Preparation of Thermo-Responsive and Injectable Hydrogels Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Their Drug Release Behaviors

Ha Dong In,Lee Sang Bong,Chong Moo Sang,Lee Young Moo,Kim So Yeon,Park Young Hoon The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.1

Copolymers composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) were prepared to create temperature-sensitive injectable gels for use in controlled drug delivery applications. Semi-telechelic PNIPAAm, with amino groups at the end of each main chain, was synthesized by radical polymerization using 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (AESH) as the chain transfer agent, and was then grafted onto the carboxyl groups of HA using carbodiimide chemistry. The result of the thermo-optical analysis revealed that the phase transition of the PNIPAAm-grafted HA solution occurred at around 30$\∼$33$^{circ}C$. As the graft yield of PNIPAAm onto the HA backbone increased, the HA-g-PNIPAAm copolymer solution exhibited sharper phase transition. The short chain PNIPAAm-grafted HA ($M_{w}$=6,100) showed a narrower temperature range for optical turbidity changes than the long chain PNIPAAm-grafted HA ($M_{w}$=13,100). PNIPAAm-grafted HA exhibited an increase in viscosity above 35$^{circ}C$, thus allowing the gels to maintain their shape for 24 h after in vivo administration. From the in vitro riboflavin release study, the HA-g-PNIPAAm gel showed a more sustained release behavior when the grafting yield of PNIPAAm onto the HA backbone was increased. In addition, BSA released from the PNIPAAm-g-HA gels showed a maximum concentration in the blood 12 h after being injected into the dorsal surface of a rabbit, followed by a sustained release profile after 60 h.

컴퓨터 법에 있어서의 책임에 관한 연구

鄭鎭世,鄭在晃,方碩皓,河泰勳,李成德,崔鳳哲 홍익대학교 1995 弘大論叢 Vol.27 No.-

This paper, coauthored by Chin-Se Chung, as well as other 5 faculty members at Hong-Ik University Department of Law (Jea-Hwang Jeong, Suk-Ho Bang, Tae-Hoon Ha, Seong-Deog Yi and Bong-Chul Choi), deals with liability issuses surrounding constitutional law, administrative law, civil law (contracts, torts), commercial law, criminal law, international law and philosophy & law. Professor of Law Jea-Hwang Jeong makes a comparative analysis of privacy protection and disclosure of information legal issues, appeared at current Korean law and draft of law in case of the latter one. He suggestes some desirable ways of legislation through revision process and operation of legal rules at his paper. Professor of Law Suk-Ho Bang makes a brief survey of civil liability issues arising out of contracts and torts in English and American law, first. He tries to show that many Parts of arguments in such legal world are attributed to Statute of Frauds tradition, unique to such legal world. New developments in the area of torts, including computer malpractice and computer virus, are shown and analysed in terms of application possibility under our current law. But, as even the Anglo-American courts are found very reluctant to accept those arguments as new grounds for torts liability, it seems more plausible and practicable to refer to contractual approach, basically, rather than to torts approach even under English American law. Professor of Law Chin-Se Chung suggests in his paper on EFT that the allocation of liability under EFT be made under the new and most relevant principle, working for useful transmission way of fund, not solely under traditional legal principles. If such new principle works with high return of risk to users, it makes imminent problems against the goats of consumer protection, and eventually will be hardly refered to. Conversely, if it requires too much sacrifice from the side of banks, then the convenience in such system will not be utilized. So, it may be natural that EFT be discarded even without proper functioning under market system. In conclusion, Professor Chung points out that, only when banks fond that the economy out of cost-saving at tasks outweighs the risk undertaken by the banks, the banks will operate the system. But, if this system makes more return of benefits to the banks with the burden of users, it is against the idea of equity. Consequently, the banks should bear the aggeviated risks in return for the cost saved under this system Professor of Law Tae-Hoon Ha focuses his research paper on criminal liability under EFT. He draws his conclusion out of current criminal statutes that illegal fund transfer under automatic teller machines, cash cards and information system can not be penalized due to lack of proper statutory provision. So, the criminal provision on computer crime, newly made on December of 1995, can be positively appreciated. But, he anticipates that the question whether such new provision will be successful in regulating all illegal activites at fund transfor system without any operation defects in criminal code, or will cause new problem in interpretation of criminal code remains unsolved. Professor of Law Seong-Deog Yi examines the international legal issues which may be given rise to by direct satellite broadcasting. In his paper, the issue of national jurisdiction in relation to direct satellite broadcasting is firstly dealt with. Secondly, the possible ways in which direct satellite broadcasting is regulated by international law are examined with special emphasis of two different approaches, that is, freedom of information approach and state sovereignty approach. In this context, many international conventions concerning direct satellite broadcasting in Particular, and international regulatory regime of outer space in general are broadly reviewed. Thirdly, the types of activities which may be a violation of international legal regime of direct satellite broadcasting are suggested and the possible lethal remedies for these violations are proposed with the traditional international state responsibility law in mind. Professor of Law Bong-Chul Choi explores the relations of computerized society to its laws throughout his paper as a kind of conclusion of this whole paper. Computerized society is one that the technical, scientific, informational knowledge prevails. With correspondence to the structural change in knowledge, the law of such a society has suffered transformation, and the knowledge and techniques distributing and computing legal responsibility has also changed. However, he does not insist that the diffusion of technical knowledge is the sole factor of the transformation of legal responsibility. It is only one of the various factors. Moreover, he does not deny the continuation between the classical techniques distributing legal responsibility and the contemporary ones. In this era, the law realizes fairness and community values at the expense of singularities. In addition, he proposes that legal scholars take the diagnosis of law from the perspective of the technology/knowledge shifts seriously.

