Pilot - scale Biological Aerated Filter 에 의한 제지폐수 처리 및 역세조건에 관한 연구

김동진,김건협,유익근 한국화학공학회 1998 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.36 No.6

상향류 방식의 생물막 여과법(BAF)을 제지폐수 처리에 응용하기 위해 하루 처리용량 100톤 규모의 파일롯플랜트를 설계/제작/운전하였다. 발포폴리프로필렌 담체를 미생물 고정 및 여과를 위한 여재로 도입하여 BAF에 충진하였는데, 제작된 BAF 반응기는 각각의 단면적이 1.5㎡인 두 개의 독립적인 폭기 필터로 구성되었으며 총 시스템의 높이는 6m였다. 본 연구의 목적은 BAF의 제지폐수 처리효율과 아울러 시스템 설계에 필요한 최적의 역세척 조건을 찾는 것이어서, 측정지표로 유입폐수/처리수의 COD, SS 농도 및 BAF 필터의 수두손실을 측정하였다. 연속 운전기간동안, 76-80%의 COD 제거효율 및 90-92%의 SS 제거효율이 안정적으로 유지되었으며 empty bed contact time 기준으로 약 0.85 시간까지 유기물 부하를 증가시켰을 때도 처리효율의 감소를 발견할 수 없었다. 역세척 후의 처리수의 soluble COD, SS 농도를 측정했을 때, COD 농도변화는 크지 않은데 비해 SS 농도는 처리직후 급격히 상승하여 처리수질이 악화되었다가 점차 정상상태로 회복되는 경향을 보여주었다. 이와 같이 SS 농도가 변화하는 정도는 역세척수의 선속도에 의존하였는데 빠른 선속도로 역세척하였을 때 SS농도의 변화율이 증가하였다. Pilot plant experiments were carried out to study the steady and unsteady state behaviors of the upflow biological aerated filter(BAF) to remove organics and suspended solids from paper industry wastewater. Expanded polypropylene beads were used as the floating media for biomass attachment and filtration. The BAF pilot plant with a treatment capacity of 100 ton/day comprised two aerated filters which have cross sectional area of 1.5 ㎡ each and total height of 6 m. The COD and SS concentrations of the effluent and the head loss buildup of aerated filters were monitored to evaluate the treatment efficiency and to optimize backwash condition of the BAF system. The removal efficiencies of 76-80 % for COD and 90-92% for SS were kept stable throughout the experiment. There was no significant difference in treatment efficiencies when the organic load increased up to 0.85 hour of empty bed contact time. The analysis of SS concentration of the effluent after periodical backwash showed sharp increase right after backwash and gradual decrease to steady state while soluble COD was maintained nearly constant. The effluent concentrations and the required time intervals to reach steady state after backwashes were dependent on backwash conditions, like superficial linear velocities of backwash water. The higher the linear velocity of backwash water, the larger the deviation of SS concentration from steady state was obtained.

부상식 상향류 생물여과장치 설계에 관한 연구

김동진,김건협,이규현,이용택,차기철 한국화학공학회 1996 NICE Vol.14 No.1

센서 네트워크 보안을 위한 인증 프로토콜 비교 분석

이협건(Hyub-Gun Lee),이경화(Kyoung-Hwa Lee),김재호(Jae-Ho Kim),신용태(Young-Tae Shin) 한국정보과학회 2009 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.36 No.1D

최근 큰 관심을 모으고 있는 센서 네트워크(Sensor Network)는 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경 구현을 위한 기반 네트워크 기술로 초경량, 저전력의 많은 센서들로 구성된 무선 네트워크 환경이라 할 수 있다. 센서 네트워크의 다양한 활용 가능성에도 불구하고 노드 간의 신뢰적인 인증을 보장하지 못함으로 전체 네트워크의 신뢰성을 약화시키는 요인으로 작용하며, 많은 보안상의 문제를 야기한다. 본 논문에서는 센서 네트워크에 적용 가능한 노드 간의 신뢰적인 인증을 위해 현존하는 여러 인증 관련 프로토콜의 분석을 통해 장장장장을 파악하고 이를 해결하기 위한 대안을 제시함을 목표로 한다.

