisfaction. The purpose of this study was, accordingly, to examine the effect of communication on job satisfaction in sports center. The employees of sports centers in Kyonggi province were selected as a mother group. The subjects in this study were 300 employees who were selected by random sampling form 14 sports centers. And response form 257 subjects were chosen for analysis, except 43 who gave poor responses of weren't surveyed completely. The collected data were handled by reliability analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, scheffe, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The findings of this study were as follows; First, the communication of the sports center employees investigated wasn't different according to personal characteristics, including gender, age, education background, position or career. Second, the job satisfaction of the subjects didn't vary with gender, age, position or career, among personal characteristics. Yet educational background made a difference to job satisfaction. Third, the upward and horizontal communication of the subjects, among communication types, exerted a positive influence on jon satisfaction.

지하 무선 CDMA 망의 전파 측정 및 Micro BTS의 성능 분석

안호중,노재성,조성언,조성준 한국항공대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

지하 무선망에서 CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)시스템의 용량과 품질은 다중 사용자 간섭과 임펄스성 간섭의 영향을 받는다. 그러므로 CDMA 시스템에서는 간섭을 최소화하려는 연구가 필요하다. 최근에는 서비스 영역을 확대하기 위한 방법으로 지하 공간 또는 음영 지역에서 LCX(Leakage Coaxial Cable)가 이용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 지하 무선 CDMA 망의 전파의 세기를 측정하였다. 그리고 측정된 결과를 이용하여 이론적인 Micro BTS의 성능을 분석하였다. 이론적인 BER 해석을 위하여 지하 무선 CDMA 망의 임펄스성 간섭 모델을 제안하고, 측정된 파라미터 값을 이용하여 Micro BTS의 BER 성능을 구하였다. 측정 결과, 지하철이 없을 경우보다 지하철이 운행함에 따라서 임펄스성 간섭이 중대됨을 알 수 있었으며, 단방향 운행보다 양방향 운행에서 임펄스성 간섭이 더욱 증가하였다. 수치 계산을 통하여 임펄스성 간섭의 발생 시간율과 다중 사용자 수에 따라 Micro BTS의 BER 성능이 주로 열화됨을 알 수 있었다. The capacity and quality of CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) system are affected by multi user interference and impulsive interference in the underground wireless network. Therefore, it is essential to minimize the interference in CDMA system. Recently, LCX (Leaxial Cable) is used to expand service area in the underground area or shadow region. In this paper, the propagation of underground wireless CDMA network is measured. And then, using the measured data the theoretical performance of Micro BTS(Base Transmitter Station) is analyzed. For theoretical BER analysis, the impulsive interference model in the underground wireless CDMA network is proposed and the BER performance of Micro BTS is obtained by using the measured data. From the measurement results, it is found that the impulsive interference increases in the presence of passing train than the absence of passing train. Also, it is known that more interference appears in the presence of crossing two way train than in the presence of passing one way directional train. From the numerical results, the BER performance of Micro BTS is to be mainly degraded by the occurrence rate of impulsive interference and the number of multiple users.

생산전략에 의한 기업성과에 관한 실증적 연구

이성호,오영진,박노국 尙志大學校 生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術論叢 Vol.- No.1

The growth and survival of a business depend upon its proper strategic capability against the rapid change in environment. The business that well accommodates the changing environment and properly uses the resources will continue its growth. The problems in accommodating business environment are how to focus the limited corporate strategy on certain point. This study analyzed the performance of corporate and lower level functional strategy to produce the competitiveness of manufacturing company and to recommend the corporate strategic directions from the results. Consequently, business competitiveness depends upon how a business consistently precedes the alternatives of corporate strategy and the focused factory strategy. Therefore, top management should pay attention to the focused factory in product manufacture.