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Bonnard, Marc,Eom, Ig-Chun,Morel, Jean-Louis,Vasseur, Paule Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Environmental and molecular mutagenesis Vol.50 No.1
<P>Polluted soil sampled from a former coking plant in Lorraine (France) was studied for its genotoxicity and reproductive effects on the Eisenia fetida earthworm. Genotoxicity was investigated by means of the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay on the coelomocytes of earthworms after 4 and 10 days of exposure to the soil. DNA damage and a decline in the number of coelomocytes extruded from earthworms were observed at coking plant soil concentrations of 20 and 40% (w/w) in ISO soil. These soil concentrations had previously been shown to significantly reduce cocoon and juvenile productions after 28 and 56 days of earthworm exposure, respectively. The results showed that genotoxic pollutants in the tested soil were still bioavailable despite the age of the contaminated soil. Similar values of the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) corresponding to 10% of the contaminated soil and of the lowest soil concentration tested inducing effects (LOEC) corresponding to 20% of the contaminated soil were obtained from reproductive and genotoxicity endpoints. Among the soil pollutants measured, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) appeared to be the most likely source of the genotoxicity recorded, although effects of metals could not be excluded. Measurement of genotoxicity in earthworms could complement the existing standardized tests used in the ecotoxicological assessment of the risk associated with contaminated soils. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Chronic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth and reproductivity of Cyprinus carpio
Ji-eun Kim(김지은),Kyunghwa Park(박경화),Ig-chun Eom(엄익춘),Jae-woo Lee(이재우),Kyung-tae Kim(김경태),Yu-jin Shin(신유진),Mi-kyung Kim(김미경),Hee-jung Kim(김희정),Pilje Kim(김필제),Kyunghee Choi(최경희) 환경독성보건학회 2015 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2015 No.10
Aquatic Toxicity Assessment of Phosphate Compounds
김은주,유선경,노희영,한혜진,백용욱,Ig-Chun Eom,김현미,김필제,최경희 환경독성보건학회 2013 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.28 No.-
Objectives Tricalcium phosphate and calcium hydrogenorthophosphate are high production volume chemicals, mainly used as foodstuff additives, pharmaceuticals, lubricants, synthetic resin, and disinfectants. Phosphate has the potential to cause increased algal growth leading to eutrophication in the aquatic environment. However, there is no adequate information available on risk assessment or acute and chronic toxicity. The aim of this research is to evaluate the toxic potential of phosphate compounds in the aquatic environment. Methods An aquatic toxicity test of phosphate was conducted, and its physico-chemical properties were obtained from a database recommended in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidance manual. An ecotoxicity test using fish,Daphnia, and algae was conducted by the good laboratory practice facility according to the OECD TG guidelines for testing of chemicals, to secure reliable data. Results The results of the ecotoxicity tests of tricalcium phosphate and calcium hydrogenorthophosphate are as follows: In an acute toxicity test with Oryzias latipes, 96 hr 50% lethal concentration (LC50) was >100 (measured:>2.14) mg/L and >100 (measured: >13.5) mg/L, respectively. In the Daphnia test, 48 hr 50% effective concentration (EC50) was >100(measured: >5.35) mg/L and >100 (measured: >2.9) mg/L, respectively. In a growth inhibition test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, 72 hr EC50 was >100 (measured: >1.56)mg/L and >100 (measured: >4.4) mg/L, respectively. Conclusions Based on the results of the ecotoxicity test of phosphate using fish, Daphnia,and algae, L(E)C50 was above 100 mg/L (nominal), indicating no toxicity. In general, the total phosphorus concentration including phosphate in rivers and lakes reaches levels of several ppm, suggesting that phosphate has no toxic effects. However, excessive inflow of phosphate into aquatic ecosystems has the potential to cause eutrophication due to algal growth.
4대강 유역 및 공단지역 환경 중 PFOS 및 PFOA의 잔류수준 비교평가
조천래 ( Chon Rae Cho ),엄익춘 ( Ig Chun Eom ),김은주 ( Eun Ju Kim ),김수진 ( Sue Jin Kim ),최경희 ( Kyung Hee Choi ),조현서 ( Hyeon Seo Cho ),윤준헌 ( Jun Heon Yoon ) 한국환경분석학회 2009 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.12 No.4
PFCs are group of fluorochemicals that have been produced and used for over 50 years for various purpose including soil/stain resistance and surfactant applications. These chemicals were degraded to Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) that were kinds of persistence metabolites. Previous studies showed that these chemicals can be accumulated in various environmental media. In this study, the concentration level of PFOS and PFOA were measured in 59 samples collected from 4 major river watersheds and 6 industrial complex areas in 2006 and 2007. Mean concentration of PFOS in water, sediment and soil were N.D.-1180.0 ng/L, N.D.-9.17 ng/g dry-wt. and N.D.-10.97 ng/g dry-wt. respectively. Mean concentrations of PFOA in water, sediment and soil were N.D.-13850.0 ng/L, N.D.-2.07 ng/g dry-wt. and N.D.-1.04 ng/g drywt., respectively. The concentration of PFOS in water samples were significant difference among river, industrial complex stream and waste water treatment effluent (p<0.05). But PFOA were no significant difference among those samples. These results suggested that concentration of PFOS in water was direct effected by industrial complex activities.
