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Rates of COVID-19 Infection Among Healthcare Workers in Designated COVID-19 Wards and General Wards
Jung Jiwon,Kim Sun-Kyung,Lee Yumi,Park Soyeon,Lim Young-Ju,Kim Eun Ok,Kim Sung-Han 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.43
Background: To evaluate the effects of isolating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in general wards, we compared the rates of COVID-19 infection in nurses and nursing assistants working in COVID-19 designated wards and in general wards of our hospital from 1 October 2021 to 21 April 2022. Methods: This study was conducted in a 2,700-bed tertiary care hospital in Seoul, Korea. Designated wards comprised single, negative pressure rooms and a 100% outdoor air system. Results: During the study period, a total of 2,698 nurses and nursing assistants were employed at our hospital, of whom 310 (11%) were working in the designated wards, and the remaining 2,388 (89%) in the general wards, and among whom 1,158 (43%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. The healthcare workers (HCWs) in the designated wards were less frequently diagnosed with COVID-19 than those in the general wards (31% vs. 45%, P < 0.001). During the period before patients with COVID-19 were isolated in general wards, and during the period after these cases were isolated in general ward, HCWs in designated wards were less frequently infected with the virus than those in general wards (7% vs. 11%, P = 0.039; and 23% vs. 33%, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: HCWs in designated wards have a lower rate of contracting COVID-19 than those in general wards. A lack of exposure to undiagnosed cases and their caregivers, greater care with social distancing outside the hospital, higher rates of 3-dose vaccinations, and the use of isolation rooms with negative pressure may be associated with this finding.
Real-time PCR assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in formalin-fixed tissue
( Jung Ok Park ),( Ho Eun Chang ),( Kyoung Un Park ),( Ghee Young Choe ),( Hye Seung Lee ) 대한임상병리사협회 2007 조직세포검사학회 발표자료집 Vol.2007 No.-
Background: Sensitive and specific detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in clinical specimens are important for the diagnosis and management of patients with tuberculosis. Methods: A total of 78 cases were collected group 1 (53 cases) showed histologic findings suggesting tuberculosis, but acid fast bacillus (AFB) stain-negative and MTBPCR-negative; group 2 (10 cases) showed AFB stain-positive, but MTBPCR-negative; group 3 (15 cases) was histologically mimicking tuberculosis, but clinicopathologically had other causes such as cancer necrosis,abscess and parasitic infection. Real-time PCR based on senX3-regX3 intergenic region was performed using hydrolysis probe (TaqMan probe), and medical records were reviewed for the AFB culture results. Results: In group 1, 17 of 53 cases (32%) were positive for MTB complex by real time PCR. MTB was detected in 8 of 21 lung tissue specimens (38.1%), 3 of 8 intestinal biopsy specimens (37.5%), and 2 of 6 bone biopsy specimens (33.3%). AFB culture results could be available in 37 cases, and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) grew in 4 cases (10.8%). In group 2, we could not detect MTB in all 10 cases using real-time PCR, but NTM was cultured in 4 cases and AFB other than Mycobacterium was suspicious in 2 cases. In group 3, all 15 cases were negative for MTB real-time PCR. Totally, AFB culture was performed in 48 cases and NTM was cultured in 8 cases. Of these 8 cases, discrete caseous necrosis was found in 5 cases.
Frequent Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission among Non-close Contacts Exposed to COVID-19 Patients
Jung Jiwon,Lee Jungmin,Kim Eunju,Namgung Songhee,Kim Younjin,Yun Mina,Lim Young-Ju,Kim Eun Ok,Bae Seongman,Kim Mi-Na,Lee Sun-Mi,Park Man-Seong,Kim Sung-Han 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.33
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission among non-close contacts is not infrequent. We evaluated the proportion and circumstances of individuals to whom SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted without close contact with the index patient in a nosocomial outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in Korea. From March 2020 to March 2021, there were 36 secondary cases from 14 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Of the 36 secondary cases, 26 (72%) had been classified as close contact and the remaining 10 (28%) were classified as non-close contact. Of the 10 non-close contact, 4 had short conversations with both individuals masked, 4 shared a space without any conversation with both masked, and the remaining 2 entered the space after the index had left. At least one quarter of SARSCoV-2 transmissions occurred among non-close contacts. The definition of close contact for SARS-CoV-2 exposure based on the mode of droplet transmission should be revised to reflect the airborne nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Ok-Chul Jung,Tae Soo No,Hae-Dong Kim,Eun-Kyou Kim 한국항공우주학회 2007 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.8 No.1
In this paper, a method of station keeping strategy using relative orbital motion and numerical optimization technique is presented for geostationary satellite. Relative position vector with respect to an ideal geostationary orbit is generated using high precision orbit propagation, and compressed in terms of polynomial and trigonometric function. Then, this relative orbit model is combined with optimization scheme to propose a very efficient and flexible method of station keeping planning. Proper selection of objective and constraint functions for optimization can yield a variety of station keeping methods improved over the classical ones. Nonlinear simulation results have been shown to support such concept.
