척수손상 후 척수 내 Ionotropic Glutamate 수용기 활성화가 중추 신경병증성 통증 유발에 미치는 영향

곽영섭(Young Seob Gwak),심범(Beom Shim),윤덕미(Duck Mi Yoon),남택상(Taick Sang Nam),백광세(Kwang Se Paik),임중우(Joong Woo Leem) 대한통증학회 2002 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.15 No.1

N/A Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces the development of central neuropathic pain which is characterized by symptoms such as allodynia, hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This study was conducted to see if activation of the glutamatergic system in the spinal dorsal horn is involved in the development of central pain following SCI. Methods: SCI was induced by a hemisection of the spinal cord at T13 in adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats. Mechanical allodynia was tested by measuring paw withdrawal frequency in response to repeated applications of a von Frey hair to the plantar surface of the hind paw. Single neuronal activity of dorsal horn neurons (L4-L6) was recorded extracellularly using a carbon filament-filled glass microelectrode (2-4 Mℓ). The drugs were intrathecally and topically administrated on the spinal surface for behavioral and electrophysisological study, respectively. Results: After left spinal hemisection at T13, behavioral signs of mechanical allodynia developed on both hind limbs and the responsiveness of spinal dorsal horn neurons increased on both sides of the spinal dorsal horn. Ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists including MK-801 (NMDA receptor antagonist) and NBQX (non-NMDA receptor antagonist) suppressed mechanical allodynia and increased responsiveness on both hind paws. Metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist MCPG, however, had no significant effect. Conclusions: These results indicate that activation of the ionotropic, but not metabotropic, glutamatergic system in the spinal cord plays a key role in the development of central pain following SCI.

척추손상으로 유도된 백서의 통각과민 반응에서 항신경성장인자의 복강 내 주입에 의한 통증 완화 효과

곽영섭 ( Young Seob Gwak ),배정윤 ( Jung Yoon Bae ),장준호 ( Jun Ho Jang ),윤덕미 ( Duck Mi Yoon ),남택상 ( Taick Sang Nam ),백광세 ( Kwang Se Paik ),임중우 ( Joong Woo Leem ) 대한통증학회 2003 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.16 No.1

뇌실외 배액 후 출혈한 수아세포종 : 증례보고 Report of 2 Cases

곽호신,정영섭,왕규창,조병규,한대희 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.4

The authors experienced 2 cases of medulloblastoma in which active hemorrhage occurred after external ventricular drainage(EVD). A 5 yeardd girl suffered from cerebellar fit and brain CT Scan showed severe hydrocephalus. So EVD was performed and the pressure was measured about 80cm H2O. After a gradual reduction of EVD pressure for 15 minutes, fresh blood gushed out through the EXD catheter. The other case was a 7 year-old girl whose tumor bled after intraoperative EVD, just before dural incision. Both tumors were highly vascular in operative field. The first case was ;)ed-ridden at 5 months after surgery and the second case was on postoperative chemotherapy in a good general condition with minimal neurological deficits. Previous reports in the literatures including 2 cases of hemorrhage associated with EVD in medulloblastoma were reviewed The relatively high incidence of tumor hemorrhage in medulloblastoma and its detrimental influence on the outcome are emphasized

삼차신경통과 반측 안면 경련에 대한 미세혈관 감압술의 단기성적

곽호신,정천기,김현집,오창환,정영섭,김동규,정희원,최길수,한대희 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.4

The result of microvascular decompression (MVD) in 105 consecutive cases is presented. The symptomatic vasculoneural compressions including tumor, vascular malformation, or aneurysm are excluded in this study group. The 41 patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) were all treated by posterior fossa exploration (PFE). Eighteen of them were treated with MVD only, another 14 with partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR) only, and in the other 9 patients, MVD and PSR were performed together. Sixty-two of 64 hemifacial spasm (HFS) cases were treated succesfully with MVD via PFE. However in one case of which the offending vessel was not identified, neurolysis was camed out. The other case who had both TN and HFS, died due to intraoperative cardiac arrest The result of operation was evaluated at one month after the operation. In TN, among thirty-nine (98%) patients who resulted in pain-improvement, 32 (82%) experienced complete resohition of the pain.,The rate of complete pain-relief was higher in the 'MVD only group' than in 'group with PSR': Amomg 62 (94%) cases of HFS, 29 (47%) patients obtained 'complete cure' and 'improvement-only' respectively only 4 (6%) patients had no change of the spasm. The preoperative clinical characteristics, intraoperative surgical fingdings and postoperative outcomes were itemized and analyzed to find out the prognostic factors. The our results are compared with others in the literature.