브로모크립틴 복용후 발생한 산후뇌혈관병증

하상욱,강성진,김민정,김종국,유봉구,김광수 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.1

Postpartum cerebral angiopathy(PCA) is a rare entity with severe initial features, which usually leads to a good outcome. The mechanism of PCA remains uncertain. It is clear that in the puerperium there is an increased susceptibility to arterial vasospasm and factors related to the hormonal events occurring during pregnancy and puerperium are involved. Vasoconstrictive drug, such as bromocriptine, may also be associated with PCA. We report a patient of PCA following bromocriptine medication, who had previous migraine history.

嶺南地方 全業養豚場의 돼지 繁殖實態 調査

河成珍,金鳳煥 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSI 1984 慶北大農學誌 Vol.2 No.-

A partial and preliminary report of the reproductive performance of swine in the south eastern part of Korea (Youngnam province) during 1983 was given. For the 871 farrowings recorded, the mean litter size at birth was 8.9 and 0.61 piglet per litter was stillborn. Of the total number of piglets born alived, some 15.4 percent never reached the age of weaning, the vast majority succumbing within 3 days of birth. The major factor of piglet death from birth to weaning were diarrhoea (34.6%), crushing(17.4), weak pigs (15.8%), starvation(11.8%) and pneumonia (6.7%).

대학생 의식조사 연구

河奉逵 釜山工業大學校 學生生活硏究所 1994 學生生活硏究 Vol.4 No.-

지방광고주의 광고회사 선정 및 평가에 관한 실증 연구

하봉준,이상훈 한국방송광고공사 2004 광고연구 Vol.0 No.63

낙후된 지방 광고산업의 발전을 위해서는 구조적 요인의 해결과 함께, 광고산업 주체의 자구노력이 병행되어야 한다. 특히 지방광고회사의 발전을 위해서는 지방광고주의 지방광고회사에 대한 인식 및 만족도 제고가 선결과제라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식하에서 지방광고주가 광고회사를 선정하는 기준은 무엇인지, 그리고 지방광고회사를 어떻게 평가하고, 개선점은 무엇이라고 생각하는지 실증적으로 알아보고자 하였다. 부산/울산/경남 지역의 광고주 및 광고회사 종사자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 지방광고주는 광고회사 선택시 거래요인을 중요하게 고려하고, 거래요인 및 비용측면에서 지방광고회사를 높이 평가했다. 그러나 지방광고회사는 광고기획/전략, 마케팅, 리서치, 광고회사의 규모/크기 등 업무 측면이나 외형적 특성에서 낮게 평가되었고, 향후 업무요인에 대한 개선이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 고려할 때, 지방광고회사는 우선적으로 광고기획/전략, 마케팅, IMC, 리서치, 크리에이티브 등 광고 업무와 관련된 서비스의 질을 높이는 데 노력해야 하며, 동시에 기존의 강점 중에서 장기적인 경쟁적 우위가 될 수 있는 지역특성에 대한 이해, 광고주 요구에 대한 정확하고 신속한 반응 등에 대한 강화가 요구된다. The purpose of this study is to make empirical investigation into advertising agency selection and evaluation of the local client for the local agency’s developing plan. The following research questions were formulated for this study. 1. What are mainly considered factors when the local client selects a agency? 2. How is the local agency evaluated in comparison with the agency that is located in Seoul? 3. What should be improved for the development of the local agency? To get the proper answers, a total of 172 persons who have been employed in local agencies and clients located in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam-do are surveyed for this study. T-test, factor analysis and regression analysis were chosen as the appropriate statistical techniques. The main results are: 1. The local client considers transaction and cost more importantly when they selects a agency. 2. The local client estimates that local agency is better than the agency in Seoul about transaction and cost. 3. The local client wants the local agency to improve its own abilities - advertising planning, marketing consulting, IMC, research and creative power.

