심폐소생술의 순환회복 예측인자로서 호기말 이산화탄소 분압의 유용성 및 의의 : 각 심정지 원인에 따른 분석

어은경,안기옥,김정연,전영진,정구영 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Background: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of capnometry, the noninvasive, continuous measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide(ETCO2) in expired air during CPR. The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of ETCO2 monitoring according to immediate cause of arrest during CPR as a prognostic indicator of successful resuscitation and survival. Methods: A prospective, clinical study was performed from May 1997 to December 2000 at the Department of Emergency Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. The study included 220 patients(231cases). All patients were immediately connected to a mainstream capnometer sensor between the tube and the bag after endotracheal intubation using an infrared capnometer. Results: The 107 patients(46.3%) with return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) had higher maximal ETCO2 during CPR than the 113 patients without ROSC(31.0±19.4 vs 11.7±9.4 mmHg, P=0.000). The ETCO2 was not significantly different in relation to age, initial rhythm, and survival time after ROSC, but there was a significant difference in the immediate cause of arrest in the ROSC group(respiratory arrest: 40.2±23.5 mmHg, P=0.000). In case of cardiac arrest due to trauma, maximal ETCO2 was not significant in the ROSC group compared with the non-ROSC group(18.2±16.6 vs 10.8±7.5 mmHg, P=0.208). When maximal ETCO2 was less than 10 mmHg, we observed a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 39.5% in predicting ROSC. There were 6 patients with ROSC even though the maximal ETCO2 was less than 10 mmHg. Conclusion: Continuous ETCO2 monitoring during CPR may be noninvasive and valuable predictor of successful resuscitation and survival from cardiac arrest. However, ETCO2 should not be used as a single indicator for either cardiac arrest due to trauma or withdrawal of CPR.

Analysis of KAP1 expression patterns and human endogenous retrovirus Env proteins in ovarian cancer

Kyung‑Yoon Jeon,Eun‑Ji Ko,Young Lim Oh,Hongbae Kim,Wan Kyu Eo,김아리,Han Gyu Sun,Meesun Ock,Ki Hyung Kim,Hee‑Jae Cha 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.10

Background Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute around 8% of the human genome and have important roles in human health and disease, including cancers. Previous studies showed that HERV envelope (Env) proteins are highly expressed in cancer tissues and co-related with cancer progression. KAP1 has been reported to play a key role in regulating retrotransposons, including HERV-K, through epigenetic silencing. Objective The relationship between KAP-1 and HERV Envs expressions was analyzed only in tumor cell lines and has not yet been studied in cancer tissues. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns and relationship between KAP1 and HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues. Method The expression patterns of KAP-1 and HERV Env proteins, including HERV-K and HERV-R, were analyzed in ovarian cancer tissue microarrays that contained 80 surgical specimens, including normal ovary and malignant ovarian cancers. Results The expression of HERV-R Env and KAP1 proteins is signifcantly higher in ovarian cancer compared with normal ovary tissues. However, the expression of HERV-K Env did not change signifcantly in cancer tissues. The expression patterns of HERV-K Env and HERV-R Env signifcantly increased in early stages of cancer and KAP1 expression was higher in certain stage and types of cancers. However, the expression of HERV-K Env, HERV-R Env, and KAP1 did not change in diferent age groups. The correlation between the expression of KAP1 and HERV-Env, including HERV-K and HERV-R, was not signifcantly correlated. Conclusions The results of this study showed that there was no signifcant correlation between the expression of KAP1 and HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues, unlike studies with cell lines in vitro. These results suggest that the actual expression of HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues may be regulated through various complex factors as well as KAP1.

심폐소생술동안 순환회복 예측인자로서 호기말 이산화탄소 분압의 의의

어은경,정구영 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Background: It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Recent studies suggest that continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide(ETCO₂) monitoring may be useful non-invasive indicator of CPR. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ETCO₂monitoring during CPR could be used as a prognostic indicator of resuscitation and survival. Method: A prospective, clinical study was performed from May 1997 to April 1998 at the department of emergency medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong hospital. All patients were immediately connected to mainstream capnometer sensor between the tube and the bag after endotracheal intubation using infrared capnometer. Result: The study included 70 patients (39 were men) with a mean age of 55 ±16 years. 37 patients with return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) had higher maximal ETCO₂during CPR than 33 patients without ROSC (26.9 ±19.4 vs 10.2 ±9.0mmHg, P=0.0001). The ETCO₂was not significantly different in relation to age, gender, initial rhythm, and survival time after ROSC. But there was significant difference in immediate cause of arrest in ROSC group(P=0.0016). When maximal ETCO₂was less than 10mmHg, we observed sensitivity of 83.8%, specificity of 54.5% in predicting ROSC. There were 6 patients with ROSC in spite of maximal ETCO₂was less than 10mmHg. Conclusion: Continuous ETCO₂monitoring during CPR may be useful, noninvasive, and valuable predictor of successful resuscitation and survival from cardiac arrest. But ETCO₂should not be used as a single indicator for the withdrawal of CPR.