척수손상 후 척수 내 GABA 체계의 손실이 중추 신경병증성 통증 유발의 원인이라는 행동학적 및 전기생리학적인 증거

곽영섭,심범,윤덕미,남택상,백광세,임중우 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.42 No.5

Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010에 의한 폴리염화비페닐류의 생분해: 균체 외 효소활성 및 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 영향

홍창영 ( Chang Young Hong ),곽기섭 ( Ki Seob Gwak ),이수연 ( Su Yeon Lee ),김선홍 ( Seon Hong Kim ),정한섭 ( Han Seob Jeong ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2011 목재공학 Vol.39 No.6

본 연구에서는 Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010을 이용하여 폴리염화비페닐류의 생분해와 효소 시스템간의 상관관계에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 폴리염화비페닐 동족체 첨가에 따라 단백질 정량 및 manganese peroxidase (MnP)와 laccase의 활성을 비교하였으며, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase의 저해 정도를 평가함으로써 균체 내 효소가 폴리염화비페닐의 생분해에 끼치는 영향을 규명하였다. 단백질 정량 및 균체 외 효소 활성을 측정해 본 결과, 대조구에 비해 폴리염화비페닐 동족체를 첨가한 실험구에서 단백질 농도 및 효소활성이 더 높게 측정되었다. 단백질 농도의 경우, 2,2`,4,4`,5,5`-hexachlorobiphenyl을 첨가했을 때, 가장 높은 단백질 농도가 측정되었다. 하지만 MnP와 laccase 활성에서는 상대적으로 염소원자가 적게 치환된 2,3`,4`,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl을 첨가한 실험구에서 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase의 저해 정도를 평가한 결과, 2,3`,4`,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl을 첨가한 실험구의 경우, 배양 1일째, 저해제 1-aminobenzotriazole 0.1 mM에서 2.73%의 분해율을 나타냈으며, 저해제 첨가 시 생분해율이 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 2,2`,4,4`,5,5`-hexachlorobiphenyl 역시, 저해제의 존재 하에 20% 내외의 분해율을 보였으며, 이는 대조구에 비해 약 40% 감소한 비율이다. In this study, to determine the ligninase activity related to the PCBs degradation of Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010, the protein contents and manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase activities during cultivation on shallow stationary culture (SSC) medium were observed. 4 PCB congeners were selected depending on the number of chlorine substituted on biphenyl. Furthermore, to examine the effects of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, the inhibition of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was evaluated by measuring the biodegradation rate when inhibitor such as 1-aminobenzotriazole was added. The extracellular protein contents were affected by PCB congeners in culture media. The total protein in the culture medium showed the biggest differences between the samples containing 2,2`,4,4`,5,5`-hexachlorobiphenyl and the control. On the other hand, MnP and laccase activity showed dominant increases within samples containing 4,4`-dichlorobiphenyl and 2,3`,4`,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was inhibited by adding inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole in low concentration. Only 2.73% of 2,3`,4`,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl was degraed on day 1, and biodegradation of 2,2`,4,4`,5,5`-hexachlorobiphenyl was inhibited as well, showing about 20% of biodegradation rate.

Gracile Neurons Contribute to the Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain in Peripheral and Central Neuropathic Models

Kim, Hee Young,Wang, Jigong,Gwak, Young Seob Mary Ann Liebert 2012 JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA - Vol.29 No.16

<P>In the present study, we compared the roles of gracile neurons in mechanically-induced neuropathic pain caused by spinal injury and L5 spinal nerve ligation in rats. Behavioral and electrophysiological methods were used to measure mechanical allodynia in the hindpaws, and excitability of the gracile neurons in the medulla, respectively. In the spinal hemisection and spinal contusion models, mechanical allodynia developed in both hindpaws and lasted over a month. Three weeks following the hemisection, gracile neurons identified as wide-dynamic-range (WDR) and low-threshold (LT) neurons, showed increased neuronal activity to non-noxious mechanical stimuli compared to control groups, whereas the spinal contusion groups did not show evoked activity (*p<0.05). A lesion of the gracile nucleus partially reversed the existing mechanical allodynia in both hindpaws compared to prior to the injury in the hemisection group, whereas the spinal contusion groups did not show significant changes (*p<0.05). In the spinal nerve ligation model, mechanical allodynia developed at the ipsilateral (injured) side of the hindpaw. In addition, WDR neuronal activity at the ipsilateral gracile neurons showed a significant increase with non-noxious mechanical stimuli, whereas the LT neurons did not show significant changes (*p<0.05). Similarly to the hemisection model, a lesion of the gracile nucleus attenuated the mechanical allodynia in spinal nerve ligation models. The present data suggest that gracile neurons contribute to the maintenance of non-noxious mechanically-induced neuropathic pain in both hemisection- and ligation-induced neuropathic pain in rats.</P>