Effective Biliary Drainage and Proper Treatment Improve Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Obstructive Jaundice

( Yang Gun Suh ),( Do Young Kim ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Jin Sil Seong ) 대한소화기학회 2014 Gut and Liver Vol.8 No.5

Background/Aims: We investigated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with obstructive jaundice. Methods: Among 2,861 patients newly diagnosed with HCC between 2002 and 2011, a total of 63 patients who initially presented with obstructive jaundice were analyzed. Only four patients presented with resectable tumors and underwent curative resection. In the other patients who presented with unresectable tumors, 5, 8, 9, and 18 patients received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combined treatment, respectively. Both the clinical and the treatment factors that affect overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results: The median OS was 4 months, and the 1-year OS rate was 23%. Patients who received treatment for HCC had a significantly improved OS rate compared with the patients who received supportive care only (1-year OS, 32% vs 0%; p<0.01). Responders to treatment showed a better OS than nonresponders (1-year OS, 52% vs 0%; p<0.01). TACE and radiotherapy resulted in relatively good treatment responses of 64% and 67%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, treatment of HCC (p=0.02) and the normalization of serum bilirubin by biliary drainage (p=0.02) were significantly favorable prognostic factors that affected the OS. Conclusions: Unresectable HCC with obstructive jaundice has a poor prognosis. However, effective biliary drainage and treatment of HCC such as with TACE or radiotherapy improves survival. (Gut Liver 2014;8:526-535)

지역문화 활성화를 위한 복합문화기능의 박물관 공간계획에 관한 연구

김주영(Kim Ju Young),이종협(Lee Jong-Hyub),강건희(Kang Gun-Hee) 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

The Modern are in high Cultural desire. Their desire of culture will be continued with region-culture facilities.<br/> Nowadays, Museum is one of the culture-facilities, Function in local society might be an opened-cultural place.<br/> Compare to the current museum, the museum has to give cultural-space positively to people. It should be a good plan with professional and active education program as a public education center. And also it should give various cultural festival to people. The Museum can not be a quiet and heavy place. To activate region-culture, the museum should be a cozy place that offers fantastic experiences to people.

HCC : Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Obstructive Jaundice

( Yang Gun Suh ),( Do Young Kim ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Jin Sil Seong ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background: Obstructive jaundice caused by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare and has a poor prognosis, and effective treatment options are unclear. We therefore investigated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of HCC with obstructive jaundice. Methods: Among 2861 patients newly diagnosed with HCC between 2002 and 2011, a total of 63 patients (2.2%) who initially presented with obstructive jaundice were analyzed. Fiftysix patients (89%) were initially managed by biliary drainage, and then serum blilirubin levels were normalized in 15 of these patients. Four patients underwent curative resection, and 5, 8, 9, and 18 patients received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combined treatment, respectively. Results: The median survival time was 4 months, and the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate was 23%. Treatments with curative aim significantly improved OS compared with the patients received supportive care only (1-year OS, 32% vs. 0%, P=0.00). Responders to curative treatments showed better OS than nonresponders (1-year OS, 52% vs. 0%, P=0.00). TACE and radiotherapy resulted in relatively good treatment responses of 64% and 67%, respectively, in inoperable patients. In multivariate analyses, treatment with curative aim (P=0.01) and normalization of serum bilirubin by biliary drainage (P=0.01) were significantly favorable prognostic factors affecting OS. Conclusions: HCC patients with obstructive jaundice have a poor prognosis. However, effective biliary drainage and treatment with curative aim improves survival.

ZigBee 환경에서의 효율적 키 분배 기법 설계

이협건(Hyub-Gun Lee),이경화(Kyoung-Hwa Lee),김재호(Jae-Ho Kim),신용태(Yong-Tae Shin) 한국정보과학회 2009 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.36 No.2D

센서 네트워크의 대표적 기술인 ZigBee 에서는 Trust Center 역할을 정의하고 이를 통한 키 분배를 통해 안전한 데이터 통신을 한다. 그러나 Trust Center 를 통한 키 분배는 모든 트래픽이 Trust Center 로 집중됨으로써 부하 및 지연이 발생된다. 본 논문에서는 ZigBee 환경에서의 안전한 통신을 위한 키 분배기법을 설계하였다. 제안하는 키 분배 기법은 키 분배 과정을 Trust Center(TC)와 센서 노드 간의 키 분배(TC-to-Node), 센서 노드 간의 키 분배(Node-to-Node), Trust Center 간의 키 분배(TC-to-TC)로 세분화시켜 설계하였다. 특히 Trust Center 간의 키 분배를 통해 이전의 키 정보를 재사용 함으로써 에너지 효율성 및 안정성을 높였다.

