http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
King, J D,Strait, E J,Boivin, R L,Taussig, D,Watkins, M G,Hanson, J M,Logan, N C,Paz-Soldan, C,Pace, D C,Shiraki, D,Lanctot, M J,La Haye, R J,Lao, L L,Battaglia, D J,Sontag, A C,Haskey, S R,Bak, J G American Institute of Physics 2014 Review of scientific instruments Vol.85 No.8
<P>The DIII-D tokamak magnetic diagnostic system [E. J. Strait, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 023502 (2006)] has been upgraded to significantly expand the measurement of the plasma response to intrinsic and applied non-axisymmetric '3D' fields. The placement and design of 101 additional sensors allow resolution of toroidal mode numbers 1 n 3, and poloidal wavelengths smaller than MARS-F, IPEC, and VMEC magnetohydrodynamic model predictions. Small 3D perturbations, relative to the equilibrium field (10(-5) < δB/B0 < 10(-4)), require sub-millimeter fabrication and installation tolerances. This high precision is achieved using electrical discharge machined components, and alignment techniques employing rotary laser levels and a coordinate measurement machine. A 16-bit data acquisition system is used in conjunction with analog signal-processing to recover non-axisymmetric perturbations. Co-located radial and poloidal field measurements allow up to 14.2 cm spatial resolution of poloidal structures (plasma poloidal circumference is ~500 cm). The function of the new system is verified by comparing the rotating tearing mode structure, measured by 14 BP fluctuation sensors, with that measured by the upgraded B(R) saddle loop sensors after the mode locks to the vessel wall. The result is a nearly identical 2/1 helical eigenstructure in both cases.</P>
M . S . 아흐마드,김종욱,W . D . 킷츠 . R . R . 핫커,G . J . 킹 ( M . Sharif Ahmad,J . W . Kim,W . D . Kitts,R . R . Hacker,G . J . King ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.4
Split samples of boar semen were frozen when (a) sprinkled in liquid nitrogen, (b) placed in a glass tube and dropped into liquid nitrogen and (c) pelletted on dry ice. One hour frozen (a, b, c) samples and the control, a split sample of fresh semen (d), were fixed and used for electron microscopy. Qualitatively, the effect of freezing was so drastic to all the three treatments that even the nuclear membrane and perforatorium were damaged. Plasma membranes of almost all the treated cells were denuded. In more than 80% of the cells, the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) was undulated or broken and the acrosomal vesicles (AV) showed localized or generalized vacuolations. These parameters were considered as a typical response or the acrosome against any method of quick freezing. A total of 3,299 cells, randomly distributed in the photomicrographic plates in sagittal, cross or oblique sections, was examined. In sagittal and cross sections of fresh semen the OAM were 81% smooth; and the AV showed 87% normal. However, due to rapid freezing the values of the OAM changed to 5-8% smooth, 66-76% undulated and 17-27% broken; and similarly the AV showed 7-15% normal, 60-72% localized and 22-25% generalized vacuoles. Further in the control sample-oblique sections, the OAM were 85% smooth and the AV were 83% normal. While after freeze-shock treatments the OAM were 3-6% smooth and 94-97% undulated or broken, Similarly, the values for AV were 14-36% normal and 64-86% vacuolated. Because of a very high incidence of the typical responses of accrosomes, the parametric evaluation of any of its two characters-e.g. alterations in the OAM or in the AV could be used as an index for evaluating freezability of boar spermatozoa.
Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials
Coleman, J. N.,Lotya, M.,O'Neill, A.,Bergin, S. D.,King, P. J.,Khan, U.,Young, K.,Gaucher, A.,De, S.,Smith, R. J.,Shvets, I. V.,Arora, S. K.,Stanton, G.,Kim, H.-Y.,Lee, K.,Kim, G. T.,Duesberg, G. S.,H American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2011 Science Vol.331 No.6017
<P>If they could be easily exfoliated, layered materials would become a diverse source of two-dimensional crystals whose properties would be useful in applications ranging from electronics to energy storage. We show that layered compounds such as MoS(2), WS(2), MoSe(2), MoTe(2), TaSe(2), NbSe(2), NiTe(2), BN, and Bi(2)Te(3) can be efficiently dispersed in common solvents and can be deposited as individual flakes or formed into films. Electron microscopy strongly suggests that the material is exfoliated into individual layers. By blending this material with suspensions of other nanomaterials or polymer solutions, we can prepare hybrid dispersions or composites, which can be cast into films. We show that WS(2) and MoS(2) effectively reinforce polymers, whereas WS(2)/carbon nanotube hybrid films have high conductivity, leading to promising thermoelectric properties.</P>
Affinity for self antigen selects T<sub>reg</sub> cells with distinct functional properties
Wyss, Lena,Stadinski, Brian D,King, Carolyn G,Schallenberg, Sonja,McCarthy, Nicholas I,Lee, Jun Young,Kretschmer, Karsten,Terracciano, Luigi M,Anderson, Graham,Surh, Charles D,Huseby, Eric S,Palmer, E Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2016 NATURE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.17 No.9
<P>The manner in which regulatory T cells (T-reg cells) control lymphocyte homeostasis is not fully understood. We identified two T-reg cell populations with differing degrees of self-reactivity and distinct regulatory functions. We found that GITR(hi)PD-1(hi)CD25(hi) (Triple(hi)) T-reg cells were highly self-reactive and controlled lympho-proliferation in peripheral lymph nodes. GITR(lo)PD-1(lo)CD25(lo) (Triple(lo)) T-reg cells were less self-reactive and limited the development of colitis by promoting the conversion of CD4(+) T-conv cells into induced T-reg cells (iT(reg) cells). Although Foxp3-deficient (Scurfy) mice lacked T-reg cells, they contained Triple(hi)-like and Triple(lo)-like CD4(+) T cells with distinct pathological properties. Scurfy Triple(hi)CD4(+) T cells infiltrated the skin, whereas Scurfy. Triple(lo)CD4(+) T cells induced colitis and wasting disease. These findings indicate that the affinity of the T cell antigen receptor for self antigen drives the differentiation of T-reg cells into distinct subsets with non-overlapping regulatory activities.</P>
Microwave-driven coherent operation of a semiconductor quantum dot charge qubit.