유전자 재조합 사람 IFN-beta인 제네베타와 베네세린의 생물학적 활성의 비교

하종천,이협준,박봉환,김진숙,유대근,남상윤 전주대학교 자연과학종합연구소 2003 전주대학교 자연과학연구소 학술논문집 Vol.15 No.1

Background: Recombinant IFN-beta products have been approved for the treatment of several diseases. Recently, Inbionet, Co. has successfully developed rhIFN-beta product, Genebeta. This study was performed in a purpose of confirming the biological activity of Genebeta by comparison with another recombinant IFN-beta, Beneserin which was already approved. Methods: In vitro antiporliferative activity, regulation of MHC class I expression, antiviral activity, regulation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity were studied for functional comparison of these two rhIFN-beta products. Results: Proliferation assay data showed that two recombinant IFN-beta inhibited T cell and Daudi cell proliferation to a similar extent. When antiviral activity was compared, there was no significant difference between them. The treatment of these two rhIFN-beta also resulted in a similar level of upregulation of class I expression on the surface of A549 cells. Cytotoxicity experiment against tumor cells revealed that both of rhIFN-beta could enhance NK cell cytotoxicity to comparable level. Conclusion: All comparison data indicated that rhIFN-beta products, Genebeta and Beneserin have comparable potentials as a biological response modifier.

'99 한국 전통주와 떡축제 행사의 평가 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

하봉준 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 1999 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.2

This purpose of this study is to evaluate '99 Korea Traditional Liuor & Cake Festival and propose the way of improvement. The successful development of this festival is important to the economic activation of Kyongju community. The evaluation festival is evaluated to be successful in that about 200,000 persons visited this event and the economic spill-over effects more than 3 billion won were created. But '99 festival revealed various problems in terms of the regional distribution of visitors and the satisfaction about event programs and service. The major conclusions of this study are as follows : First, positive advertising and PR activities need to attract the domestic and foreign tourists beyond Youngnam area. Second, future festival has to select several strategic items and focus on them. Third, the facilities and services for convenience and guide need to be expanded. And positive service mind should be introduced. Finally, the negative recognition as a commercial event need to be removed.

대학선택의 기준 및 영향요인에 관한 연구

하봉준 영산대학교 2000 영산논총 Vol.6 No.-

According as the number of candidates for university is gradually decreasing, there are ongoing necessities for the effective university marketing based on university choosing Behavior. The purpose of this study is to identify the choice criteria of university and influencing factors. The results of surveying 540 freshmen at Youngsan university are as follows. First, the chief criteria in choosing university is achievements, major, distance, university image, and so on. Second, the decision of choosing university is made mainly by students themselves. Finally, the effective information sources of university are magazines for university entrance, PR materials of university, highschool teachers, and so on.

독립협회의 성립과 의회설립운동

하봉규,김경호 釜慶大學校 2000 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

The Dong Nip Hyup Hoe was a political and social association, which was organized for the purpose of modernizing Korea through self-independence of Lee dynasty and independent social reform. They contributed remarkably to the modern political history of korea by adapting western political thoughts widely into the traditional political thoughts which had been based on Confucianism. They asserted that sovereignty lies in people because people are the origin of a nation and the government exists for the benefit of people. They insisted that the Eui Whai Won, a kind of parliament, be established as a political system which would realize the korean people's franchise. They tried to realize their political ideals of the government of the people, by the people and for the people by turning an absolute monarchy into constitutional monarchy with the foundation of the Eui Whai Won Now, we can see that they had political thoughts which were very close to those of democracy. They regarded the people at that time as the objects of enlargement, shoeing their skeptical responses as to the people's ability to get the political power.