말초신경자극이 동통반응에 미치는 영향

백광세(Paik, Kwang-Se),정진모(Chung, Jin-Mo),남택상(Nam, Taick-Sang),강두희(Kang, Doo-Hee) 대한생리학회 1981 대한생리학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Experiments were conducted in ischemic decerebrate cats to study the effects of electroacupuncture and electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve on pain reaction. Flexion reflex was used as an index of pain. The reflex was elicited by stimulating the sural nerve(20 V, 0.5 msec duration) and recorded as a compound action potential from the nerve innervated to the semitendinosus muscle. Electroacupuncture was performed, using a 23-gauge hyperdermic needle, on the tsusanli point in the lateral upper tibia of the ipsilateral hindlimb. The common peroneal nerve was selected as a peripheral nerve which may be associated with electroacupuncture action, as it runs through the tissue portion under the tsusanli point. Both for electroacupuncture and the stimulation of common peroneal nerve a stimulus of 20 V-intensity, 2 msec-duration and 2 Hz-frequency was applied for 60 min. The results are summerized as follows: 1) The electroacupuncture markedly depressed the flexion reflex; this effect was eliminated by systemic application of naloxone (0.02~0.12 mg/kg), a specific narcotic antagonist. 2) Similarly, the electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve significantly depressed the flexion reflex, the effect being reversed by naloxone. 3) When most of the afferent nerves excluding sural nerve in the ipsilateral hindlimb were cut, the effect of electroacupuncture on the flexion reflex was not observed. Whereas direct stimulation of the common peroneal nerve at the proximal end from the cut resulted in a significant reduction of the flexion reflex, again the effect was reversible by naloxone application. 4) Transection of the spinal cord at the thoracic 12 did not eliminate the effect of peripheral nerve stimulation on the flexion reflex and its reversal by naloxone, although the effect was significantly less than that in the animal with spinal cord intact. These results suggest that: 1) the analgesic effect of an electroacupuncture is directly mediated by the nervous system and involves morphine-like substances in CNS, 2) the site of analgesic action of electroacupuncture resides mainly in the brainstem and in part in the spinal cord.

동측(ipsilateral) 및 대측(contralateral) 말초신경자극이 굴근반사에 미치는 영향의 비교연구

남택상,백광세,강두희,Nam, Taick-Sang,Paik, Kwang-Se,Kang, Doo-Hee 대한생리학회 1983 대한생리학회지 Vol.17 No.2

It is well known that the acupuncture has been used effectively for the relief of certain types of pain. Although the precise mechanism of action of acupuncture analgesia is unknown, it is generally accepted that their analgesic properties are related to the activation of endogenous opiate system in central nervous system. And it is suggested that pain-relieving properties of acupunture may be related to a stimulation of peripheral nerve underlying the acupuncture point on the skin. However, the efficacy of acupuncture has no relationship between the site of pain and the acupuncture point. Consequently, the present study was undertaken to investigate electroacupuncture analgesia in relation to the site of peripheral nerve stimulation. Cats were decerebrated ischemically and the flexion reflex as an index of pain was elicited by stimulating the sural nerve (20V, 0.5 msec duration) and recored as a compound action potential from the nerve innervated to the posterior biceps femoris muscle in the ipsilateral hindlimb. Bilateral common peroneal nerve and contralateral superficial radial nerve were selected as the site of peripheral nerve stimulation. For the stimulation of peripheral nerve, a stimulus of 20 V intensity, 2 msec-duration and 2 Hz-frequency was applied for 60 min respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Both stimulation of contralateral common peronal nerve and contralateral superficial radial nerve did not change the flexion reflex and there were no significant differences between them. 2) Stimulation of ipsilateral common peroneal nerve markedly depress the flexion reflex, the effect being reversed by naloxone application. These results suggest that stimulation of ipsilateral common peroneal nerve has the analgesic effect but both stimulation of contralteral common peroneal nerve and contralateral superficial radial nerve to the pain site where flexion reflex was elicited have no analgesic effect.

인삼추출물이 흥분성세포의 막전압에 미치는 영향

정진모,백광세,남택상,김인교,강두희,Chung, Jin-Mo,Paik, Kwang-Se,Nam, Taick-Sang,Kim, In-Kyo,Kang, Doo-Hee 대한생리학회 1981 대한생리학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Studies have been conducted to test the effect of Ginseng alcohol extract on the membrane potentials of frog skeletal muscle. The gastrocnemius muscle was isolated and placed in a chamber containing the Clark-frog Ringer solution. Membrane potentials were recorded using microelectrodes filled with 3 M KCI and muscle was electrically stimulated to obtain action potential. Changes in both the action potential and the resting membrane potential were observed after adding an appropriate amount of Ginseng alcohol extract in the perfusing Ringer solution. The results obtained from 346 muscle cells are summarized as follows : 1) The average resting membrane potential of the normal frog gastrocnemius muscle cell was -92.8 mV and the peak of the action potential reached at 29.8 mV. 2) Both the resting membrane potential and the peak of the action potential decreased by Ginseng alcohol extract, the effect being proportional to the dose of Ginseng alcohol extract. 3) The resting membrane potential and the peak of the action potential continuously decreased until about 40 min after Ginseng addition and leveled off thereafter. The potentials recovered to its original value after Ginseng was washed out. 4) The resting membrane potential was more sensitive to the Ginseng alcohol extract than was the action potential. These results strongly suggest that Ginseng alcohol extract increases both the $Na^+$ and $K^+$ permeability in the skeletal muscle cell membrane.