Continuing Besifovir Dipivoxil Maleate versus Switching from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B : 288 Weeks Results of Phase 3 Trial

( Jae Young Jang ),( Won Kim ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Kwang-hyub Han ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Yong Oh Kweon ),( Yong Kyun Cho ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Gun Young Hong ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Young Kul Jung ),( So 대한간학회 2021 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2021 No.1

CD11b⁺ Gr1⁺ bone marrow cells ameliorate liver fibrosis by producing interleukin‐10 in mice

Suh, Yang‐,Gun,Kim, Ja Kyung,Byun, Jin‐,Seok,Yi, Hyon‐,Seung,Lee, Young‐,Sun,Eun, Hyuk Soo,Kim, So Yeon,Han, Kwang‐,Hyub,Lee, Kwan Sik,Duester, Gregg,Friedman, Scott L.,J Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Hepatology Vol.56 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Clinical trials and animal models suggest that infusion of bone marrow cells (BMCs) is effective therapy for liver fibrosis, but the underlying mechanisms are obscure, especially those associated with early effects of BMCs. Here, we analyzed the early impact of BMC infusion and identified the subsets of BMCs showing antifibrotic effects in mice with carbon tetrachloride–induced liver fibrosis. An interaction between BMCs and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was investigated using an <I>in vitro</I> coculturing system. Within 24 hours, infused BMCs were in close contact with activated HSCs, which was associated with reduced liver fibrosis, enhanced hepatic expression of interleukin (IL)‐10, and expanded regulatory T cells but decreased macrophage infiltration in the liver at 24 hours after BMC infusion. In contrast, IL‐10–deficient (IL‐10<SUP>−/−</SUP>) BMCs failed to reproduce these effects in fibrotic livers. Intriguingly, in isolated cells, CD11b<SUP>+</SUP>Gr1<SUP>high</SUP>F4/80<SUP>−</SUP> and CD11b<SUP>+</SUP>Gr1<SUP>+</SUP>F4/80<SUP>+</SUP> BMCs expressed more IL‐10 after coculturing with activated HSCs, leading to suppressed expression of collagen and α‐smooth muscle actin in HSCs. Moreover, these effects were either enhanced or abrogated, respectively, when BMCs were cocultured with IL‐6<SUP>−/−</SUP> and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1<SUP>−/−</SUP> HSCs. Similar to murine data, human BMCs expressed more IL‐10 after coculturing with human HSC lines (LX‐2 or hTERT), and serum IL‐10 levels were significantly elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis after autologous BMC infusion. <I>Conclusion</I>: Activated HSCs increase IL‐10 expression in BMCs (CD11b<SUP>+</SUP>Gr1<SUP>high</SUP>F4/80<SUP>−</SUP> and CD11b<SUP>+</SUP>Gr1<SUP>+</SUP>F4/80<SUP>+</SUP> cells), which in turn ameliorates liver fibrosis. Our findings could enhance the design of BMC therapy for liver fibrosis. (H<SMALL>EPATOLOGY</SMALL> 2012;56:1902–1912)</P>

지그비 환경에서 공개키를 이용한 신뢰적인 키 분배 기법

이경화(Kyoung-Hwa Lee),이협건(Hyub-Gun Lee),김재호(Jae-Ho Kim),신용태(Young-Tae Shin) 한국정보과학회 2009 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.36 No.1D

LR-WPAN 의 대표적인 기술인 ZigBee 는 저속 근거리 무선통신의 국제표준 스팩으로 다양한 센서 네트워크 분야에 활용되고 있다. ZigBee 보안에서는 신규 노드가 그룹 내 조인할 경우, TC(Trust Center)와 신규 노드 간 SKKE 프로토콜을 사용한 키 전달을 통해 인증을 수행한다. 그러나 TC 를 통한 마스터 키 전송이 불안전한 채널을 통해 이루어지기 때문에 공격에 쉽게 노출되는 위험이 있다. 또한 모든 트래픽이 TC 로 집중됨으로써 노드 인증을 위한 부하가 증가하게 된다. 제안하는 기법은 신규 노드에게 마스터키 전송 시 노드 ID 이용한 공개키로 암호화해 전송함으로써 보안을 강화하였다. 또한 서로 다른 서브넷상으로 노드가 이동할 경우 기존의 복잡한 인증 절차 없이 TC 간에 노드의 인증 정보를 주고 받음으로써 인증 절차를 간소화 시켰다. 인증을 위한 키 수립 시간 및 암ㆍ복화 지연 시간을 측정해 제안하는 기법이 기존 기법보다 우수함을 증명하였다.