Long-term aerobic training augments peripheral sudomotor sensitivity to acetylcholine : Physical training modifies peripheral sudomotor mechanisms

Lee, Jeong Beom,Yoon, Kyoo Tae,Choi, Jeong Hwan,Kim, Hong In,Seong, Ki Hong,Esther, Tchai,Shunichi, Yamashita 한국유산소운동과학회 1999 한국유산소운동과학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Higher sweating in trained, compared to sedentary men has been attributed to differences in the peripheral sweating mechanisms, although such mechanisms have not been completely investigated in comparative terms. The aim of this study is to quantitatively investigate the peripheral sudomotor adaptive mechanisms attributed for greater sweating in endurance-trained athletes as opposed to sedentary men. To do this, we compared sudomotor activities to acetylcholine(ACh) iontophoresed in the fore arm skins of trained versus untrained subjects. Changes in fore arm skin blood flow(SBF), skin and body temperatures, sweating rate(SW), sweat onset time(SOT), active sweat gland density (SGD), and single sweat gland output(SGO) were measured. Training-related differences were observed for SBF, SW, SOT, SGD, SGO and skin temperature. Peripheral SW [axon-reflex(AXR), 2.88±0.94 vs 2.02±0.88, and direct (DIR) 6.77±1.29 vs 5.19±0.0.86; for the trained and untrained respectively] were 43% and 30% higher in the endurance-trained compared to the untrained men. SOT was 0.41 min earlier, SGD was 15%, SGO 50 and SBF 2 fold higher in the endurance-trained men. Maximum VO2 was higher in the endurance-trained compared to the sedentary. Furthermore, when VO2 was regressed against sweat output, the endurance-trained had higher correlation (r2=0.89, P<0.0001) than that of the sedentary (r2=0.33, P<0.05), suggesting that proportionally less amount of sweat was used for heat dissipation in the trained. It was concluded that endurance-trained athletes had higher sweat outputs due to the combinations of a higher sweat output per activated sweat gland, shorter lag phase for sweating, higher number of activated sweat glands and higher skin blood flow than those of non-trained sweats.

Application of materials as medical devices with localized drug delivery capabilities for enhanced wound repair

Lee, Esther J.,Huh, Beom Kang,Kim, Se Na,Lee, Jae Yeon,Park, Chun Gwon,Mikos, Antonios G.,Choy, Young Bin Elsevier 2017 Progress in materials science Vol.89 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The plentiful assortment of natural and synthetic materials can be leveraged to accommodate diverse wound types, as well as different stages of the healing process. An ideal material is envisioned to promote tissue repair with minimal inconvenience for patients. Traditional materials employed in the clinical setting often invoke secondary complications, such as infection, pain, foreign body reaction, and chronic inflammation. This review surveys the repertoire of surgical sutures, wound dressings, surgical glues, orthopedic fixation devices and bone fillers with drug eluting capabilities. It highlights the various techniques developed to effectively incorporate drugs into the selected material or blend of materials for both soft and hard tissue repair. The mechanical and chemical attributes of the resultant materials are also discussed, along with their biological outcomes <I>in vitro</I> and/or <I>in vivo</I>. Perspectives and challenges regarding future research endeavors are also delineated for next-generation wound repair materials.</P>

A multi-country study of the economic burden of dengue fever based on patient-specific field surveys in Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Cambodia

Lee, Jung-Seok,Mogasale, Vittal,Lim, Jacqueline K.,Ly, Sowath,Lee, Kang Sung,Sorn, Sopheak,Andia, Esther,Carabali, Mabel,Namkung, Suk,Lim, Sl-Ki,Ridde, Valé,ry,Njenga, Sammy M.,Yaro, Seydou,Yoon Public Library of Science 2019 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.13 No.2

