Effects of Achyranthes Bidentata Polysaccharide on Growth Performance, Immunological, Adrenal, and Somatotropic Responses of Weaned Pigs Challenged with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide

Guo, Guanglun,Liu, Yulan,Fan, Wei,Han, Jie,Hou, Yongqing,Yin, Yulong,Zhu, Huiling,Ding, Binying,Shi, Junxia,Lu, Jing,Wang, Huirong,Chao, Jin,Qu, Yonghua Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.8

A study was conducted with 48 weaned barrows ($28{\pm}3d$, $8.45{\pm}0.14kg$) to determine the effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPS) supplementation on pig performance, immunological, adrenal and somatotropic responses following Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial design; the main factors included diet (supplementation with 0 or 500 mg/kg ABPS) and immunological challenge (LPS or saline). On d 14 and 21 of the trial, pigs were given an intraperitoneal injection with either $100{\mu}g/kg$ BW of LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Blood samples were obtained 3 h after injection for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and immunoglobulin G (IgG). On d 2 after LPS challenge, peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation (PBLP) was measured. LPS administration decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05), had a tendency to decrease average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.10) during both the first and second challenge periods and increased (p<0.05) feed:gain ratio only during the first challenge period. ABPS tended to improve ADG (p<0.10) during the first challenge period, and improved ADG (p<0.05) and tended to improve ADFI (p<0.10) during the second challenge period. ABPS did not affect feed:gain ratio. An interaction (p<0.05) between LPS challenge and diet was observed for the plasma concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and cortisol after both LPS challenges such that, among LPS-treated pigs, pigs fed the ABPS diet were lower for these indices than those receiving the control diet. In contrast, pigs fed the ABPS diet had higher IGF-I (p<0.05) compared with those fed the control diet. No effect of diet, LPS challenge or both on GH and IgG was observed after both LPS administrations. LPS challenge increased PBLP when these cells were incubated with $8{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS during both the challenge periods, and did likewise when incubated with $8{\mu}g/ml$ of concanavalin A only after the first challenge. ABPS had no effect on PBLP. These data demonstrate that ABPS alters the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines following an immunological challenge, which might enable pigs to achieve better performance.

Robust H<SUB>∞</SUB> Control for Uncertain Two-Dimensional Discrete Systems Described by the General Model via Output Feedback Controllers

Huiling Xu,Yun Zou,Shengyuan Xu,Lei Guo 대한전기학회 2008 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.6 No.5

This paper considers the problem of robust H∞ control for uncertain 2-D discrete systems in the General Model via output feedback controllers. The parameter uncertainty is assumed to be norm-bounded. The purpose is the design of output feedback controllers such that the closed-loop system is stable while satisfying a prescribed H∞ performance level. In terms of a linear matrix inequality, a sufficient condition for the solvability of the problem is obtained, and an explicit expression of desired output feedback controllers is given. An example is provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.

Glutamate attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced intestinal barrier injury by regulating corticotropin-releasing factor pathway in weaned pigs

Guo Junjie,Liang Tianzeng,Chen Huifu,Li Xiangen,Ren Xiaorui,Wang Xiuying,Xiao Kan,Zhao Jiangchao,Zhu Huiling,Liu Yulan 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.8