김성희(Sung Hee Kim),이우춘(Woo Chun Lee),김순오(Soon Oh Kim),나소영(So Young Na),김현아(Hyun A Kim),이병태(Byung Tae Lee),이병천(Byoung Cheun Lee),엄익춘(Ig Chun Eom) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.11
최근 들어 나노기술의 발전에 따라 다양한 산업 및 상업분야에서 나노물질의 사용이 급증하고 있다. 이러한 나노물질이 환경에 유출되어 사람의 건강 및 생태계에 악영향을 줄 수 있다는 문제가 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 이에 따라 다양한 환경매질 내에서 나노물질의 거동특성 및 생독성 등에 대한 평가들이 요구되어진다. 이러한 평가들이 진행되기 위해서 필연적으로 다양한 매체 내에서 존재하는 나노물질을 효과적으로 분리하고 이들의 특성을 정량화하는 기술들이 수반되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 나노물질의 분리기술들 중 시료의 교란이 비교적 적고 전처리과정이 단순한 장-흐름 분획기술을 이용한나노물질 분리에 대한 국내외 선행연구들을 살펴보았다. 특히 가장 많이 활용되어온 흐름 장-흐름 분획기를 중심으로 기본원리를 살펴보고 분리대상인 나노물질의 종류에 따라서 지금까지 수행되어온 연구들을 분류하고 분석해 봄으로써 이 분야의 연구자들에게 실제적인 정보를 제공하고자 한다. 장-흐름 분획기를 이용하여 다양한 환경매질로부터 나노물질을 효과적으로 분리하기 위해서 분리대상인 나노물질의 종류와 특성을 고려한 전처리, 적절한 멤브레인과 운반용액의 선택, 흐름조건의 최적화 등이 중요한 것으로 조사되었다. 뿐만 아니라 분리 후 나노물질의 특성을 정량화하기 위해서 다양한 검출기 및 분석기와의 연계가 필수적으로 보인다. 하지만 아직까지 일부 환경매질에만 국한되어 연구가 진행되었으며, 또한 분리대상인 나노물질의 종류도 극히 제한적인 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 이러한 나노물질에 대한 분리 및 측정에 대한 국내 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이며 나노물질 사용량이 급증하고 있는 현실을 고려하면 이 분야에 대한 연구가 절실히 요구된다. Recently, the consumption of nanomaterials has been significantly increased in both industrial and commercial sectors, as a result of steady advancement in the nano-technologies. This ubiquitous use of nanomaterials has brought up the concern that their exposure to environments may cause detrimental effects on human health as well as natural ecosystems, and it is required to characterize their behavior in various environmental media and to evaluate their ecotoxicity. For the sake of accomplishing those assessments, the development of methods to effectively separate them from diverse media and to quantify their properties should be requisitely accompanied. Among a number of separation techniques developed so far, this study focuses on Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) because of its strengths, such as relatively less disturbance of samples and simple pretreatment, and we review overseas and domestic literatures on the separation of nanomaterials using the FFF technique. In particular, researches with Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (FlFFF) are highlighted due to its most frequent application among FFF techniques. The basic principle of the FlFFF is briefly introduced and the studies conducted so far are classified and scrutinized based on the sort of target nanomaterials for the purpose of furnishing practical data and information for the researchers struggling in this field. The literature review suggests that the operational conditions, such as pretreatment, selection of membrane and carrier solution, and rate (velocity) of each flow, should be optimized in order to effectively separate them from various matrices using the FFF technique. Moreover, it seems to be a prerequisite to couple or hyphenate with several detectors and analyzers for quantification of their properties after their separation using the FFF. However, its application has been restricted regarding the types of target nanomaterials and environmental media. Furthermore, domestic literature data on both separation and characterization of nanomaterials are extremely limited. Taking into account the overwhelmingly increasing consumption of nanomaterials, the efforts for the area seem to be greatly urgent.