<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Dengue fever is a rapidly growing public health problem in many parts of the tropics and sub-tropics in the world. While there are existing studies on the economic burden of dengue fever in some of dengue-endemic countries, cost components are often not standardized, making cross-country comparisons challenging. Furthermore, no such studies have been available in Africa.</P><P><B>Methods/Principal findings</B></P><P>A patient-specific survey questionnaire was developed and applied in Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Cambodia in a standardized format. Multiple interviews were carried out in order to capture the entire cost incurred during the period of dengue illness. Both private (patient’s out-of-pocket) and public (non-private) expenditure were accessed to understand how the economic burden of dengue is distributed between private and non-private payers.</P><P>A substantial number of dengue-confirmed patients were identified in all three countries: 414 in Burkina Faso, 149 in Kenya, and 254 in Cambodia. The average cost of illness for dengue fever was $26 (95% CI $23-$29) and $134 (95% CI $119-$152) per inpatient in Burkina Faso and Cambodia, respectively. In the case of outpatients, the average economic burden per episode was $13 (95% CI $23-$29) in Burkina Faso and $23 (95% CI $19-$28) in Kenya. Compared to Cambodia, public contributions were trivial in Burkina Faso and Kenya, reflecting that a majority of medical costs had to be directly borne by patients in the two countries.</P><P><B>Conclusions/Significance</B></P><P>The cost of illness for dengue fever is significant in the three countries. In particular, the current study sheds light on the potential economic burden of the disease in Burkina Faso and Kenya where existing evidence is sparse in the context of dengue fever, and underscores the need to achieve Universal Health Coverage. Given the availability of the current (CYD-TDV) and second-generation dengue vaccines in the near future, our study outcomes can be used to guide decision makers in setting health policy priorities.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author summary</B></P><P>Dengue fever is a major public health concern in many parts of South-East Asia and South America. In addition to countries where dengue has been highly prevalent for many years, there is a growing concern on the undocumented burden of dengue in Africa. Following the successful execution of the first-round economic burden study in Vietnam, Thailand, and Colombia by the Dengue Vaccine Initiative, the second-round economic burden study was implemented in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Cambodia using the same standardized methodology. In particular, the second-round study targeted GAVI eligible countries for future vaccine introductions and included two African countries where the burden of dengue was relatively unknown. Our study outcomes show that the economic burden of dengue fever is significant in all three countries. The dengue vaccination era began in 2016 with the first dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) although its public use should be carefully determined due to the safety concerns related to the vaccine. Considering that there are other second-generation dengue vaccines in development, the current study outcomes provide an important step to estimate the economic benefits of vaccination in the three countries.</P></▼2>

Shank2 Deletion in Parvalbumin Neurons Leads to Moderate Hyperactivity, Enhanced Self-Grooming and Suppressed Seizure Susceptibility in Mice

Lee, Seungjoon,Lee, Eunee,Kim, Ryunhee,Kim, Jihye,Lee, Suho,Park, Haram,Yang, Esther,Kim, Hyun,Kim, Eunjoon Frontiers Media S.A. 2018 Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol.11 No.-

<P>Shank2 is an abundant postsynaptic scaffolding protein implicated in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Deletion of <I>Shank2</I> in mice has been shown to induce social deficits, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity, but the identity of the cell types that contribute to these phenotypes has remained unclear. Here, we report a conditional mouse line with a <I>Shank2</I> deletion restricted to parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons (<I>Pv-Cre;Shank2</I><SUP>fl/fl</SUP> mice). These mice display moderate hyperactivity in both novel and familiar environments and enhanced self-grooming in novel, but not familiar, environments. In contrast, they showed normal levels of social interaction, anxiety-like behavior, and learning and memory. Basal brain rhythms in <I>Pv-Cre;Shank2</I><SUP>fl/fl</SUP> mice, measured by electroencephalography, were normal, but susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures was decreased. These results suggest that <I>Shank2</I> deletion in PV-positive neurons leads to hyperactivity, enhanced self-grooming and suppressed brain excitation.</P>

Microphysiological Analysis Platform of Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Spheroids

Lee, Sang Hun,Hong, SoonGweon,Song, Jihwan,Cho, Byungrae,Han, Esther J.,Kondapavulur, Sravani,Kim, Dongchoul,Lee, Luke P. Wiley (John WileySons) 2018 Advanced Healthcare Materials Vol.7 No.2

The current status of Korean native pig production

Esther Lee,장재철,오상현 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.6

Korean native pigs (KNPs) have been one of the traditional livestock primarily raised in rural areas of Korea for centuries. KNPs have adapted to the climate and geography of the Korean Peninsula for a long time, exhibiting excellent adaptability even in challenging environments. For these reasons, the preservation and purification of KNPs are crucial in securing unique genetic resources. Therefore, this review covers the characteristics, production status, commercial value and potential breeding directions of KNPs. Unfortunately, there is still a long way to go for the improvement of KNPs. It is crucial to acknowledge the current challenges, identify the issues, and dedicate efforts to the breed’s improvement. Each section of this comprehensive review will play an important role in integrating related research and data into the overall findings. In-depth discussions on the genetic diversity, productivity, genetic conservation, ecological roles, and sustainability of KNPs will be crucial components in the future of KNP business.

