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Challenges for Liver Transplantation in Developing Country (Mongolia)
( Batsaikhan Bat-erdene ),( Sergelen Orgoi ),( Erdene Sandag ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) is a main treatment of end-stage liver disease. Specially developing country like Mongolia has high prevalence of HBV, and hepatocellular cancer. The inception and setting up of LT project in the developing country is associated with some difficulties, which includes financial costs of liver transplantation, lifelong follow-up, treatment and insurance problems of patient. Fortunately, Mongolia had found a huge chance to develop the big project, that started since 2011. Methods: Totally 31 patients had transplanted liver from living donor, and 1 patient from deceased donor. The cooperation of LT project between Mongolian First Central Hospital and ASAN Medical Center, nowadays project is going successfully. Results: There 27 cases of LT had done by mixed team, and 4 cases had done by Mongolian team separately. There 30 cases were living donor liver transplantation, only 1 case was deceased donor liver transplantation. There were not donor’s mortality in 31 cases. In our 31 cases 2 recipients deaths, one of them CMV, which could not diagnosed in Mongolia. We faced with some complications, which includes acute rejection, infection and IVC stenosis. Conclusions: Developing country like Mongolia faced with a lot difficulties to locate the expensive and difficult operation like LDLT. To do everything is a possible, the main thing is find the right way and good people for encourage the big project.
Batsaikhan Bat-Erdene,Sergelen Orgoi,Erdene Sandag,Ulzii-Orshikh Namkhai,Bat-Ireedui Badarch,Batsaikhan Batsuuri 한국간담췌외과학회 2016 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.20 No.3
The sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) is a complication that usually follows hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It is also known as veno-occlusive disease, which is a rare complication of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Herein, we reported a 34 year-old female patient presenting SOS after LDLT. Its underlying cause was presumed to be associated with liver abscess and subsequent inferior vena cava stenosis. SOS led to graft failure, thus requiring retransplantation with a deceased donor liver graft. The underlying causes of SOS are complex pathologic entity with multifactorial etiology. It is likely that its multifactorial etiology includes a decrease of hepatic venous outflow that is caused by graft liver infection and inferior vena cava stenosis.
МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН ЭРДЭС БАЯЛГИЙН САЛБАРЫН ЭРХ ЗҮЙН ЗОХИЦУУЛАЛТ, ТҮҮНИЙ ХЭРЭГЖИЛТ
Н.Сувд-Эрдэнэ(N.Suvd-Erdene),Н.Бат-Эрдэнэ(N.Bat-Erdene) 단국대학교 몽골연구소 2019 몽골지역연구 Vol.4 No.1
“Mongolia’s State Policy on Minerals Sector”, enacted in 2014. “Minerals Law”, “Investment Law” and other relevant laws were updated in 2014~2015. The objective of the “Mongolia’s State Policy on Minerals Sector” is to improve quality of mineral exploration, to effect its procurement by positively, to establish stable investment environment, to improve mining and processing by encouraging use of innovations, and strengthening competitiveness of the country in the international market. The Mongolian government has developed and approved a variety of policies, programs, laws and regulations. Although it has not been consistently pursued, implementing long-term, and sustainable state policy. Political instability can have a greater impact on those issues. As a result of every election, one party is working only for implementing their policy of short-term autonomy. Professionals are not appointed to workplace and they lose their time to understand their work. It is main reason to postponed of policy implementation, also negatively affect the well-being of the people and the country development. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research work on following issues. This research work focused on to develop legal policy on mineral sector, to implement policies, to control implementation by supervised level. The first part of the research work focused on to make common understanding of the terminology used on the mineral sector, the second part focused on the past and present of mineral sector and the third part focused on the legal framework and its implementation. The last part included result, discussion and references.
Cloning of a novel endogenous promoter for foreign gene expression in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
ERDENE OCHIR ERDENEDOLGOR,신복규,HUDA MD NAZMUL,김다혜,이은하,송대근,김윤미,김상민,판철호 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.6
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom, and its genomic sequence data and expressed sequence tag databases are available. This study was to discover a new endogenous promoter that drives strong constitutive expression of a protein of interest in P. tricornutum. To find promoter candidates, the intracellular proteins of P. tricornutum grown to stationary phase were extracted and identified by LC–MS/MS. Glutamine synthetase (GLNA) was one of the most abundantly expressed proteins during the stationary phase. Promoter is usually located on 5′ upstream region of open reading frame of the gene. Thus, two fragments of 5′ upstream region of the GLNA gene as putative promoters, 501 and 997 bp long, were amplified and cloned into enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) reporter systems. The constructed reporter systems were transformed into P. tricornutum and the eGFP expression levels were compared to those of reporter systems using the promoters of fcpA (fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding protein A) and CIP1 (putative replication-associated proteins of a Chaetoceros lorenzianus-infecting DNA virus) as controls. The expression of eGFP driven by either GLNA promoter (501 and 997 bp) was linearly related to cell density, and eGFP was expressed constitutively regardless of the cultivation phase. The eGFP expression level driven by the GLNA promoters was at least 4 times higher than the fcpA-driven eGFP expression level at the stationary phase. The 501 and 997 bp regions of the GLNA promoter had similar activity patterns for transcribing the downstream gene. These results indicate that at least 501-bp region of the GLNA promoter can be used as a strong constitutive promoter in genetic engineering of P. tricornutum.
Erdener, Carolyn,Chan, Peng Research Institute for Business and Entrepreneursh 1999 ASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Vol.2 No.-
We propose that international franchising is characterized by a shift in governance mode, from indirect to direct franchising arrangements. The model is based on the analysis of cultural distance and transaction costs. It is illustrated with examples from the experience of Kentucky Fried Chicken(KFC) in China (Bugg, 1994; Caplan, 1988; EUI, 1994; Linn, 1994).
Raman Spectroscopy of Biphenyl-4,4'-dithiol and p-Terphenyl-4,4″-dithiol on Gold Surfaces#
Erdene Ochir Ganbold,주상우 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.3
We compared the adsorption behaviors of 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT), biphenyl-4,4′-dithiol (BPDT), and p-terphenyl-4,4″-dithiol (TPDT) on gold (Au) surfaces. To check the surface orientations and possibility of multilayer formation, surface-enhanced Raman scattering was employed for the three aromatic dithiols on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The Raman spectra of BDT and BPDT on AuNPs were examined, whereas those of TPDT could be obtained on an Au-coated nanostructured silicon plate. Unlike BDT, BPDT and TPDT did not exhibit a ν(S–H) band at 2560 cm−1. Because of the additional benzene rings, multilayer formation is improbable for BPDT and TPDT under colloidal conditions.