Kim, Dohun,Ward, D R,Simmons, C B,Gamble, John King,Blume-Kohout, Robin,Nielsen, Erik,Savage, D E,Lagally, M G,Friesen, Mark,Coppersmith, S N,Eriksson, M A Nature Pub. Group 2015 Nature nanotechnology Vol.10 No.3
<P>An intuitive realization of a qubit is an electron charge at two well-defined positions of a double quantum dot. This qubit is simple and has the potential for high-speed operation because of its strong coupling to electric fields. However, charge noise also couples strongly to this qubit, resulting in rapid dephasing at all but one special operating point called the 'sweet spot'. In previous studies d.c. voltage pulses have been used to manipulate semiconductor charge qubits but did not achieve high-fidelity control, because d.c. gating requires excursions away from the sweet spot. Here, by using resonant a.c. microwave driving we achieve fast (greater than gigahertz) and universal single qubit rotations of a semiconductor charge qubit. The Z-axis rotations of the qubit are well protected at the sweet spot, and we demonstrate the same protection for rotations about arbitrary axes in the X-Y plane of the qubit Bloch sphere. We characterize the qubit operation using two tomographic approaches: standard process tomography and gate set tomography. Both methods consistently yield process fidelities greater than 86% with respect to a universal set of unitary single-qubit operations.</P>
Extraction of source and drain resistances in MOSFETs using parasitic bipolar junction transistor
Kim, H.T.,Choi, J.B.,Lee, J.U.,Kim, S.W.,Kang, G.C.,King, D.J.,Min, K.S.,Kang, D.W.,Kim, D.M.,Nam, I.C.,Kim, K.S.,Kim, K.H. IEE 2005 Electronics letters Vol.41 No.13
This work presents a new method for extracting the intrinsic source and drain resistances in MOSFETs. This is based on the open-collector method in the parasitic bipolar junction transistor (sourcebody-drain) parallel to the MOSFET. By using the Ebers-Moll equivalent model for bipolar junction transistors, the source and drain resistances are extracted separately excluding the resistance formed by the LDD region. Combining the current-voltage characteristics under a linear operation mode of MOSFETs, we can also extract the LDD-parts in the total resistance.
Atlantic forcing of Pacific decadal variability
Kucharski, F.,Ikram, F.,Molteni, F.,Farneti, R.,Kang, I. S.,No, H. H.,King, M. P.,Giuliani, G.,Mogensen, K. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Climate dynamics Vol.46 No.7
<P>This paper investigates the Atlantic Ocean influence on equatorial Pacific decadal variability. Using an ensemble of simulations, where the ICTPAGCM ('SPEEDY') is coupled to the NEMO/OPA ocean model in the Indo-Pacific region and forced by observed sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic region, it is shown that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) has had a substantial influence on the equatorial Pacific decadal variability. According to AMO phases we have identified three periods with strong Atlantic forcing of equatorial Pacific changes, namely (1) 1931-1950 minus 1910-1929, (2) 1970-1989 minus 1931-1950 and (3) 1994-2013 minus 1970-1989. Both observations and the model show easterly surface wind anomalies in the central Pacific, cooling in the central-eastern Pacific and warming in the western Pacific/Indian Ocean region in events (1) and (3) and the opposite signals in event (2). The physical mechanism for these responses is related to a modification of the Walker circulation because a positive (negative) AMO leads to an overall warmer (cooler) tropical Atlantic. The warmer (cooler) tropical Atlantic modifies the Walker circulation, leading to rising (sinking) and upper-level divergence (convergence) motion in the Atlantic region and sinking (rising) motion and upper-level convergence (divergence) in the central Pacific region.</P>