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protection of glutamate (GLU) against the impairment in intestinal barrier function induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stress in weaned pigs. Methods: Twenty-four weaned pigs were divided into four treatments containing: i) nonchallenged control, ii) LPS-challenged control, iii) LPS+1.0% GLU, and iv) LPS+2.0% GLU. On day 28, pigs were treated with LPS or saline. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, and 4 h post-injection. After blood samples collection at 4 h, all pigs were slaughtered, and spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and intestinal samples were obtained. Results: Dietary GLU supplementation inhibited the LPS-induced oxidative stress in pigs, as demonstrated by reduced malondialdehyde level and increased glutathione level in jejunum. Diets supplemented with GLU enhanced villus height, villus height/crypt depth and claudin-1 expression, attenuated intestinal histology and ultrastructure impairment induced by LPS. Moreover, GLU supplementation reversed intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte number decrease and mast cell number increase induced by LPS stress. GLU reduced serum cortisol concentration at 4 h after LPS stress and downregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal corticotropin-releasing factor signal (corticotrophin-releasing factor [CRF], CRF receptor 1 [CRFR1], glucocorticoid receptor, tryptase, nerve growth factor, tyrosine kinase receptor A), and prevented mast cell activation. GLU upregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal transforming growth factor β. Conclusion: These findings indicate that GLU attenuates LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury, which is associated with modulating CRF signaling pathway. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protection of glutamate (GLU) against the impairment in intestinal barrier function induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stress in weaned pigs.Methods: Twenty-four weaned pigs were divided into four treatments containing: i) non-challenged control, ii) LPS-challenged control, iii) LPS+1.0% GLU, and iv) LPS+2.0% GLU. On day 28, pigs were treated with LPS or saline. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, and 4 h post-injection. After blood samples collection at 4 h, all pigs were slaughtered, and spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and intestinal samples were obtained.Results: Dietary GLU supplementation inhibited the LPS-induced oxidative stress in pigs, as demonstrated by reduced malondialdehyde level and increased glutathione level in jejunum. Diets supplemented with GLU enhanced villus height, villus height/crypt depth and claudin-1 expression, attenuated intestinal histology and ultrastructure impairment induced by LPS. Moreover, GLU supplementation reversed intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte number decrease and mast cell number increase induced by LPS stress. GLU reduced serum cortisol concentration at 4 h after LPS stress and downregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal corticotropin-releasing factor signal (corticotrophin-releasing factor [<i>CRF</i>], CRF receptor 1 [<i>CRFR1</i>], glucocorticoid receptor, tryptase, nerve growth factor, tyrosine kinase receptor A), and prevented mast cell activation. GLU upregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal transforming growth factor β.Conclusion: These findings indicate that GLU attenuates LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury, which is associated with modulating CRF signaling pathway.

Effects of Cloud Microphysical Latent Heat on a Heavy Rainstorm in Beijing

Chunwei Guo,Hui Xiao,Huiling Yang,Liang Zhai,Xiangchen Kong 한국기상학회 2019 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.55 No.3

The latent heat produced by cloud microphysical processes can greatly affect the thermal and dynamic structure of the atmosphere, as well as the development and evolution of clouds and precipitation. In this study, to examine the consequences of different kinds of latent heat produced by microphysical processes, four sensitivity tests were conducted based on the control simulation results of a heavy rainstorm occurred in Beijing on 21 July 2012 using theWeather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF).Without the latent heat absorption of evaporation, the convective cloud system developed stronger, and the accumulated precipitation amount increased.Without the latent heat release of deposition, the transit time of the surface front was delayed; in addition, the convective cloud system developed weakly. The accumulated conversion amounts of microphysical processes and the accumulated rainfall amount in the deposition adiabatic test were far less than those in the other tests.Without the latent heat of melting and freezing, the convective cloud system did not change substantially, and there was only a minor effect on precipitation. Hydrometeor production exhibited some changes related to precipitation in the five tests. The latent heat produced by the convective system varied substantially in the five tests with a change in the latent heat budget.

Design of a Wireless Monitoring Network for Granary Temperature and Humidity Based on Zigbee

Jingwei Dong,Huile Li,Yuan Liu,Yanwen Guo,Guanhua Tang 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2014 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.7 No.2

Research on the Distribution and Self-Similarity Characteristic of End-To-End Network Delay

Min Liu,Yanru Xue,Yang Zhao,Huiling Guo 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.3

As an important indicator of evaluating network performance, network delay can reflect the transmission performance of the current path and also the service level provided by the opposite terminal host. In the paper, analysis is first conducted on the composition of network delay; besides, through Ping measuring method, Ping measuring network delay experiment is conducted on different destination hosts of local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN). Besides, the distribution features of network delay as time changes is analyzed, while the influence of data package (in terms of the size) on network delay will be explored in the paper. After the process, the definition, along with the distinguishing method of the self-similarity process is introduced, and self-similarity distinguishing is rendered on network delay through the variance-time plot. According to analysis result, network delay is featured by strong nonlinearity and self-similarity. Compared with LAN, WAN is endowed with higher long-range dependency.