신경병증성 통증을 유발한 흰쥐에서 신경손상부위에 따른 배근신경절 및 척수의 신경전달물질의 변동

김희진,김우경,백광세,강복순,Kim Hee-Jin,Kim Woo-Kyung,Paik Kwang-Se,Kang Bok-Soon 대한약리학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.1 No.3

Peripheral nerve injury sometimes leads to neuropathic pain and depletion of calcitonin gene related-peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in the spinal cord. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms for depletion of CGRP and SP following the neurorathic injury are still unknown. This study was performed to see whether the distribution of immunoreactivity for CGRP and SP in the superficial dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia(DRG) was related to the distance between the DRG and injury site. To this aim, we compared two groups of rats; one group was subjected to unilateral inferior and superior caudal trunk transections at the level between the S3 and S4 spinal nerves (S34 group) and the other group at the levels between the S1 and S2, between S2 and S3 and between S3 and S4 spinal nerve (S123 group). The transections in both groups equally eliminated the inputs from the tail to the S1-3 DRG, but the distance from the S1/S2 DRG to the injury site was different between the two groups. Immunostaining with SP and CGRP antibody was done in the S1-S3 spinal cord and DRG of the two groups 1 and 12 weeks after the injury. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The immunoreactivity for CGRP and SP in the ipsilateral superficial dorsal horn and DRG decreased 1 and 12 weeks after neuropathic nerve injury. 2. The immunoreactive area of SP and CGRP in the S1 dorsal horn was smaller in the S123 group than in the S34 group, whereas that in the S3 dorsal horn was not significantly different between the two groups. The number of SP-immunoreactive DRG cells decreased on the neuropathic side as compared to the sham group's in all DRGs of experimental groups except the S1 DRG of the S34 group. These results suggest that the amounts of SP and CGRP in the dorsal horn and DRG following neuropathic injury inversely decrease according to the distance between the DRG and injury site.

Morphine이 굴근반사(Flexion Reflex)에 미치는 영향

정진모(Chung, Jin-Mo),백광세(Paik, Kwang-Se),남택상(Nam, Taick-Sang),김인교(Kim, In-Kyo),강두희(Kang, Doo-Hee) 대한생리학회 1981 대한생리학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Experiments were conducted to test morphine sensitivity of the flexion reflex in the anemic decerebrate cats. Animals were immobilized with gallamine triethiodide(Flxaedil) and were artificially ventilated. The sural nerve was electrically stimulated(20V, 0.5 msec) and the flexion reflex was obtained by recording compound action potentials from the nerve innervated to the semitendinosus muscle. Intravenous injection of morphine (0.5~2.0 mg/kg) was found to have following effects on the flexion reflex. 1) Morphine tended to depress the early component of the flexion reflex and the effect was widely variable between animal preparations. 2) Morphine significantly depressed the late component of the flexion reflex, the effect being proportional to the dose of morphine. 3) The morphine effect on the flexion reflex was reversed by a small dose of naloxone hydrochloride(0.025~0.1 mg/kg). 4) Naloxone hydrochloride alone did not appear to facilitate the flexion reflex. 5) The main site for the morphine action was found to be the brain stem. From these results and those reported in literatures, we conclude that the late component of the flexion reflex well represents the pain sensation, thus the late component of the flexion reflex can be used as a reasonable subjective index of pain in experimental animals.

신경병증성 통증 모델 쥐에서 뇌간 핵의 전기자극이 후각세포의 기계자극에 대한 반응도에 미치는 영향

임중우,최윤,곽영섭,남택상,백광세,Leem Joong-Woo,Choi Yoon,Gwak Young-Seob,Nam Taik-Sang,Paik Kwang-Se 대한약리학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.1 No.3

The aim of the present study is to examine the brainstem sites where the electrical stimulation produces a suppression of dorsal horn neuron responses of neuropathic rats. An experimental neuropathy was induced by a unilateral ligation of L5-L6 spinal nerves of rats. Ten to 15 days after surgery, the spinal cord was exposed and single-unit recording was made on wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the dorsal horn. Neuronal responses to mechanical stimuli applied to somatic receptive fields were examined to see if they were modulated by electrical stimulation of various brainstem sites. Electrical stimulation of periaqueductal gray (PAG), n. raphe magnus (RMg) or n. reticularis gigantocellularis (Gi) significantly suppressed responses of WDR neurons -to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli. Electrical stimulation of other brainstem areas, such as locus coeruleus. (LC) and n. reticularis paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi), produced little or no suppression. Microinjection of morphine into PAG, RMg, or Gi also produced a suppression as similar pattern to the case of electrical stimulation, whereas morphine injection into LC or LPGi exerted no effects. The results suggest that PAG, NRM and Gi are the principle brainstem nuclei involved in the descending inhibitory systems responsible for the control of neuropathic pain. These systems are likely activated by endogenous opioids and exert their inhibitory effect by acting on WDR neurons in the spinal cord.