20년 이상 결혼생활을 유지하고 있는 부부의 부부애착과 결혼안정성의 관계에서 정서표현의 매개효과

이에스더(Esther Lee),정혜정(Hyejeong Chung),고경자(kyungja ko) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.20

목적 본 연구의 목적은 20년 이상 장기결혼을 유지하고 있는 기혼남녀가 지각한 부부애착이 결혼안정성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 부부애착과 결혼안정성의 관계에서 정서표현의 매개효과를 분석함으로써 기혼남녀가 결혼생활을 지속하려는 요인이 되는 결혼안정성을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 방법 연구참여자는 기혼 남자 149명, 여자 205명이며2022년 10월~12월까지 자기보고식 설문방식으로 자료를 수집하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 spss 22.0 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 통계처리를 하였고, 신뢰도를 살펴보기 위해 Chonbach, a를 산출하였다. 그리고 빈도, 백분율, 차이검증을 위해 t-검증과 F-검증을 하였는데 사후 검증으로 Duncan 검증을 실시하였으며 상대적 영향력과 매개효과를 알아오기 위해 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과 연구결과 첫째, 차이 검증에서 결혼안정성과 부부애착은 성별에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 부부애착과 정서표현이 결혼안정성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 중다회귀분석을 실시하였고 결혼안정성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변인은 회피애착으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 부부애착과 결혼안정성의 관계에서 정서표현은 독립변인으로서 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 매개효과를 나타내지 않았다. 결론 이러한 결과는 기혼남녀의 결혼안정성 향상을 도울 수 있는 프로그램 개발 및 교육 등 상담현장에서 필요한 실질적인 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the influence of marital attachment on marriage stability in the recog-nition of married for more than 20 years and investigating the mediating effect of emotional expressiveness on the relationship between marital attachment and marriage stability to find ways how to improve. Methods Marriage stability to be one of factor to continue their marriage relationship among married men and women the participants of this study were 149 married male and 205 married female and data were collected by self-report questionnaire. Results First, there were significant differences on marriage stabillity and emotional expressiveness depending on religion, Second, multiple regression analysis were performed to investigate the influences of marital attach-ment and emotional expressiveness on marriage stavility. And avoidance attachment were statistically significant variation on marriage stabillity. Finally, emotional expressiveness was significant as a independent variable in the relationship between marital attachment and marriage stability, however the mediating effect of it was not found to be significant. Conclusions The results of this study can be used as basic and practical data in the field of counseling for program development and education etc to improve marriage stability.

일반논문 : 성인자녀가 중년여성의 노동공급에 미치는 영향

이에스더 ( Lee Esther ) 한국여성경제학회 2013 여성경제연구 Vol.10 No.2

본 연구는 우리나라 중년 기혼여성의 노동공급에 미혼 성인자녀가 미치는 영향에 대해 분석한다. 성인자녀가 중년 기혼여성의 노동공급을 촉진시킬 가능성은 우리나라의 높은 대학진학률과 최근 두드러지는 대학 교육년수의 증가 및 청년 실업문제와 같은 현상에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 중년 기혼여성이라는 특정 연령대의 기혼여성을 대상으로 성인자녀의 유무뿐만 아니라 성인자녀의 특성으로 비취업 효과를 살펴본다. 분석 결과에 의하면 20대 자녀를 지닌 여성일수록 경제활동참가율이 높게 나타나고, 특히, 저학력 여성에게서 성인자녀의 비취업이 여성의 노동시장 (재)진입을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. This paper analyzes the effects of adult children on middle-aged women`s labor supply. The possibility of adult children effect, adult children can promote their mothers` labor supply, is in correlation with higher college enrollment rates, longer average length of time to graduate college and lower labor participation rate among young people in South Korea. Using KLIPS(Korean Labor and Income Panel Study) data, it shows that adult children, especially in twenties can have a significant effect on the labor supply of married women. It also suggests that qualitative characteristics of a woman`s child can be one of the factors affecting the labor force participation of mothers as well as quantitative differences. In this case, the employment status matters. This study suggests that middle-aged mothers, in particular, low-educated mothers who have unemployed adult child are more likely to be involved in economic activities compared to mothers whose adult child is employed.