장기간 훈련이 임피던스 심장기록법에 의한 운동중 심근산소소비량 및 좌심실 기능에 미치는 영향

오미경,어은실,최건식,황수관 대한스포츠의학회 1994 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Impedance cardiography gas been used to measure stroke volume and left ventricular ejection time since 196's and the measuring technique have been improved to use during exercise. However, the old technique made impedance recording unreadable due to motion artifacts during exercise. Recently, ensemble averaging technique with elastic meshed brass band was applied to it for eliminating motion artifact during exercise. Then, it was used to compare the cardiac function between athletes and non-athletes during bicycle ergometer exercise. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Heart rate of the athletes was significantly lower during exercise and more rapidly recovered after exercise that that of the non-athletes. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the athletes was lower than those of the non-athletes. 2) Rate-pressure product(RPP) showing myocardial O_2 consumption of the athletes was significantly lower than that of the non-athletes. 3) Left ventricular ejection time(LVET) of the athletes was significantly longer than that of the non-athletes. 4) Cardiac index(CI) of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes. While CI of the athletes was continuously increased up to 18 minutes during exercise, that of the non-athletes was increased up to 15 minutes and then decreased at 18 minutes. 5) At the same LVET and RRP, CI of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athlethes. 6) Correlations between LVET and RPP, RPP and CI, LVET and CI during exercise, there was no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes. From these results above, it is concluded that the cardiac function of the athletes is superior to that of the non-athletes by comparing all the parameters. This newly improved impedance cardiography was able to measure LVET and cardiac index, noninvasively, and is expected to contribute to the study for evaluating the cardiac function of the athletes during exercise as well as that of the patients in cardiac problems.

급성 뇌졸중 환자에 있어서 병원 도착까지 지연시간 및 지연요인 분석

류지영,어은경,김용재,정구영 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background: Recent advances have been made in the treatment of acute stroke, but the effectiveness of the new therapies is highly time-dependent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the time from symptom onset to hospital arrival and the total arrival delay time for patients with acute stroke. Methods: A prospective registry of patients presenting to the ED with signs or symptoms of acute stroke was established at Ewha Womans university Mokdong and Dongdaemun hospitals from March to December 1999, We analyzed the the prehospital delay time(reaction interval and total arrival delay) and factors associated with delayed arrival at the hospital. Results: The study included 256 patients(49% were women) with a mean age of 62±13 years. 50.9% of the patients arrived within 3 hours, and 94.9% patients arrived within 24 hours after onset of symptoms of acute stroke. The total arrival delay mine was 180 minutes(median time), and the reaction interval was 60 minutes(median time). Transportation by 119 or 129 ambulance was linked to shorter delay(47 minutes). Age, mental status, and degree of disability were statistically significant factors associated with delayed arrival at the hospital. Conclusion: Age, mental status, and degree of disability were significant factors associated with delayed arrival at the hospital. For effective treatment of acute stroke patients, increased public awareness to use an ambulance with direct transport to the acute-care hospital is required.

Goldman's Algorithm을 이용한 비외상성 흉통 환자의 분석

조석진,유진현,김찬웅,어은경,정구영 대한응급의학회 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

Back ground : It is important to evaluate the patient presenting with non-traumatic chest pain in emergency department, and it is also difficult to classify appropriately. The purpose of this study is to predict probability of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and assess the group for low probability of AMI that is target for observation-unit of chest pain in emergency department. Methods : A prospective, clinical study was performed from March 1998 to August 1998 at the department of emergency medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong hospital. We classified high-probability group and low-probability group of AMI according to Goldman's algorithm and then compared with the final diagnosis. Results : The study included 218 patients. 84 patients(39%) was the high-probability group and 134 patients(61%) was the low-probability group of AMI. As compared with final diagnosis, AMI was 47 patients(56%) among the high-probability group and 1 patient(0.7%) among the low-probability group. We observed sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 78% in predicting AMI. Conclusion : The classification according to Goldman's algorithm may be useful predictor of AMI and improve triage for emergency department patients with chest pain. It is also helpful for management of observation-unit of chest pain in emergency department.