폴리염화비페닐류의 생분해 우수 백색부후균 선발 및 분해율 분석

홍창영 ( Chang Young Hong ),곽기섭 ( Ki Seob Gwak ),이수연 ( Su Yeon Lee ),김선홍 ( Seon Hong Kim ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2010 목재공학 Vol.38 No.6

본 연구에서는 다양한 목재부후균의 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 생분해 가능성을 구명하고자 7종의 백색부후굽을 이용하여 PCB 혼합물 중 가장 운해가 어렵다고 알려진 Arodor 1254와 1260올 대상으로 분해력 이 우수한 목재부후균을 선발하였다 그리고 선발된 목재부후균을 이용하여 GC 분석을 통해 Aroelor 1254 1260~끽 분해율을 조사하였다. 고체배지 저항성 테스트를 통해 우수분해 균주로 선발된 Cystidodontia isubellina 는 다른 균주에 비해 균사생장량의 억제가 가장 적었으며 상대적으로 생장속도도 빠른 특정을 나타냈다 선발된 C. isubellina에 의한 Aroclor 1254와 1260의 분해율 분석 결과. Aroelor 1254배양 13일째 57.57%로 가장 높은 분해율을 y.타냈다 Aroclor 1260 역시 배양일수가 증가함에 따라 분해율 역시 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 배양 13일째 49.43%로, 두 혼합물 모두 기존의 다른 연구에서보다 높은 분해율을 타냈다. In this study, the possibility of biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by various white rot fungi was evaluated, and outstanding white rot fungi for the degradation of PCBs were selected. Seven white rot fungi were used to degrade Aroclor 1254 and 1260, which are widely considered to be toxie and difficult to degrade. And the degradation rates of Aroclors by selected white rot fungi were performed by GC analysis. Through the resistance test of white rot fungi on different concentrations of PCBs, the inhibition of mycelial growth of Cysttdodontia isubellina was much less than that of others and this fungus grew faster than others, relatively. Based on this result, it was considered that C isubellina was selected as degrading fungus for Aroclors. As a result of biodegradation rate of Aroclors by Cystidodontia isubellina, the degradation rate of Aroclor 1254 was reached to 5757% in 13 days, which showed very high degradation rate. Also the degradation rate of Aroclor 1260 by C isubellina had a tendency of increasing along with increasing incubation day. Maximal degradation rate of Aroclor 1260 was 49.43% at 13 days. Based on this results, it indicated that in comparison with a previous study, high degradation rate was obtained by C isubellina.

Biodegradation of PCB congeners by white rot fungus, Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010, and analysis of metabolites.

Hong, Chang-Young,Gwak, Ki-Seob,Lee, Su-Yeon,Kim, Seon-Hong,Lee, Soo-Min,Kwon, Mi,Choi, In-Gyu Marcel Dekker 2012 Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part Vol.47 No.12

<P>Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are difficult to degrade due to poor solubility, toxicity, and thermal stability. In the present study, the feasibility of PCB congener biodegradation by Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010 was evaluated. The biodegradation rates of four PCB congeners, 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, 2,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl were evaluated. The degradation rate of 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl was 34.03% on incubation day 13, while that of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl reached 40.05% on incubation day 17. Therefore, Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010 was degrading the higher PCB congeners more efficiently. PCB congener degradation products were extracted using acetone and ethyl acetate. No 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl metabolites were detected in Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010 culture, whereas 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl appeared to degrade to benzoic acid. However, intermediates of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl were not detected during degradation. Therefore, additional studies should be performed to explore the mechanisms of PCB degradation. Our results indicate that Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010 is able to degrade highly chlorinated biphenyls and has potential for use in PCB biodegradation and bioremediation.</P>

An electrophysiological method for quantifying neuropathic pain behaviors in rats: measurement of hindlimb withdrawal EMG magnitude

Kim, Hee Young,Gwak, Young Seob,Shim, Insop Springer-Verlag 2009 JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.59 No.6