Clinical Characteristics of Smoking Asthmatics
( Eun Sil Ha ),( Hye Ok Kim ),( Kyoung Ju Lee ),( Eun Joo Lee ),( Gyu Young Hur ),( Ki Hwan Jung ),( Sung Yong Lee ),( Je Hyeong Kim ),( Sang Yeub Lee ),( Chol Shin ),( Jae Jeong Shim ),( Kyung Ho Kan 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2009 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.67 No.6
Background: The smoking prevalence in asthma patients are similar to those in the general population. Asthma and active cigarette smoking can interact to create more severe symptoms, an accelerated decline in lung function and impaired therapeutic responses. Accordingly, asthmatics with a history of smoking were examined to define the clinical characteristics and lung function of smoking asthmatics. Methods: The medical records of 142 asthmatics with a known smoking history were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to their smoking history-current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers. The clinical characteristics, lung function, and annual declines of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were compared. Results: Fifty-three of the 142 patients (37%) were current smokers, 24 were former smokers (17%) and 65 were non-smokers (45%). The patients with a hospital admission history during the previous year included 16 current smokers (30%), 4 former smokers (17%) and 7 non-smokers (11%) (p=0.02). The mean FEV1 (% predicted) was 76.8±19.8%, 71.6±21.1% and 87.9±18.7% for current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers, respectively (p<0.001). The FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (ratio, %) values were 63.6±12.6%, 59.3±14.9% and 72.1±11.8% in current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers, respectively (p<0.001). The corresponding mean values for the individual FEV1 slopes were not significant (p=0.33). Conclusion: Asthmatic smokers demonstrated higher hospital admission rates and lower lung function. These findings suggest that the smoking history is an important predictor of a poor clinical outcome in asthma patients.
Jung, Deok-Beom,Lee, Hyo-Jeong,Jeong, Soo-Jin,Lee, Hyo-Jung,Lee, Eun-Ok,Kim, Young Chul,Ahn, Kyoo Seok,Chen, Chang-Yan,Kim, Sung-Hoon Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2011 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.34 No.6
<P>Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is frequently over-expressed in the numerous types of cancer and plays an important role in angiogenesis. In the present study, the inhibitory mechanism of rhapontigenin isolated from <I>Vitis coignetiae</I> was investigated on HIF-1α stability and angiogenesis in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Rhapontigenin significantly suppressed HIF-1α accumulation at protein level but not at mRNA level in PC-3 cells under hypoxia. Also, rhapontigenin suppressed hypoxia-induced HIF-1α activation in various cancer cells, such as colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW620), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) and prostate carcinoma (LNCaP). Interestingly, rhapontigenin had more potency in inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression than that of resveratrol, a known HIF-1α inhibitor. In addition, rhapontigenin promoted hypoxia-induced HIF-1α degradation and cycloheximide (CHX) blocked protein synthesis. A prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) is usually utilized to examine whether prolyl hydroxylation is involved in inhibition of HIF-1α accumulation. Here, DMOG recovered HIF-1α accumulation inhibited by rhapontigenin. Immunoprecipitation assay also revealed that rhapotigenin enhanced the binding of hydroxylated HIF-1α to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein. Furthermore, rhapontigenin reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in hypoxic PC-3 cells as well as suppressed tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated by the conditioned media of hypoxic PC-3 cells. However, anti-angiogenic effect of rhapontigenin in hypoxic PC-3 cells was reversed by DMOG. Taken together, these findings suggest that rhapontigenin inhibits HIF-1α accumulation and angiogenesis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells.</P>
Nosocomial Outbreak of COVID-19 in a Hematologic Ward
Jung Jiwon,Jungmin Lee,Seongmin Jo,Bae Seongman,Ji Yeun Kim,Cha Hye Hee,Lim Young-Ju,Kwak Sun Hee,Hong Min Jee,Kim Eun Ok,Bae Joon-Yong,Kang Changmin,Sung Minki,Park Man-Seong,Kim Sung-Han 대한감염학회 2021 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.53 No.2
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks occur in hospitals in many parts of the world. In hospital settings, the possibility of airborne transmission needs to be investigated thoroughly. Materials and Methods: There was a nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19 in a hematologic ward in a tertiary hospital, Seoul, Korea. We found 11 patients and guardians with COVID-19 through vigorous contact tracing and closed-circuit television monitoring. We found one patient who probably had acquired COVID-19 through airborne-transmission. We performed airflow investigation with simulation software, whole-genome sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results: Of the nine individuals with COVID-19 who had been in the hematologic ward, six stayed in one multi-patient room (Room 36), and other three stayed in different rooms (Room 1, 34, 35). Guardian in room 35 was close contact to cases in room 36, and patient in room 34 used the shared bathroom for teeth brushing 40 minutes after index used. Airflow simulation revealed that air was spread from the bathroom to the adjacent room 1 while patient in room 1 did not used the shared bathroom. Airflow was associated with poor ventilation in shared bathroom due to dysfunctioning air-exhaust, grill on the door of shared bathroom and the unintended negative pressure of adjacent room. Conclusion: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the hematologic ward occurred rapidly in the multi-patient room and shared bathroom settings. In addition, there was a case of possible airborne transmission due to unexpected airflow.