사망 진단서(시체 검안서) 작성의 문제점

김규석,임용수,이중의,서길준,윤여규,어은경,염석란,정연권,이윤성 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the current problems in completing death certificates and to identify the correct method for completing death certificates Methods: We reviewed 262 death certificates in three hospitals from March 1 to April 30, 2000, and 119 death certificates in one hospital from March 1 to 31, 2000. We identified major and minor errors and analyzed and compared them retrospectively. Results: A total of 381 death certificates were reviewed: 59 in Seoul National University Hospital,101 in Ewha Woman's University Hospital, and 102 in Gachon Medical College Hospital, which has no education program for completing death certificates in postgraduate training, and 119 in Samsung Medical Center which has an education program for completing death certificates. 358 certificates(94.0%) had at least one error. There were only 23 death certificates(6.0%) without an error. In 182 cases(47.8%), there was one major error. In 321 death certificates(84.3%), there were more than two errors. A comparison of Samsung Medical Center with the other hospitals showed that the number of total errors was statistically different(p=0.001). Conclusion: There were few death certificates without an error in this study. In a hospital which has postgraduate training in completing death certificates, there are fewer errors than in other hospitals which have no training course. Emergency physicians actually certify many deaths, so they must know the correct method of completing death certificates for statistics on morbidity and mortality.

Reversible Wall Motion Abnormality on Adenosine Stress/Rest Thallium-201 Gated Myocardial SPECT is an Independent Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease

( Eun Kyung Park ),( Won Woo Lee ),( Young So ),( Jae Seon Eo ),( Sang Woo Lee ),( Cheol Ho Kim ),( Dong Soo Lee ),( June Key Chung ),( Myung Chul Lee ),( Sang Eun Kim ) 대한핵의학회 2004 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.38 No.5

현사시나무에서 Formate Dehydrogenase cDNA의 분리와 특성 구명

이효신 ( Eun Kyung Bae ),배은경 ( Hyo Shin Lee ),이재순 ( Jae Soon Lee ),최영임 ( Young Im Choi ),윤서경 ( Seo Kyung Yoon ),어수형 ( Soo Hyung Eo ) 한국산림과학회 2013 한국산림과학회지 Vol.102 No.3

Formate dehydrogenase (FDH), catalyzing the oxidation of the formate ion to carbon dioxide, is known as the stress protein in response to drought, low temperature and pathogen infection. To study the functions of FDH in poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa), we isolated a FDH cDNA (PagFDH1) and examined its expressional characteristics. The PagFDH1 is 1,499 base pairs long and encodes a putative 388 amino acid protein with an expected molecular mass of 42.5 kDa. The PagFDH1 protein has N-terminal mitochondria signal peptide and NAD+ binding domain. Southern blot analysis indicated that a single copy of the PagFDH1 is present in the poplar genome. PagFDH1 is expressed highly in the suspension cells (especially in the lag and early exponential phases) and moderately in roots, flowers and leaves. ABA-mediated enhanced expression of PagFDH1 in response to drought and salt stress treatments indicates that the gene product could play an important role in the development of stress resistant trees.

보행속도와 중족지관절(MTPJ) 경사각의 변화에 따른 Hip-knee-ankle Joint의 상호운동 특성

어은경(Eun-Kyung Eo),김철웅(Cheol-Woong Kim) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.11

Human walking is defined as repeated performance of sequence of movement by lower limb, hip, knee and ankle, and consists of stance and swing phases that include different body alignments. The gait is composed of multiple cycles that show similar connectivity of movement of each articulation in functional pattern of lower limb and it is important to observe the movement of each articulation compared with other movements. Consequently, the relation between articulation angles and timing is very important. Based on the assumption, in this study, we observed the flexion-extension angles of hip-knee-ankle movement and any changes in gait cycle when metatarsophalangeal joint angle and walking speed varied in normal adults. Consequently, no change was found in knee flexion-extension angles but the value of flexion angle peak in stance phase rose as metatarsophalangeal joint tilt angle and walking speed increased. The ankle as a whole showed plantar-flexion in its flexion-extension angle and plantar-flexion was larger than dorsiflexion to move forward. Furthermore, the stance phase in gait cycle was shorter as the walking speed became faster.