AE기법에 의한 고인성 시멘트 복합체에서 골재크기와 W/C에 따른 손상과정의 연구

이영오(Lee, Young-Oh),변장배(Byun, Jang-Bae),이민정(Lee, Min-Jung),전에스더(Jeon, Esther),김선우(Kim, Sun-Woo),윤현도(Yun, Hyun-Do) 한국콘크리트학회 2007 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.5

FROM PRODUCT TO CATEGORY: HOW AN INNOVATIVE PRODUCT TYPE COULD GROW INTO A DOMINANT PRODUCT CATEGORY

Bangsil (Esther) Lee,Jina Kang 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

In early 2015, L’Or?al’s luxury cosmetics brand LANC?ME launched a product called Miracle Cushion™, a sponge soaked in liquid foundation. By integrating a cosmetic formula with a sponge in a compact case, it distinguished itself from other conventional makeup products, e.g., liquid foundation in a glass bottle or pressed powder in a portable compact. On Lanc?me’s website, Miracle Cushion™ is described as follows: “a foundation revolution has arrived – liquid makeup in a cushion.” LANC?ME’s “revolution” actually originated from AMOREPACIFIC, Korea’s number one beauty group which had a sales revenue of KRW 4.7 trillion (USD 3.9 billion) in 2014. By launching Air Cushion® in March 2008, AMOREPACIFIC created a new makeup product category called “cushion.” By July 2015, the total cumulative number of AMOREPACIFIC’s cushion products sold in 13 countries was 63 million units. In 2014 alone, more than 26 million units were sold – one every 1.2 seconds. The sales revenue was KRW 641 billion (USD 542 million), which accounted for more than 13% of AMOREPACIFIC’s total revenue. AMOREPACIFIC launched Air Cushion® under IOPE, one of its premium brands. The company initially positioned Air Cushion® as sunscreen. Equipped with mass production facilities, AMOREPACIFIC sold 517,000 units of cushions in 2010, which accounted for KRW 14.5 billion (USD 12.2 million). Furthermore, the company started to automate the entire manufacturing process for cushions. With this automation, the sales revenue of Air Cushion® in 2011 reached KRW 33.6 billion (USD 28.4 million) - more than doubled compared to 2010. Obviously, it was a huge success for sunscreens under a single brand. From 2012, AMOREPACIFIC began to expand cushions for other in-house brands besides IOPE. Simultaneously, AMOREPACIFIC started to reposition cushion as makeup “foundation,” not “sunscreen.” HERA, AMOREPACIFIC’s luxury brand with a strong heritage in color makeup, took the initiative in repositioning cushion. This was also a strategic decision to diversify distribution channels: the main distribution channels of premium brands such as IOPE were Sephora-like specialty stores and discount stores whereas the primary distribution channels of luxury brands such as HERA were department stores and door-to-door networks. With HERA focused on domestic market expansion, LANEIGE, the most globalized brand of all in AMOREPACIFIC, pioneered the global market for cushions. Starting from its entry into Hong Kong and China in 2002, LANEIGE had already expanded its presence in more than 10 countries including Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Specifically, LANEIGE was perceived in most Asian countries as a cosmetics brand spearheading “K-Beauty” trends, part of the “Korean Wave” phenomenon. Thus, LANEIGE capitalized on its brand reputation accumulated over the years in the Asian market to expand cushions. LANEIGE designed a brand concept for its cushion as BB Cushion to make the most of the popularity of BB creams across Asia. In 2012, LANEIGE BB cushion was first launched in Singapore in January, followed by Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam in March, and finally Taiwan in April, all prior to its release in Korea in May. Initially, it emphasized the brightening function to fulfill the demand for whitening products already popular throughout Asia. From 2013, LANEIGE started to offer a variety of product lines customized to different consumer needs from each country. For example, LANEIGE launched BB Cushion Pore Control for consumers in hot, humid areas of Southeast Asia and BB Cushion Anti-aging for consumers in extremely cold and dry areas of China. Starting with HERA and LANEIGE in 2012, AMOREPACIFIC continue to release cushions under other brands by stages - SULWHASOO, ETUDE HOUSE in 2013, and INNISFREE, MAMONDE in 2014, etc. Every cushion product launched under different brands was named “cushion.” For example, HERA UV Mist Cushion, LANEIGE BB Cushion, SULWHASOO Perfecting Cushion, ETUDE HOUSE Precious Mineral Any Cushion, INNISFREE Water Glow Cushion, MOMONDE Cover Powder Cushion, etc. With the consistent labeling, AMOREPACIFIC succeeded in categorical differentiation. Stimulated by the widespread popularity of AMOREPACIFIC’s cushion foundations, competitors followed. Among local companies, LG Household and Healthcare was the first to enter into the cushion market in August 2012. Among the foreign brands, it was Lanc?me. This paper is trying to understand how to achieve breakthrough innovation and create a new product category in the mature market such as cosmetics by analyzing the case of AMOREPACIFIC’s cushion.