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최근 10년간 원광의대병원에서 시행한 소아 심장혈관 수술의 임상적 고찰
윤향석,정수미,최두영,오광수,오연균,김종덕,양현웅,이삼윤,김형곤,최종범,최순호,노병석 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1995 圓光醫科學 Vol.11 No.2
We reviewed 10 years experiences of the clinical aspects and early postoperative results in 544 pediatric patients(age less than 16 years old). Among them. 529 cases had the congenital heart diseases, and 15 had the acquired diseases. Open heart surgery was performed in 413 patients. 115 cases were treated with non-open heart surgery. 16 with interventional catheterization. Annual increase of the cardiac patients was not significant in recent 10 years, except slight increase in 1994. The mean age of the study patients had been evidently changed to younger year by year. Total mortality rate of the open heart surgery was 6.4%. The cyanotic congenital heart diseases were high in early postoperative mortality by 25.7%, whereas 4% in acyanotic group. The age group less than one month was most highest in surgical mortality(66.7%). There were no deaths in patients with patent ductus arteriosus(103 cases), atrial septal defect(83 cases) or pulmonary stenosis(17 cases). Among 220 patients with ventricular septal defects(VSD). 10(4.5%) were died early postoperatively. In cyanotic group, the patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects(PAVSD), transposition of the great arteries(TGA), interrupted aortic arch(IAA), complex cardiac anomalies with isomerism seemed to be most susceptible to an early death.
Toxicological Characterization of Phthalic Acid
Du Yeon Bang,In Kyung Lee,Byung-Mu Lee 한국독성학회 2011 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.4
There has been growing concern about the toxicity of phthalate esters. Phthalate esters are being used widely for the production of perfume, nail varnish, hairsprays and other personal/cosmetic uses. Recently, exposure to phthalates has been assessed by analyzing urine for their metabolites. The parent phthalate is rapidly metabolized to its monoester (the active metabolite) and also glucuronidated, then excreted. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of phthalic acid (PA), which is the final common metabolic form of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). The individual PA isomers are extensively employed in the synthesis of synthetic agents, for example isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA), which have very broad applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers and components of polyester fiber, film and fabricated items. There is a broad potential for exposure by industrial workers during the manufacturing process and by the general public (via vehicle exhausts, consumer products, etc). This review suggests that PA shows in vitro and in vivo toxicity (mutagenicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, etc.). In addition, PA seems to be a useful biomarker for multiple exposure to PAEs in humans.
신문관 출판 활동의 구조적 측면 연구2: 서적 목록과 광고를 중심으로
권두연 ( Du Yeon Kwon ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2010 민족문학사연구 Vol.44 No.-
This paper is focused on Sinmungwan`s publishing activity for two aspects. First, publishing companies in early modern age had operated as a sideline structure: They published their own books, and also released other company`s publications as a sideline. Second, company-centered publication of magazine was an exceptional phenomenon in that time. Sinmungwan showed some distinguishing conditions of publishing activity because it released magazines and books at the same time. Above all, It didn`t just enumerate their books but classified and section them, so it could be applied to its catalog of books such as 『Chongmok』 or 「Seomok」. It also showed that Sinmungwan had concentrated on the area of scholarship, self-discipline, literature, hobby and amusement. This kind of publishing tendency can be considered as a part of cultivating project for self-discipline and refinement to train the young, which had pursued consistently from 『Sonyon』 magazine. Meanwhile, Sinmungwan utilized quite aggressive advertisement of books through their own media and other company`s. Advertisement of books was not just a marketing strategy, but also a useful way to recognize various situations and contexts on the process of releasing and distributing of books. Together with their work of cataloging books, Sinmungwan showed a tendency to conventionalize their own books in particular way through advertisements of books, and led a trend of new type of publication by attempting some methods such as 『Chongseo』 or planning books. Especially, the advertisement of books functioned as a device to make assumption about censorship`s another way of operation by revealing the critical point of Sinmungwan`s publishing activity which spreaded out before and after their merger.