Complete Freund Adjuvant에 의한 피부염증에서 통각과민현상의 기전

남택상(Taick Sang Nam),백광세(Kwang Se Paik),정용(Yong Jeong),임중우(Joong Woo Leem),정승수(Seung Soo Chung),김윤숙(Yun Suk Kim),윤덕미(Duck Mi Yoon) 대한통증학회 2000 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.13 No.2

N/A Background: After an injury to tissue such as the skin, hyperalgesia develops. Hyperalgesia is characterized by an increase in the magnitude of pain evoked by noxious stimuli. It has been postulated that in the mechanism of hyperalgesia (especially secondary hyperalgesia) and allodynia, a sensitization of central nervous system such as spinal dorsal horn may contribute to development of hyperalgesia. However, the precise mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the roles of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and nitric oxide (NO) system in the mechanism of hyperalgesia, and their relations with c-fos expression. Methods: Inflammation was induced by injection of complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) into unilateral hindpaw of Sprague-Dawley rat. Behavioral studies measuring paw withdrawal responses by von Frey filaments and paw withdrawal latencies by radiant heat stimuli and stainings of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase and c-fos immunoreactivity were performed. The effects of MK-801, an NMDA receptor blocker and Nw-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor were evaluated. Results: 1) Injection of CFA induced mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia. And it increased the number of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons and c-fos expression neurons. 2) MK-801 inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by CFA and reduced the number of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons and c-fos expression neurons. 3) L-NNA inhibited the thermal hyperalgesia and reduced the number of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons, but did not affect the number of c-fos expression neurons. Conclusions: These results suggest that in the mechanism of mechanical hyperalgesia, NMDA receptor but not NO-system is involved and in the case of thermal hyperalgesia both NMDA receptor and NO system are involved. NO system did not affect the expression of c-fos, but c-fos expression and NOS activity were dependent on the activity of NMDA receptor.

공간기억의 습득에 있어서 해마와 두정엽후위의 역할

심범(Beom Shim),임중우(Joong-Woo Leem),남택상(Taick-Sang Nam),백광세(Kwang-Se Paik),이배환(Bae-Hwan Lee),박용구(Yong-Gou Park) 한국인지과학회 1999 인지과학 Vol.10 No.4

흉곽수술을 받은 환자의 최대운동 능력에 관한 연구

김기호 ( Ki Ho Kim ),이원영 ( Won Young Lee ),김형덕 ( Hyung Duk Kim ),박해근 ( Hae Kun Park ),백광세 ( Kwang Se Paik ),홍석기 ( Suk Ki Hong ) 대한내과학회 1972 대한내과학회지 Vol.15 No.6

An Experiment was carried out as follows: a) Control group consisted of 20 young healthy individuals. b) The experiment group consisted of 42 patients who had thoracic surgery; lobectomy 18 cases, thoracoplasty 11 cases, and pneumonectomy 13 cases. c) Meth

신경병증성 통증모델 쥐에서 피부통각수용체의 민감화

심범(Beom Shim),곽영섭(Young Seob Gwak),임중우(Joong Woo Leem),남택상(Taick Sang Nam),백광세(Kwang Se Paik),윤덕미(Duck Mi Yoon) 대한통증학회 2002 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.15 No.1

N/A Background: Peripheral nerve injury leads to neuropathic pain. Although it has been accepted that both peripheral and central processes may play a role in the pathophysiology of these sensory abnormalities, the involvement of peripheral mechanisms is often overlooked. The present study was conducted using neuropathic rats to see if cutaneous were sensitized and developed adrenergic sensitivity after peripheral nerve injury. Methods: Single fiber recording thchnique was to record the neural activity of nociceptive fiber in sural or plantar nerves of control rats and of rats that had previously received the L5-L6 spinal nerve ligation (neuropathic rats).Mechancial and heat thresholds of the recorded fibers were determined using von Frey filaments and thermal stimulators, respectively, which were applied to somatic receptive fields. Responses to supranthreshold mechanical and heat stimuli were also studied. The adrenergic sensitivity of nociceptive fibers was investigated by injecting intra-arterially the a_1-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine. Results: Both mechanical and heat thresholds of nociceptive fibers in neuropathic rats were significantly lowered than those in control rats. In responses to suprathershold stimuli, neuropathic nociceptive heat-suprathreshold response were not significantly different from those of control rats. About 10% of sampled nociceptive fibers in neuropathic rats responded to phenylephrine. Conclusions: The results suggest that nociceptive on the skin supplied by injured nerves are sensitized to both mechanical and heat stimuli, and develop adrenergic sensitivity following peripheral nerve injury. The sensitization and adernergic sensitivity of cutaneous nociceptive may play a role, in part, in the development of neuropathic pain.